地西他滨联合CAG方案对急性髓系白血病患者血清IFN-γ，HBDH与LDH水平的影响

目的:研究地西他滨联合CAG方案对急性髓系白血病患者血清γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响。方法:选取2013年2月至2016年10月我院接诊的70例急性髓系白血病患者作为本次研究对象,并按照随机数表法分为观察组(35例)和对照组(35例)。两组患者均采用常规治疗,对照组在基础治疗上,加用CAG方案,静脉注射阿克拉霉素,每次20 mg;粒细胞集落刺激因子,每次300μg;皮下注射阿糖胞苷,每次10~15 mg/m2;观察组在对照组基础上,加用15mg/m2地西他滨静脉滴注治疗。观察和比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后血清IFN-γ、HBDH、LDH水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组[91.42%(32/35)vs.68.57%(24/35)](P0.05);血清IFN-γ、HBDH、LDH水平显著低于对照组[(3.21±1.01)pg/mL vs.(5.13±1.90)pg/mL,(103.62±26.39)U/L vs.(118.80±28.60)U/L,(101.36±27.32)U/L vs.(123.08±30.59)U/L](P0.05);不良反应总发生率显著亦明显低于对照组[20.00%(7/35)vs.42.85%(15/35)](P0.05)。结论:地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗急性髓系白血病患者的临床疗效优于单用CAG方案,可能与其显著降低患者血清IFN-γ、HBDH与LDH的水平有关。     

IL-12，IFN-γ，EPO及铁蛋白在急性白血病患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究急性白血病患者血清白介素-12(IL-12)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、铁蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年7月我院收治的76例急性白血病患者视为观察组,初治组31例,缓解组25例,复发组20例;另选择同期在我院进行健康体检的76例视为对照组。比较急性白血病患者、健康人群及不同疾病阶段的血清IL-12、IFN-γ、EPO、铁蛋白水平。结果:观察组的IL-12、IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组,EPO、铁蛋白水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。初治组、复发组的血清IL-12、IFN-γ显著低于缓解组[(84.21±5.43)pg/mL、(98.7±7.98)pg/mL比(112.43±10.21)pg/mL,(38.54±3.56)pg/mL、(49.87±4.02)pg/mL比(108.32±8.43)pg/mL](P0.05),EPO、铁蛋白水平显著高于缓解组[(402.32±42.31)mIU/mL、(321.58±30.21)mIU/mL比(98.21±9.45)mIU/mL,(653.21±54.24)ng/mL、(512.87±43.45)ng/mL比(342.15±25.12)ng/mL](P0.05)。结论:急性白血病患者血清IL-12、IFN-γ水平较低,EPO、铁蛋白的表达较高,可通过监测上述指标变化评估病情及预后。     

急性白血病患者血清、脑脊液趋化因子SDF-1测定及意义

目的:为了探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell derived factor-1,SDF-1)及其受体CXCR4在急性白血病血清及脑脊液中的变化及临床意义。方法:用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)测定45例急性白血病患者的血清及40例急性白血病患者的脑脊液中SDF-1,并分别与正常对照组比较。结果:1.ALL患者组、AML患者组及正常对照组血清的SDF-1水平分别为4255.46±2685.83,2405.10±905.24,2338.24±671.21(pg/ml),其中ALL组患者明显高于AML组及正常组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CNSL患者组及非CNSL患者组SDF-1血清水平分别为3696.30±432.49,3136.62±2157.64(pg/ml),组间无显著差别。2.ALL患者组、AML患者组及正常对照组脑脊液SDF-1水平分别为4576.15±1547.96,3097.20±1408.45,1983.61±857.98(pg/ml),其中急性白血病组高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),ALL组高于AML组,差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)...     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿血清25羟维生素D3、乳酸脱氢酶、白细胞介素-6水平与危险度分层和预后不良的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿血清25羟维生素D3（25-OH-D3）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平与危险度分层和预后不良的关系。方法：选择2018年6月至2019年8月在我院住院治疗的ALL患儿60例为病例组,另选取同期到我院健康查体的同龄健康儿童60例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清25-OH-D3和IL-6水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清LDH水平,对比病例组与对照组血清25-OH-D3、LDH、IL-6水平,对比不同危险度分层ALL患儿血清25-OH-D3、LDH、IL-6水平,分析其与危险度分层的相关性。ALL患儿进行规范化治疗,根据治疗结果分为预后良好组和预后不良组,对比预后良好组和预后不良组临床特征及血清25-OH-D3、LDH、IL-6水平,采用COX比例风险回归模型分析预后不良的危险因素。结果：病例组患儿血清25-OH-D3水平低于对照组,血清LDH、IL-6水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。低危型、中危型ALL患儿血清25-OH-D3水平高于高危型,且低危型高于中危型（P＜0.05）;低危型、中危型ALL患儿血清LDH、IL-6水平低于高危型,且低危型低于中危型（P＜0.05）。预后不良组高危型患儿及白细胞计数＞100×10⁹/L的患儿所占比例、血清LDH及IL-6水平高于预后良好组（P＜0.05）,血清25-OH-D3水平低于预后良好组（P＜0.05）。血清25-OH-D3水平与ALL患儿危险度分层呈负相关（P＜0.05）,血清LDH、IL-6水平与ALL患儿危险度分层呈正相关（P＜0.05）。危险度分层及血清25-OH-D3、LDH、IL-6是ALL患儿预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：ALL患儿血清25-OH-D3、LDH、IL-6水平异常改变,与危险度分层相关,是预后不良的危险因素。     

布拉酵母菌散对肝硬化大鼠肠黏膜屏障保护作用的实验研究

目的研究布拉酵母菌散对肝硬化大鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护作用及其可能机制。方法采用皮下注射40%CCL4橄榄油溶液+10%酒精饮料诱导肝硬化模型。造模成功后,治疗组用布拉酵母菌灌胃[75×108CFU/(kg·d)],对照组、模型组给予等容量的生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d。采用鲎试剂终点显色法检测血浆内毒素水平,应用分光光度法测定小肠组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,应用自动生化分析仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)变化。结果模型组血浆内毒素水平[(0.251±0.011)EU/m L]较治疗组[(0.168±0.012)EU/m L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);模型组肠组织DAO活性为(0.432±0.074)U/mg,明显较对照组[(0.728±0.065)U/mg]降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),治疗组DAO活性为(0.548±0.053)U/mg,与模型组相比较,肠DAO活性升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),模型组、治疗组肠组织DAO活性较对照组明显降低(P0.01);模型组血清ALT、AST含量分别为(133.89±8.09)U/m L、(176.92±10.94)U/m L,比对照组ALT、AST含量[(36.73±6.95)U/m L、(41.35±10.07)U/m L]明显升高,P0.01;治疗组[(95.76±7.27)U/m L、(158.02±5.94)U/m L]与模型组相比较,ALT、AST含量下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论肝硬化大鼠存在肠黏膜屏障受损,布拉酵母菌可通过调整肠道菌群,改善肠源性内毒素血症,对肠黏膜屏障起到保护作用,可作为慢性肝病的辅助治疗。     

TK1与LDH联合检测对非霍奇金淋巴瘤鉴别诊断及疗效评估的作用

目的:探讨联合检测血清胸苷激酶1(TK1)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者鉴别诊断及疗效监测中的临床意义。方法:收集2016年1月至2018年6月我院诊治的111例非霍奇金淋巴瘤的初诊患者血清标本,并选择50例正常人血清标本作为对照,采用免疫印迹增强发光法检测TK1浓度,比色法检测LDH浓度。所有患者随访至少1年,分析和比较惰性NHL与侵袭性NHL及各自四类分期之间血清TK1和LDH水平的差异,化疗后完全缓解、部分缓解与未缓解组LDH水平以及NHL患者中血清TK1和LDH的阳性率。结果:高度侵袭性NHL患者和侵袭性NHL患者血清TKI和LDH水平与惰性NHL患者相比显著增高(P0.05),但惰性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与正常组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期侵袭性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者相比显著增高(P0.05)。与化疗前相比,四次化疗后,完全缓解组NHL患者血清LDH水平下降21.05%,部分缓解组为16.66%,病情稳定组血清LDH水平升高至11.54%,三组NHL患者血清LDH水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.008),两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:联合检测血清TK1和LDH水平对于NHL患者的鉴别诊断、疗效评估均具有重要参考价值。     

急性白血病的P16基因表达分析

应用免疫组织化学方法．对61例急性白血病患者P16基因表达进行检测和分析。结果表明：AML和ALL患者的P16表达均显著低于对照组（P＜0.001）,ALLP16表达又显著低于AML（P＜0．05）。AL亚型中P16表达率以M2最高,L3最低。比较耐药组和药敏组,P16表达两组间有显著差异（P＜0．05）,但初诊组与复发组、缓解组与未缓解组比较未见统计学差异（P＞0．05）。上述结果提示：P16基因表达异常在急性白血病的发生、发展中起重要作用,但与白血病患者的治疗和预后无明显关系。     

复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能及AFP、CA199和CEA水平的影响

目的:探讨复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能以及甲胎蛋白(Alpha fetal protein,AFP)、糖类抗原19-9(Carbohydrate antigen19-9,CA199)、癌胚抗原(Cancer embryo antigen,CEA)水平影响。方法:选取我院消化科收治的肝硬化患者98例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组。对照组予以常规保肝治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上予以复方氨基酸注射液治疗。比较两组患者治疗1周及2周后的肝功能以及AFP、CA199及CEA水平的变化情况。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的临床疗效较高(87.04%Vs 72.22%),(P0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗一周后实验组ALT水平较低(195.37±13.42 U/L Vs 154.72±13.44 U/L)、AST水平较低(323.41±21.33 U/L Vs 233.55±21.63 U/L),TB水平较低(125.36±4.26 U/L Vs 108.16±6.45 U/L)(P0.05),治疗两周后,实验组ALT水平较低(124.28±15.84 U/L Vs 78.53±12.55U/L)、AST水平较低(147.15±13.56 U/L Vs 83.42±20.88 U/L),TB水平较低(92.82±9.64 U/L Vs 56.32±7.43)(P0.05)。结论:复方氨基酸能够影响肝硬化患者肝功能,改善患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

乳腺疾病患者血清中肿瘤标志物、细胞因子及唾液酸水平的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺疾病患者血清肿瘤标志物、细胞因子及唾液酸(Sialic acid,SA)水平的变化及临床意义。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年12月本院收治的乳腺疾病患者136例,包括乳腺癌患者(乳腺癌组)81例、良性乳腺疾病患者(良性组)55例,另选同期在本院体检的健康女性(对照组)50例,分别检测3组研究对象的血清肿瘤标志物[Carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA)、Carbohydrate antigen(CA)125、CA153、Tumor Supplied Group of Factors(TSGF)]、血清细胞因子[Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)、Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)1]及血清SA水平。结果:(1)乳腺癌组血清CEA[(23.12±10.04)μg/L]、CA153[(57.63±18.55)U/m L]、CA125[(48.50±16.44)U/m L]、TSGF[(93.25±15.65)U/m L]、VEGF[(136.80±14.95)ng/L]、TGF-β1[(107.29±13.85)ng/L]及SA[(863.40±132.48)mg/L]水平均显著高于良性组和对照组(P0.05);良性组血清VEGF水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),其余指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)乳腺癌Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者血清CEA、CA153、CA125、TSGF、VEGF、TGF-β1及SA水平均明显高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者(P0.05);其中乳腺癌Ⅰ期患者血清TSGF、VEGF及TGF-β1水平均明显低于Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者(P0.05)。(3)乳腺癌患者治疗后3个月且无转移复发者血清CEA、CA153、CA125、TSGF、VEGF、TGF-β1及SA水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.05);转移复发者治疗后各观察指标水平无明显降低或反升。结论:血清肿瘤标志物、血清细胞因子及血清SA水平联合检测有助于鉴别诊断乳腺良、恶性疾病,其中血清TSGF、VEGF及TGF-β1检测对乳腺癌的早期诊断、病情评价及预后具有重要的参考价值。     

参芪扶正注射液对急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗患者造血和免疫功能的影响

目的:观察参芪扶正注射液对急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗患者造血及免疫功能的影响。方法:收集96例处于初治诱导缓解治疗阶段的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者,并将其随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组48例患者在进行常规化疗的同时给予参芪扶正注射液250 m L,1次/天,共28天;对照组48例患者仅接受常规化疗,两组患者均给予相同的支持对症治疗。治疗结束后,观察两组患者的疾病缓解率、治疗前后造血系统、T和B淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。结果:化疗结束后,治疗组患者的疾病缓解率为89.6%,对照组为83.3%,两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);化疗14天及化疗结束后1周,治疗组患者的白细胞、红细胞计数和血红蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);且化疗结束后1周,治疗组患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+含量均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。而两组患者治疗前后的血小板计数、CD3-CD19+含量比较均不具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:参芪扶正注射液辅助治疗不仅能够改善化疗所致的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的骨髓抑制,而且能够提高其细胞免疫功能,有助于患者化疗后的恢复。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.