p16、survivin、cyclin D1 在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因p16、细胞周期蛋白cyclin D1和凋亡抑制基因survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法:膀胱移行细胞癌组67例,10例正常正常膀胱粘膜作为对照,采用免疫组织化学方法检测p16和cyclin D1、survivin蛋白表达,然后分析上述三种蛋白在膀胱癌组织中的表达情况,以及随着不同临床分期和病理分级表达的变化。结果:所有膀胱癌患者平均年龄58.16岁,其中男性患者38例。免疫组织化学分析表明,p16和cyclin D1、survivin蛋白均表达在细胞的细胞核。膀胱癌组织中P16表达明显低于正常对照组,而cyclin D1和survivin表达明显高于正常对照组。随着临床分期的进展,p16表达明显下降,cyclinD1表达明显上升;而随着膀胱癌病理分级升高,p16表达明显下降,survivin表达上升。此外,膀胱癌组织中,p16与cyclin D1p16之间存在着明确的负相关。结论:p16、cyclin D1、survivin在膀胱移行细胞癌的生物学行为中起重要作用,p16,cyclin D1和survivin与膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性进展有关。     

VEGF和p53在肝细胞性肝癌组织中的异常表达与预后的关系

目的:探讨VEGF和p53在肝癌组织中表达与肝癌预后的关系,为肝癌的防治提供新的思路.方法:回顾性分析了2006年1月到2009年8月收治的40例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中VEGF和p53的表达.结果:VEGF和p53阳性表达率在肝癌组分别为62.5％和47.5％,癌旁组分别为22.5％和2.5％,在正常组未检测到VEGF和p53阳性表达,三组之间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);本组40例肝癌患者术后均获随访,22例复发;复发组患者癌组织中VEGF和p53的阳性表达率均高于未复发组,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:在肝癌组织中存在VEGF和p53的异常表达,VEGF和p53异常表达与肝癌的预后密切相关.     

抗凋亡蛋白Survivin和Ki-67在肝癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的:观察抗凋亡蛋白Survivin和Ki-67在原发性肝癌(PHC)中的表达并探讨其临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测34例原发性肝癌组织、14例癌旁正常肝组织中survivin和Ki-67的表达情况.结果:原发性肝癌组织中survivin的阳性表达定位于细胞浆和细胞核,阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常肝组织(P＜0.05);Ki-67的阳性表达主要定位于细胞核,其阳性表达率亦明显高于癌旁正常肝组织(P＜0.05).二者的阳性表达与原发性肝癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无相关性(P＞0.05),与淋巴结转移、组织分化程度及癌栓是否形成有关(P＜0.05);此外,二者在原发性肝癌组织中的表达呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论:Survivin和Ki-67在原发性肝癌组织中表达上调,均与原发性肝癌的组织分化程度及癌栓是否形成密切相关;检测survivin和Ki-67的表达有助于原发性肝癌的预防、治疗和预后评估.     

抑癌基因p53 在肝癌组织中的异常表达及临床意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因p53在肝癌组织中表达及临床意义,为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。方法:回顾性分析了2006年1月～2009年8月收治的40例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中抑癌基因p53的表达,并分析不同肿瘤分化程度患者p53的表达。结果:p53阳性表达率在在肝癌组、癌旁组分别为47.5%和2.5%,在正常组未检测到p53阳性表达,三组之间比较有显著性差异(x2=6.515,P=0.024);高分化癌P53蛋白阳性表达率低,中低分化癌P53蛋白阳性表达率高,组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),中、低分化组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在肝癌组织中存在p53基因的高表达,其阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度有关。     

COTE1在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数及预后的相关性

目的:探究重组人序列相似性家族189成员B(FAM189B,别名COTE1)在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及与肝细胞癌患者预后的相关性。方法:收集59例行肝细胞癌根治术的患者,取其肝细胞癌组织及癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测COTE1表达,分析COTE1表达与临床病理参数的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析COTE1表达与患者预后的关系,并采用COX比例风险回归模型分析预后的影响因素。结果:免疫组织化学法检测结果显示,肝细胞癌组织中37例COTE 1高表达,癌旁组织中24例COTE1高表达,肝细胞癌组织中COTE1的表达率明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);COTE1表达与甲胎蛋白(AFP)值及肿瘤复发情况存在相关性(P<0.05),而与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析发现,COTE1高表达的肝细胞癌患者术后生存期较短(P<0.05)。COX比例风险回归分析发现COTE1表达可以作为影响肝细胞癌患者预后的一个独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:COTE1在肝细胞癌组织中表达高于癌旁组织,COTE1表达可以作为一个独立因素来预测肝细胞癌患者的预后。     

SSBP1在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究SSBP1在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理特征的关系,为肝癌的诊断和预后判断提供参考依据。方法:收集血清乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBVs Ag)阳性的HCC患者组织标本216例,采用免疫组化和Western blot检测癌及癌旁组织中SSBP1的表达水平,并进行统计分析。结果:SSBP1蛋白在癌组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。SSBP1表达水平与肿瘤数量、肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓和肿瘤分级具有显著的相关性(P0.05)。SSBP1低表达患者术后总生存期及无复发生存期明显优于SSBP1高表达的患者(P0.05)。结论:SSBP1在HCC的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,特对患者的预后判断具有一定的参考价值。     

P38和ERK1/2在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨p38（mitogen-activated protein kinase p38,p38）和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2（extracellular reg-ulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2）在不同分化程度肝细胞癌（human hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）中的表达情况,以及两者的相关性。方法通过免疫组化（Envision）法,检测52例肝癌组织及l0例癌旁正常肝脏组织中p38和ERK1/2的表达。结果：p38和ERK1/2在肝癌组织中均有表达,与正常组比较差异有显著性,且阳性率的高低与其分化程度有关,p38在肝癌组织中的表达随分化程度的增高阳性率降低（P〈0.05）;ERK1/2在中、低分化的肝癌组织分别与高分化相比差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）。但低分化与中分化的肝癌组织比较虽也有差异但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。癌组织中p38和ERK1/2的表达呈中度正相关（r=0.703,P〈0.05）。结论HCC中,p38和ERK1/2表达和活性增加,且存在一定的相关性。     

XIAP及survivin在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其相关性研究

目的：探讨X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）和survivin在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及两者的相关性。方法：选取本院收治的60例原发性肝细胞癌患者,应用免疫组织化学染色的方法对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的XIAP及survivin的表达进行检测。结果：经比较,肝癌组织中XAIP及survivin的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义。XIAP和survivin的表达强度与肿瘤的大小无关,但随肿瘤的分化程度的降低而升高,且不同分化程度之间差异有统计学意义;XIAP和survivin存在正相关关系。结论：XIAP与Survivin在肿瘤组织中的高表达在促进肿瘤发生、增殖、转移以及耐药,并且能够降低肿瘤的分化程度,增加肝癌的恶性程度。此外,两者可能存在协同作用,但两者的相关性及作用机制仍需进一步探讨。     

XIAP及survivin 在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其相关性研究

目的：探讨X 连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）和survivin 在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及两者的相关性。方法：选取本院收治的60 例原发性肝细胞癌患者,应用免疫组织化学染色的方法对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的XIAP及survivin 的表达进行检测。结果：经 比较,肝癌组织中XAIP 及survivin 的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义。XIAP 和survivin 的表达强度与肿瘤的大 小无关,但随肿瘤的分化程度的降低而升高,且不同分化程度之间差异有统计学意义;XIAP 和survivin 存在正相关关系。结论： XIAP与Survivin 在肿瘤组织中的高表达在促进肿瘤发生、增殖、转移以及耐药,并且能够降低肿瘤的分化程度,增加肝癌的恶性 程度。此外,两者可能存在协同作用,但两者的相关性及作用机制仍需进一步探讨。     

MMP-2、MMP-9 及P53 的表达在肝移植后肿瘤复发与转移预测中 的价值研究

目的:探讨MMP-2、MMP-9及P53的表达在预测肝癌行肝移植后肿瘤复发与转移中的价值。方法:选择肝癌行全肝移植患者85例,应用免疫组化方法检测其切除的肝癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9及P53的表达,并对患者进行移植术后随访,观察术后肝癌复发与转移情况。分析MMP-2、MMP-9及P53的表达与移植后肝癌复发与转移之间的关系和意义。结果:肝癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9及P53阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.01)。MMP-2表达与肝癌肿瘤直径、TNM分期、病理分级及门静脉癌栓显著相关性(P<0.05),MMP-9表达与肝癌肿瘤直径、TNM分期、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤包膜显著相关性(P<0.05),P53表达与肝癌肿瘤直径、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤包膜显著相关性(P<0.05)。MMP-2、MMP-9在未复发和转移组中的表达明显低于复发和转移组(P<0.05),而P53在两组间的表达差异无显著性(P>0.05)。肝癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9高阳性表达均是预测肝癌患者肝移植后肿瘤复发和转移的独立预见因子,而P53未显示其具有预测意义。结论:MMP-2、MMP-9及P53在肝癌组织中呈高表达,MMP-2、MMP-9的表达水平可以有效预测肝癌患者肝移植后肿瘤复发和转移。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.