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1.
三化螟蚁螟钻蛀行为观察   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
吴进才  徐建祥 《昆虫知识》1999,36(2):101-112
三化螟Tryporrza incertulas 心加r。in。rtulas(Walker)是水稻的主要害虫之一,近年来局部地区种群数量全面回升。有关蚁螟蛀入与水稻生育期、品种的关系,钻蛀行为以及侵入与存活是影响种群数量发展的关键因素等已有许多研究[1-3]。一般认为蚁螟孵化后1小时不能蛀入稻茎,幼虫将会死亡。但随着水稻品种的更新及稻株营养水平的提高,蚁螟的蛀入特性将会有所改变。因而重新观察蚁螟钻蛀行为对认识三化螟种群回升可能有所裨益。1材料与方法5月下旬采集越冬代三化螟成虫产的卵块带回室内让其自…  相似文献   

2.
以Bt水稻华恢1号(Cry1Ac和CryAb融合基因;简称HH1)及其对照亲本明恢63(简称MH63)稻田靶标害虫二化螟Chilosuppressalis和次靶标害虫大螟Sesamia inferens为研究对象,研究了转基因抗虫水稻大田螟虫发生规律及其靶标和次靶标害虫致害力差异。结果表明,Bt水稻及其对照亲本上二化螟或大螟的卵块数量差异不显著,同时,对照亲本上二化螟与大螟的落卵量差异不显著,但Bt水稻上二化螟的落卵量显著大于大螟。与对照亲本相比,Bt水稻上二化螟幼虫发生量显著降低,降幅高达84.9%—100%,但大螟发生量差异不显著;此外,对照亲本上二化螟幼虫发生量显著高于大螟,但Bt水稻上两者差异不显著。同时,Bt水稻上二化螟导致的枯心/白穗率和受害丛率都显著低于其在对照亲本上的致害程度,降幅分别为30.8%—98.3%和11.4%—96.6%,而大螟差异不显著。可见,Bt水稻对靶标害虫二化螟具有较高抗性,而对次靶标害虫大螟的抗性不明显。另一方面,Bt水稻和对照亲本上二化螟导致的枯心/白穗率和受害从率都显著高于大螟。可见,二化螟仍是当前非转基因水稻上的主要害虫,而Bt水稻对二化螟幼虫发生的显著抑制作用以及对大螟幼虫发生的不显著影响,使得其大面积商业化种植下靶标害虫二化螟和次靶标害虫大螟间的竞争替代成为可能。  相似文献   

3.
本文采用活体生测的方法测定了转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻对大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)幼虫的取食、生长以及存活的影响。结果表明,以转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻为食的大螟3龄和5龄幼虫的累计取食量和相对摄食率与对照相比都显著的减少。取食转Bt水稻后,大螟3龄和5龄幼虫体重均出现负增长。随着取食转基因水稻时间的延长,大螟3龄幼虫的校正死亡率可以达到100%,5龄幼虫的校正死亡率达到85%。  相似文献   

4.
苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)是我国重大植物检疫性有害生物,对苹果属以及梨属的水果生产造成严重的危害。该虫以初孵化的1龄幼虫蛀入果肉,在果实内部取食为害并完成发育,老熟幼虫在黑暗中离开果实并寻找场所结茧化蛹。为掌握苹果蠹蛾幼虫进入及脱出果实时的行为特性,从而为实施有效的防治措施提供基础信息,本文在内蒙古格棱布楞滩对苹果蠹蛾幼虫的蛀果与脱果特性开展了详细研究。取得的主要研究结果如下:1)在苹果蠹蛾种群密度较高的情况下,单个果实平均蛀孔数可达5.25个,初期蛀入果实的幼虫在2~8头之间;2)苹果及梨蛀果中的幼虫数量与蛀孔数无关,虽然果实上的最高蛀孔数可达14个,但一般情况下受害果实中的幼虫数不超过3个;3)当果实表面蛀孔数较多时(苹果超过5个,梨超过2个),苹果蠹蛾幼虫向种室钻蛀的行为发生偏移,通常转入在果肉中为害;4)落果后5d内,落果内的幼虫近半数脱果(43.1%),落果后15d内,落果内的幼虫几乎全部脱果(99.9%);5)在脱果幼虫中,94%选择在夜间脱果,6%在日间脱果;6)至试验结束,蛀果中还有64%的幼虫滞留。以上研究结果表明,在种群密度较高的情况下,苹果蠹蛾幼虫存在激烈的种内竞争;及时清除苹果蠹蛾幼虫蛀果后造成的落果对未脱果幼虫有很好的防治效果。  相似文献   

5.
庾琴  杜恩强  封云涛  郭晓君  张润祥  郝赤 《昆虫学报》2019,62(11):1297-1304
【目的】明确梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta在寄主果实上的钻蛀率和蛹重与寄主种类和果实发育阶段的关系,为其田间预测预报和综合防控提供技术依据。【方法】在室内条件下测定了接卵后72 h梨小食心虫初孵幼虫在不同发育阶段的3个种共6个品种水果[苹果Malus pumila (嘎啦苹果), 桃Amygdalus persica (大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃和霞光油桃), 梨Pyrus bretschneideri (砀山酥梨和玉露香梨)]果实上的钻蛀率以及在不同果实状态的4个水果品种(大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃、砀山酥梨和玉露香梨)果实上72 h的钻蛀率;比较了接卵后24 h和72 h初孵幼虫在不同发育阶段的3个苹果品种(嘎啦苹果、富士苹果和金冠苹果)果实上的钻蛀率;并测定了不同发育阶段的金冠苹果、富士苹果、嘎啦苹果、砀山酥梨和丰白毛桃上的梨小食心虫蛹重。【结果】接卵后72 h梨小食心虫初孵幼虫在6个不同水果品种果实上的钻蛀率从高到低依次为:霞光油桃>嘎啦苹果>砀山酥梨>玉露香梨>大久保毛桃>丰白毛桃;除霞光油桃外,其他5个水果品种果实的发育阶段显著影响初孵幼虫钻蛀率。对于嘎啦苹果,接卵后72 h初孵幼虫在其幼果上的钻蛀率最高(73.69%),在其着色期果实上钻蛀率最低(32.51%);在大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃、砀山酥梨和玉露香梨上,接卵后72 h初孵幼虫的钻蛀率均随果实生长发育而增加。初孵幼虫在3 个苹果品种着色期和成熟期果实上的钻蛀率随处理时间的增加而显著下降,而在其幼果上变化不显著。寄主种类及其发育阶段也显著影响梨小食心虫蛹重,成熟毛桃和梨饲养的雌、雄蛹重显著高于未成熟果实饲养的蛹重,着色期苹果不利于蛹重的增加。【结论】果实种类及发育阶段显著影响梨小食心虫初孵幼虫钻蛀率和蛹重,取食成熟期梨和桃的梨小食心虫初孵幼虫钻蛀率和蛹重显著高于取食未成熟果实的个体。  相似文献   

6.
【目的】研究松梢隐翅虫Placusa pinearum林间种群分布及年消长动态,为进一步研究其作为载体昆虫携带天敌开展微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella生物防治提供依据。【方法】2013—2014年,对江苏、安徽地区4个林分进行调查,比较林分、树种、虫害梢直径、蛀道长度、微红梢斑螟虫态对松梢隐翅虫分布的影响,分析其年消长动态。【结果】松梢隐翅虫在不同林分中的分布率:安徽明光老嘉山林场>江苏句容下蜀林场>安徽明光管店松林>安徽明光张八岭松林;在不同树种虫害梢内分布率:马尾松Pinus massoniana>火炬松P.taeda>黑松P.thunbergii。松梢隐翅虫在虫害梢蛀道内的分布与虫害梢直径与蛀道长度显著相关(P<0.01),与微红梢斑螟虫态相关不显著(P>0.05)。松梢隐翅虫主要分布于虫害梢直径4.22~15.36 mm、蛀道长度23.2~354.6 mm的蛀道内,随着虫害梢直径和蛀道长度的增加,虫口密度、分布率呈上升趋势;松梢隐翅虫在各龄微红梢斑螟幼虫及蛹的蛀道内均有分布,3龄幼虫蛀道内的虫口密度及分布率较低。成虫几乎全年可见,盛期为5—7月和9—11月,幼虫盛期为5—8月。【结论】松梢隐翅虫林间种群分布以及年消长主要受微红梢斑螟幼虫数量及其特定生境(微红梢斑螟蛀道)的影响,成虫采集宜在5—7月和9—11月进行。  相似文献   

7.
笔者在绿豆象教学和研究中,总结出一套实用方法,可用于采集绿豆象各龄期幼虫标本,跟踪观察幼虫发育过程,还可粗略估计绿豆象卵的孵化率或侵入率。方法是,将绿豆象产过卵的绿豆放在烧杯中,加清水浸没。将漂浮物捞出,可从中采集到脱离绿豆的成虫和尚未从绿豆中钻出的成虫。有蛀孔或仅着卵及含各龄期幼虫或蛹的绿豆则沉到水底,将其浸泡10分。浸泡后捞出,摊晾约10分,至晾干表面明水后即可观察。不论幼虫刚蛀入绿豆,还是早已蛀入,只要有蛀孔,经浸泡,蛀孔周围种皮都有面积大小不等的突起。突起面积随幼虫蛀入深度增加而增大。也…  相似文献   

8.
水稻钻蛀性害虫主要包括二化螟Chilo suppressalis和大螟Sesamia inferens。目前,对于二化螟和大螟的防治仍主要采用化学药剂。但是,在杀虫药剂的胁迫下,部分螟虫会接触到低剂量的杀虫药剂,导致部分个体产生亚致死效应。为明确亚致死剂量茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺是否对水稻螟虫取食有刺激作用,本实验通过稻苗浸渍法测定这两种农药对水稻螟虫的毒力,确定亚致死剂量LC_(10)和LC_(25),在此基础上分析了两种药剂亚致死剂量对螟虫取食水稻3 d后营养指标的影响。结果表明,茚虫威对二化螟和大螟的LC_(10)分别为5.420、4.707 mg/L;LC_(25)分别为10.246、8.462 mg/L。氯虫苯甲酰胺对二化螟和大螟的LC_(10)分别为7.601、5.517 mg/L;LC_(25)分别为14.361、10.981 mg/L。生长发育和营养指标测定发现,亚致死剂量茚虫威处理二化螟幼虫后,除YLC_(10)处理组的近似消耗率(AD)显著高于对照组外,其余指标与对照组比均无显著差异。亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺处理二化螟幼虫后,除LLC_(25)处理组的体重增加量与对照组无显著差异外,其他处理组食物消耗量和体重增加量均显著上升;除LLC_(25)组的粗生长率(ECI)与对照组无显著差异外,其他处理组近似消耗率和ECI均显著下降。LLC_(10)处理组二化螟幼虫的相对消耗速率(RCR)显著高于对照组。亚致死剂量茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺处理大螟幼虫后,体重增加量显著高于对照组;茚虫威YLC_(10)和氯虫苯甲酰胺LLC_(25)处理组的相对生长速率(RGR)、相对消耗速率(RCR)显著高于对照组。对比各组干物质积累曲线,我们发现除氯虫苯甲酰胺LLC_(10)处理组外,其余处理组的二化螟幼虫干/鲜比大于对照组,说明这些处理组幼虫取食水稻后干物质积累比对照组快;除茚虫威LC_(25)处理组外,其余处理组的大螟幼虫取食水稻后干物质积累比对照组快。研究结果初步证明了亚致死剂量(LC_(10)、LC_(25))茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻螟虫取食、营养、消耗等指标存在一定影响,某种程度上能够刺激水稻螟虫的取食和生长发育。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究松梢隐翅虫Placusa pinearum林间种群分布及年消长动态,为进一步研究其作为载体昆虫携带天敌开展微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella生物防治提供依据。【方法】2013—2014年,对江苏、安徽地区4个林分进行调查,比较林分、树种、虫害梢直径、蛀道长度、微红梢斑螟虫态对松梢隐翅虫分布的影响,分析其年消长动态。【结果】松梢隐翅虫在不同林分中的分布率:安徽明光老嘉山林场江苏句容下蜀林场安徽明光管店松林安徽明光张八岭松林;在不同树种虫害梢内分布率:马尾松Pinus massoniana火炬松P.taeda黑松P.thunbergii。松梢隐翅虫在虫害梢蛀道内的分布与虫害梢直径与蛀道长度显著相关(P0.01),与微红梢斑螟虫态相关不显著(P0.05)。松梢隐翅虫主要分布于虫害梢直径4.22~15.36 mm、蛀道长度23.2~354.6 mm的蛀道内,随着虫害梢直径和蛀道长度的增加,虫口密度、分布率呈上升趋势;松梢隐翅虫在各龄微红梢斑螟幼虫及蛹的蛀道内均有分布,3龄幼虫蛀道内的虫口密度及分布率较低。成虫几乎全年可见,盛期为5—7月和9—11月,幼虫盛期为5—8月。【结论】松梢隐翅虫林间种群分布以及年消长主要受微红梢斑螟幼虫数量及其特定生境(微红梢斑螟蛀道)的影响,成虫采集宜在5—7月和9—11月进行。  相似文献   

10.
<正> 原文中写到红颈天牛幼虫的生物学特性时提出:“幼虫一生钻蛀隧道长可达50—60厘米,隔一定距离于树皮上蛀一通气排粪孔;……。”和“幼虫老熟时于隧道端,木质部内,蛀椭圆形蛹室,头向上化蛹。”的两点生活习性,我们有不同看法。以在安徽合肥地区多年(自1974年起)观察红颈天牛的生物学特性结果,提供商讨: 一、红颈天牛初龄幼虫绝大部分在韧皮部和木质部间蛀食,于皮层下蛀成弯曲不规则浅沟状隧道,黄褐色虫粪堆积在隧道内,从树皮外不易觉察。初龄幼虫活动时期,有时于树皮外也发现少而细的虫粪从幼虫蛀入孔或通气孔排出,但多半自表层裂缝处排出。1979  相似文献   

11.
辽河流域栽培稻对二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)的抗性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郝丽霞  韩永强  侯茂林  廖晓兰 《生态学报》2008,28(12):5987-5993
采用活体成株鉴定法测定了辽河流域主栽水稻品种对二化螟发育和为害的影响,同时测定了不同品种的主要形态特性、硅细胞数量和主要生化特性,评价这些品种对二化螟的抗性、分析其发生的可能机制。盐丰47对二化螟幼虫表现出较好的抗性,在沈农265上二化螟幼虫体重最小。在所测定的特性中,螟害株率与不同品种倒二叶叶角的自然对数之间具有显著的正相关关系,与稻茎Si含量之间具有显著的负线性相关关系;二化螟幼虫体重只与不同品种稻茎直径之间具有显著的正线性相关关系.研究结果对水稻品种杭件利用和未来水稻抗件育种的意义。  相似文献   

12.
以人工饲料、转Bt水稻"克螟稻"(cry1Ab纯和基因型)及其对照亲本"秀水11"稻苗为供试寄主植物开展二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)1~5龄幼虫的室内饲养试验,以明确不同龄期二化螟种群的生活史参数。试验结果表明:二化螟在低龄时死亡率最高。克螟稻对二化螟各个龄期表现出高抗性,其各个龄期在克螟稻上均不能化蛹,随着龄期的增加二化螟的耐受性增强。以秀水11和人工饲料饲养二化螟对其蛹期、成虫期、单雌产卵量、羽化率的影响无显著性差异,以人工饲料饲养的二化螟蛹重显著高于以秀水11饲养的二化螟的蛹重,蛹重与人工饲料饲养时间呈正相关。与秀水11幼苗相比,人工饲料饲养下有利于二化螟雌虫的分化。  相似文献   

13.
Bt与锐劲特混用防治水稻二化螟的效果评价   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
范仰东  莫小平 《昆虫知识》2001,38(4):273-275
Bt与锐劲特混用对水稻二化螟有较显著的防治效果。每 667m2 用Bt2 5g加锐劲特 1 5mL ,防治第 1 ,3代二化螟 ,适期在 2~ 3龄幼虫盛期 ,一般情况下 1次施药即能控制全代二化螟的危害  相似文献   

14.
研究了二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)对优质香稻鄂香1号和武香988及优质常规中稻鄂中5号的田间为害特性。结果显示,1代二化螟危害造成的枯心苗数优质香稻略低于优质常规中稻。2代二化螟危害造成的枯孕穗和白穗优质香稻鄂香1号低于常规中稻,平均每15丛7.91株。田间剥查发现优质香稻中4~5龄2代二化螟所占百分比高于常规中稻,武香988中2代二化螟蛹所占比例高于常规中稻,达46.51%。3代二化螟量优质香稻低于常规中稻。结果说明香稻受二化螟的危害集中在2代,因而香稻二化螟的防治应注意消灭1代老熟幼虫和2代幼虫。  相似文献   

15.
The use of selective insecticides in rice, Oryza sativa L., fields often causes resurgence of nontarget pest insects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two selective insecticides, buprofezin and imidacloprid, on Tryporyza incertulas (Walker), a nontarget pest. After larval feeding on rice plants treated with each insecticide, fecundity, ovary protein content, and titer of juvenile hormone III (JHIII) in the resulting female moths were determined with 'Xiushui 63' rice susceptible to T. incertulas and 'Zhendao 2' moderately resistant to T. incertulas. The fecundity of females developed from larvae that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 plants was stimulated compared with that of moths from larvae that fed on rice plants that were not treated with either insecticide. There was no stimulating effect in females from larvae that fed on insecticide-treated Zhendao 2 plants. The weight of fourth instars (final instars) that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 rice plants was significantly greater than that of control, increasing by 50.3 and 46.7% for 60 and 112.5 g (AI) ha(-1) buprofezin, and by 23.7 and 19.5% for 15 and 37.5 g (AI) ha(-1) imidacloprid treatments, respectively. Ovary protein content in adult females developed from larvae that fed on the rice treated with the high dose of buprofezin was significantly higher than that in control. For the high and low doses of imidacloprid during the second instar, and the low dose of imidacloprid during the fourth instar, JHIII titers in female adults were also significantly higher than that in control, increasing by 152.81, 90.52, and 114.19%, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
1. Ontogenetic shifts in predator behaviour can affect the assessment of food‐web structure and the development of predator–prey models. Therefore, it is important to establish if the functional response and interference interactions differ between life‐stages. These hypotheses were tested by (i) comparing the functional response of second, third, fourth and fifth larval instars of Rhyacophila dorsalis, using three stream tanks with one Rhyacophila larva per tank and one of 10 prey densities between 20 and 200 larvae of Chironomus sp.; (ii) using other experiments to assess interference within instars (two to five larvae of the same instar per tank), and between pairs of different instars (one, two or three larvae per instar; total predator densities of two, four or six larvae per tank). 2. The first hypothesis was supported. The number of prey eaten by each instar increased with prey density, the relationship being described by a type II model. The curvilinear response was stronger for fourth and fifth instars than for second and third instars. Mean handling time did not change significantly with prey density, and increased with decreasing instar number from 169 s for fifth instars to 200 s for second instars. Attack rate decreased progressively with decreasing instar number. Handling time varied considerably for each predator–prey encounter, but was normally distributed for each predator instar. Variations in attack rate and handling time were related to differences in activity between instars, fourth and fifth instars being more active and aggressive than second and third instars, and having a higher food intake. 3. The second hypothesis was partially supported. In the interference experiments between larvae of the same instar or different instars, mean handling time did not change significantly with increasing predator density, and attack rate did not change for second and third instars but decreased curvilinearly for fourth and fifth instars. Interference between some instars could not be studied because insufficient second instars were available at the same time as fourth and fifth instars, and most third instars were eaten by fourth and fifth instars in the experiments. Prey capture always decreased with decreasing attack rate. Therefore, interference reduced prey consumption in fourth and fifth instars, but not in second and third instars. The varying feeding responses of different instars should be taken into account when assessing their role in predator–prey relationships in the field.  相似文献   

17.
甲基紫精(MV)介导的光氧化导致两个水稻品种‘汕优63’(目前我国大面积推广的杂交水稻)和‘培矮64S/E32’(新培育的超高产杂交水稻)细胞电解质渗漏率都增加,前者增加的量大于后者,显示‘培矮64S/E32’的细胞膜系统受光氧化的伤害小。光氧化条件下,‘培矮64S/E32’仍能维持较高的光合放氧能力(Amax、Φi)、PSⅡ活性(Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ)和叶绿素荧光猝灭系数(qP、NPQ),而且光氧化引起‘培矮64S/E32’这些参数的下降幅度也小。另外,光氧化导致了两个水稻品种抗氧化酶SOD和APX活性增加,‘培矮64S/E32’增加的幅度约为‘汕优63’的3倍。结果表明超高产水稻具有更强的耐光氧化能力。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract:  Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hym., Braconidae) is an important parasitoid of early instar larvae of the European cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lep., Noctuidae). In the laboratory, we examined attack responses of female M. mediator to the first three larval instars of M. brassicae . Females were presented with M. brassicae larvae either one individual at a time in a no-choice experiment, or three individuals, one from each instar, simultaneously in a choice experiment. Whether or not there was choice, naïve female parasitoids attacked a high proportion of larvae and did not discriminate among instars. In the no-choice experiment, attacked larvae were reared, and parasitoid cocoons were produced from about 76% of larvae attacked as first and second instars, but from only 19% of larvae attacked as third instars. Dissections of attacked larvae from the choice experiment showed that about 79% of attacks on first and second instars resulted in oviposition compared with only 49% for third instars. When given choice, frequency and number of attacks on first instar larvae increased with increasing parasitoid experience. Our results suggest that first and second instar larvae of M. brassicae are suitable hosts for M. mediator , but that third instar larvae are suboptimal both because oviposition attempts were frequently unsuccessful and because immature parasitoids failed to complete development. Nevertheless, naïve attacking parasitoids exhibited minimal discrimination among instars, although experienced parasitoids most frequently attacked first instar larvae. The host selection behaviour of M. mediator is discussed in the context of optimal foraging theory and implications for biological control.  相似文献   

19.
In order to explore the possible physiological mechanism of high temperature induced sterility in rice, we examined the floret sterility and endogenous plant growth regulator contents in pollens of two hybrid rice cultivars Shanyou63 and Teyou559 that are tolerant and susceptible to high temperature, respectively. Indexes of floret sterility, pollen activity, and variation of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acids (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), free proline and soluble proteins in anthers were measured. We found that during the course of high temperature treatment, both cultivars exhibited a marked decrease in pollen activity, pollen germination and floret fertility; however, the high temperature tolerant Shanyou63 showed a much slower rate of decrease than the high temperature susceptible Teyou559. In addition, anthers of both cultivars displayed a decrease in the contents of IAA, GAs, free proline and soluble proteins but an increase in the ABA content. Yet compared to Teyou559, Shanyou63 retained significantly higher levels of free praline and GAs and a lower level of ABA, along with higher pollen vigour and pollen germination rate even after prolonged high temperature treatment. Our study suggests a possible correlation between pollen viability/floret sterility and high temperature-caused changes in IAA, GAs, ABA, free proline and soluble protein contents. The severity in these changes may reflect the variation of rice cultivars in their heat stress sensitivities for floret development.  相似文献   

20.
在实验室中以转cry1Ab基因水稻 克螟稻 1号为材料 ,研究了不同温度下Bt水稻对二化螟Chilosuppressalis (Walker) 3龄和 5龄幼虫取食、生长及其存活的影响。结果表明 ,不同温度下 3龄和 5龄幼虫取食Bt水稻后 ,其取食量、体重增长和存活率均极显著低于对照。温度对 3龄幼虫取食、生长和存活无显著影响 ,但对 5龄幼虫的取食和体重增长则有显著影响。幼虫死亡率与其取食Bt水稻的累积食量间存在着正相关关系。  相似文献   

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