云南曲靖志留纪罗德洛世真盔甲鱼类一新属(英文)

记述了云南曲靖潇湘区关底组(志留系罗德洛统)真盔甲鱼类一新属、新种——长孔盾鱼(Dunyu longiforus gen.et sp.nov.),丰富了以梦幻鬼鱼为代表的潇湘脊椎动物群的组成。该新属具真盔甲鱼科的鉴别特征:后眶上管和中背管二者连续过渡,后端两侧辏合呈"U"字形,侧背管仅发出3条侧横管。新属内角缺如,这一特征过去在真盔甲鱼科中仅见于真盔甲鱼属。新属区别于真盔甲鱼属的主要特征有:角向后方延伸,呈棘状或叶状;头甲最宽处位于角末端之前,宽长比小于1.1;中背孔末端超越眶孔后缘连线。基于对秀山真盔甲鱼头甲标本的重新观察,将秀山真盔甲鱼归入盾鱼属。新种区别于秀山盾鱼(Dunyu xiushanensis)的特征有:个体较大,头甲长大于宽;角呈棘状;眶孔位置相对靠前,头甲眶前区与眶后区的长度之比小于0.75;多边形崮状瘤点,较大,长可超过2mm。     

安徽上新五褶兔两新种及淮南上新五褶兔化石(英文)

近年,作者在安徽淮南大居山陆续发现了数量很多的上新五褶兔化石,其中包括保存较完整的数十个头骨及上百个下颌骨,均产自新洞、无名洞及铁四局洞穴、裂隙堆积,分别记述为大居山上新五褶兔Pliopentalagus dajushanensis sp.nov.和安徽上新五褶兔Pl.anhuiensis sp.nov.两新种。淮南地区的晚新生代洞穴和裂隙堆积十分发育,其中常含有丰富的脊椎动物化石,而且在时、空分布上有一定的规律。区内洞穴和裂隙堆积垂直分布至少有6个水平层,最高的第6层海拔高度为160 m(如大居山老洞),第5层(如大居山新洞、无名洞)及第4层(如大居山铁四局洞穴)的海拔高度分别为130 m和90 m,属于新近纪,常含有丰富的上新五褶兔化石;第3层为第四纪早期(如大居山西裂隙),未见上新五褶兔,代之出现丝绸兔(Sericolagus sp.),第2层为中更新世(如大顶山西裂隙),出现野兔(Lepus sp.)。迄今为止,安徽淮南地区共发现了3种上新五褶兔化石,即淮南上新五褶兔Pl.huainanensis (金昌柱,2004)、大居山上新五褶兔Pl.dajushanensis sp.nov.及安徽上新五褶兔Pl. anhuiensis sp.nov.,至少涉及了3个不同地质时期的动物群:一为Pl.huainanensis,Kowalskia neimengensis,Adcrocuta eximia等代表的老洞晚中新世动物群,二为Pl.dajushanensis sp.nov.和Promimomys asiaticus等代表的新洞早上新世动物群,三为Pl.anhuiensis sp.nov.和Kowalskia yinanensis所代表的晚上新世动物群。淮南地区发现的3种上新五褶兔地史分布较连续,演化特征明显,它们构成上新五褶兔连续的进化系列。从晚中新世至晚上新世,淮南大居山上新五褶兔体型从小变大;p3较原始的釉岛状后内褶沟逐渐向舌侧开放(晚中新世种Pl. huainanensis的后内褶沟均为釉岛状,早上新世种Pl.dajushanensis为83.9%,晚上新世种Pl. anhuiensis为33.3%);p4-m2的前外褶沟逐渐退化,其下跟座舌侧的釉质层越来越变细。依性状分析,安徽发现的3种上新五褶兔化石与日本琉球奄美黑兔(Pentalagus furnessi)具有密切的亲缘关系,但从日本奄美黑兔的p4-m2完全缺失前外褶沟、颊齿褶沟釉质层的褶曲异常复杂等衍生性状看,上新五褶兔和奄美黑兔的系统演化关系较为复杂,尚有待发现更多早更新世的材料进一步探讨。     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

记述了产自四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世峨眉龙属一新种——焦氏峨眉龙(Omeisaurus jiaoisp.nov.)。新种为大型蜥脚类恐龙,以如下特征区别于其他蜥脚类:前、中部背椎为典型的后凹型,后部背椎为双平型,背椎神经棘呈高大棒状,不分叉;尾椎为弱双凹型,第一尾椎不具扇形尾肋;第一脉弧短小且与第一尾椎关联;锁骨长大;肱骨和股骨细长而圆实;肱骨与股骨长度之比为0.83,尺骨与肱骨长度之比为0.72,胫骨与股骨长度之比为0.63。     

大叉飞虱属种类检索表及一新种记述(半翅目,飞虱科)

大叉飞虱属Ecdelphax Yang种类主要分布在我国,目前已知有5种,其中包括1新种.本文编有分种检索表,并对新种钩突大叉飞虱E.anconaea sp.nov.进行了记述.新种阳茎鞭节端部分岔,显示与大叉飞虱Ecervina (Muir)近缘,但前者根据臀刺突呈钩状可与后者和属内的其它种类区别.提供了成虫和雄虫外生殖器特征的照片.新种模式标本采自西藏墨脱上亚东村;保存在南京农业大学昆虫标本室.     

FIRST REPORT ON FOUR GENERA OF ANTILLOCORINI (INSECTA,HETEROPTERA, LYGAEOIDEA, RHYPAROCHROMIDAE) FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

微小长蝽族Antillocorini为半翅目地长蝽科内较小的一个族.全世界已纪录29属(Slater& O'Dornell,1995),约有半数以上的属分布在新热带区.中国原记载有l属,微小长蝽属Botocudo Kirkaldy,本文新增平长蝽属Baeocoris Slater,波长蝽属Lethaeaster Breddin,雷长蝽属Lethaeastroides Malipatil & Woodward和凹长蝽属Siniasinensis Scudder在中国的分布纪录,包含中国4新纪录种:柔平长蝽Baeocoris mollicuslus Slater,1983,尖角雷长蝽Lethaeastroides sarawakensis Malipatil＆ Woodward,1989,翁雷长蝽Lethaeastroides vooni Malipatil &Woodward,1989和短凹长蝽Siniasinensis brevis (Motschulsky,1863).描述了l新种,斑盾波长蝽Lethaeaster maculatum sp.nov.,提供了新种的整体图,形态特征图和雄性外生殖器图.文中给出中国微小长蝽族分属检索表.斑盾波长蝽,新种 Lethaeaster maculatum sp.nov.(图1-5)新种革片中部无贯穿革片的深色横斑,与Lethaeaster helvipennis Bergroth和Lethaeaster oenonotum Slater相似.但Lethaeaster helvipennis Bergroth触角黄褐色,第3节基部和第4节黑褐色,触角第1节与第3节等长,小盾片端部2/3全部浅黄色,而新种触角一色黄褐色,第1节短于第3节,小盾片端部具“V”型淡色斑.Lethaeaster oenonotum Slater触角红褐色,第1节黄色,头较窄,头宽不及触角第1节长的2倍(66:42,Slater,1983),而新种触角一色,头较宽,头宽大于触角第1节长的2倍,而且二者雄性外生殖器的特征不同,Lethaeaster oenonotum Slater生殖节的背面向后伸出一片状结构(lip),抱握器叶片向端部明显变尖,外突圆,而新种生殖节背面无上述片状结构,抱握器叶片较直,且端部钝圆,外突略呈截型.正模♂,广西那坡德孚,海拔1 350 m,2000-05-19,李文柱采.副模:1 ♂,同正模:1♂,3♀♀,广西大新,海拔280 m,1998-03-29,李文柱、武春生采;2♀♀,广西防城扶隆,海拔240 m,1998-04-20,武春生采.新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.词源:新种种名以其小盾片具浅色斑“maculatum”而命名.     

DISTRIBUTION OF DIATOMS IN THE PLANKTON OF YAQUINA ESTUARY,OREGON1

The distributional patterns of diatoms in the plankton of the Yaqnina Estuary, Oregon, were, investigated and related to selected climatic and hydrographic factors. Distribution was strongly influenced by seasonal patterns of rainfall resulting in the introduction of a large volume of fresh water into the estuary during fall and winter. Plankton assemblages in spring, summer and fall had fewer diatom species and exhibited a more rapid rate of change in species composition than in winter. Winter assemblages were further characterized by many pennate diatoms, apparently dislodged from the benthos during periods of high freshwater discharge and silt loads. A statistical measure of community difference indicated an increase in taxonomic homogeneity among assemblages throughout the estuary with the onset of the rainy season in late fall and a gradual transition to a more heterogeneous system again during late spring. Canonical correlation ordered 20 prominent diatom taxa along the salinity gradient and identified possible relationships among certain taxa and selected environmental variables, namely visible light energy and temperature. Redundancy in the species data given the environmental data was only 40%, emphasizing the difficulty in demonstrating a quantitive relationship between plankton dynamics in the field and concurrent measurements of chemical and physical variables.     

过硫酸铵-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺体系产生的氧自由基及其清除的研究

应用ESR和自旋捕集相结合的技术直接测定了过硫酸铵—N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基,经计算机波谱模拟和计算波谱参数证实该体系产生的氧自由基是O_2~-和·OH。并用维生素C、茶多酚、超氧化物歧化酶等氧自由基清除剂,从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法、化学发光法和脂质过氧化法不同角度研究了AP-TEMED体系在自由基研究方面的应用意义。     

现生毛猬Neotetracus属与Hylomys及Neohylomys属齿系和颅骨的比较(英文)

鼩猬属Neotetracus是毛猬亚科Hylomyinae中一个个体小、对其知之甚少的成员。本文对其齿系(包括乳齿)和颅骨的特征进行了描述,并与毛猬属Hylomys及毛猬类其他近亲的齿系和颅骨形态进行了相应比较。由于现生的鼩猬属为一单型属,其惟一的种Neotetracus sinensis被一些研究者归入毛猬属,本文之所以进行这样的比较,目的是为了弄清楚这种归并是否合理。Neohylomys hainanensis是毛猬类的另一属种,亦有学者将其归入Hylomys属。尽管这一属种的材料不多,在此同样作了比较研究。比较表明,毛猬亚科上述三属间在齿列上的几乎每一颗牙齿和某些头骨形态上都有明显的差别,研究的结果为保留Neotetracus,Neohylomys和Hylomys属的独立存在提供了证据,并根据这三个属在形态上的差异对其相互间的进化水平进行了评估。现代的毛猬亚科动物生活在亚洲东南部一个相对小的地区,总共有5属6种。地史上,特别是在中、晚中新世期间,这一亚科几乎散布整个北半球,从亚洲到欧洲和北非,从旧大陆到新大陆都有其踪迹。那时的种类也比现在的多,迄今描述的化石已有9属47种。因此,有理由认为毛猬亚科是一类孑遗动物。毛猬亚科分布地区缩小的原因还不清楚,为了探讨和认识这一有意思的课题,本文对其历史和分布做了简要的阐述。     

HOST-RANGE,PLAQUE-MORPHOLOGY STUDIES OF CYANOPHAGE LPP-11

Transduction by temperate cyanophage plays an important role in understanding the effects of environmental pollution on genetic function. Using a new isolate, this paper illustrates the influence of contaminants and the rapid variations that result as a virus particle passes through successive hosts. Host-range and plaque-morphology, using an extended range of genetically-differing hosts, compares archetype LPP-1 cyanophage cultured on microbially contaminated hosts with bacteria-free cyanophage cultured on pure host strains. Microbial contamination can alter the host-range and serology of the cyanophage produced. It is suggested that bacteria are involved in the virus infection of cyanophycean hosts and that the study of host-range and plaque-morphology can aid in the biological characterization and segregation of mutants illustrating mechanisms of inter generic transfer of genetic material. It is shown that derivatives of archetype LPP-1, cultured on axenic hosts, possess a host-range, plaque-morphology and serology similar or identical to that of the temperate cyanophage, S3.     

盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属

在安徽省黄山杜鹃［Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｍａｃｕｌｉｆｅｒｕｍ　Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．ｓｓｐ．ａｎｈｗｅｉｅｎｓｅ（Ｗｉｌｓ．）Ｃｈａｍｂ.］上发现盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属（ＮｅｏｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓＹ．RＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ）。对该属及其模式种──杜鹃新齿裂茵（ＮｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｉＹ．ＲＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ　Ｌｉ）进行了描述和讨论。主模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）．     

双链聚乙二醇与超氧化物歧化酶共价结合物的理化和免疫学性质

用三聚氯氰活化单甲氧基聚乙二醇,得到了双链聚乙二醇(PEGm₂).以PEGm₂修饰牛血Cu,Zn-SOD,得到了氨基修饰率为30％,残余活力为80％的纯PEGm₂-SOD.修饰酶的荧光光谱及圆二色谱均有改变;盐酸胍变性及胃蛋白酶水解实验结果表明,修饰酶的稳定性高于天然酶;免疫学实验表明,与天然酶比较,修饰酶的免疫原性及抗原抗体反应性大为降低.     

THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF ENTOCLADIA VIRIDIS MOTILE CELLS,AND THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE RESURRECTED FAMILY ULVELLACEAE (ULVALES,CHLOROPHYTA)1

The flagellar apparatuses of the quadriflagellate zoo-spores and biflagellate female gametes of the marine chaetophoracean alga Entocladia viridis Reinke are significantly different from those of algae belonging to Chaetophoraceae sensu stricto, but closely resemble those of ulvacean genera. These differences permit the taxonomic reassignment of certain marine chaetophoracean genera and an evaluation of the flagellar apparatus features used to characterize the class Ulvophyceae. Critical features of the zoospore include arrangement of the four basal bodies into an upper and a lower pair with the proximal ends of the upper basal bodies overlapping, terminal caps, proximal sheaths connected to one another by striated bands, and a cruciate microtubular rootlet system having a 3-2–3-2 alternation pattern and striated microtubule-associated components that accompany the two-membered rootlets. An indistinct distal fiber occurs just anterior to the basal bodies, and is closely associated with the insertion into the flagellar apparatus of the three-membered rootlets. The flagellar apparatus demonstrates 180° rotational symmetry, and its components show counterclockwise absolute orientation when viewed from above. Newly described features include the prominently bilobed structure of the terminal caps on the upper basal body pair, and the presence of both a granular zone and an additional single microtubule anterior to each of the four rootlets, an arrangement termed the “stacked rootlet configuration.” Rhizoplasts were not observed and are presumed to be absent. The gamete is identical, except for the absence of the lower basal body pair and the presence of an electron-dense membrane associated structure that resembles the mating structure found in Ulva gametes. These findings, correlated with life history data, sporangial and gametangial structure and developmental patterns, chloroplast pigment arrays, and vegetative cell ultrastructural features, compel the removal of Entocladia viridis and similar members of the marine Chaetophoraceae to a separate family, the Ulvellaceae. The latter is referred to the order Ulvales of the Ulvophyceae. The counterclockwise absolute orientation of components, and terminal caps, may be the most consistent flagellar apparatus features of ulvophycean green algae, while variations in other features previously considered diagnostic for the Ulvophyceae may serve instead to identify discrete lineages within this class.     

木兰科（Magnoliaceae）的起源、进化和地理分布

木兰科为亚洲－美洲间断分布科,全世界有１５属,２４６种,主要分布于亚洲东南部的热带、亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南达新几内亚及新不列颠;少数种类分布于北美东南部、中美至南美巴西．中国有１１属,约９９种．木兰科的现代分布中心在东亚－东南亚地区．根据木兰科的化石记录、系统发育和现代分布,推测其起源时间为早白垩纪,甚至更早．起源地可能在中国的西南地区,并由此向外辐射,向东经日本、俄罗斯远东地区经白令陆桥进入北美;向西经西亚、欧洲,通过格陵兰进入北美,然后到达南美;向南经印度支那、马来西亚,直至新几内亚．东亚－北美间断分布的形成是受第四纪冰期的影响;南美的木兰科是从北美迁移而来．     

新疆玛纳斯古近纪—新的鲤科鱼类

记述了新疆玛纳斯古近纪安集海河组发现的鲤科(Cyprinidae)一新属、种——刘氏天山鱼(Tianshanicus liui gen.et sp.nov.)。新属具有臀鳍分叉鳍条多于7根、体长形稍侧扁、口端位、下咽齿近锥形而齿尖前后略侧扁、背鳍和臀鳍均无硬棘、背鳍起点略在腹鳍起点之后以及尾鳍深分叉等特征,表明它应属于雅罗鱼亚科(Leuciscinae sensu Cavender & Coburn,1992)。然而,它又具有额骨前宽后窄、顶骨长方形、膜质蝶耳骨很大、齿骨冠状突较低、鳃盖骨近长方形等特征而有别于本亚科中其他属。值得注意的是,这些特征却见诸于现生的胭脂鱼类Myxocyprinus中,这将对研究雅罗鱼类的起源很有意义。根据鱼化石和哺乳化石的证据,认为含鱼层的时代为晚始新世。     

STRUCTURE,LIFE HISTORY AND SYSTEMATICS OF RHOICOSPHENIA (BACILLARIOPHYTA). II. AUXOSPORE FORMATION AND PERIZONIUM STRUCTURE OF RH. CURVATA1

Reproduction in Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kütz.) Grun. is isogamous. The two auxospores formed expand parallel to the apical axes of the gametangial cells. Expansion is bipolar and leads to the formation of a slightly curved, tapering cell, in which the initial valves are laid down. The perizonium consists of transverse and longitudinal bands. The transverse series, of 35 or so bands, is laid down centrifugally as the auxospore expands and can be classified into three groups on the basis of band morphology. All except the central band are open hoops, orientated so that their ends lie in the midline of the less convex, ventral side of the auxospore. The bands have fimbriate margins on one or both sides, and overlap one another from center to either pole. The longitudinal series includes 5 bands—a wide central band, with two on either side: again, the bands overlap one another from the center outwards. The initial epivalve of the new generation forms beneath the dorsal side of the auxospore, on the opposite side from the longitudinal perizonial series. Comparisons are made with other genera and the relevance of auxospore studies to an understanding of diatom morphogenesis is discussed.     

STRUCTURE,LIFE HISTORY AND SYSTEMATICS OF RHOICOSPHENIA (BACILLARIOPHYTA). I. THE VEGETATIVE CELL OF RH. CURVATA1

Rhoicosphenia Grun. has been placed by some authors in the monoraphid group with Achnanthes Bory and Cocconeis Ehrenb., and by others near Gomphonema Ehrenb. In order to clarify the systematic position of the genus, the morphology and anatomy of the vegetative cells of Rh. curvata (Kütz.) Grun. were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The structure and formation of the two types of valve are described, and the heterovalvy shown to be of a different type from that of the monoraphids; on the basis of raphe, valve and girdle structure a close relationship between these and Rhoicosphenia is unlikely. Rhoicosphenia shows many resemblances to Gomphonema but the types of pore occlusion present, coupled with apparently slight differences in the mucilage-secreting structures and the girdle, suggest that classification in the same family is unwise. The cryptic asymmetry of the valves, and in particular of the raphe system, is noted and explained with reference to their formation; with respect to this asymmetry two configurations of the valves can occur (named cis and trans types) and the distribution of these in raphid genera is discussed briefly. In view of the lack of evidence in raphid diatoms supporting a classification of bands into copulae and pleurae, it is recommended that this practice be suspended.     

记河北赤城上侏罗统-下白垩统土城子组窄足龙-巨齿龙(兽脚类恐龙)足迹组合及其古生态学意义(英文)

记述了河北省赤城县落凤沟化石点163个窄足龙足迹(Therangospodus isp.)。当该地区洪水泛滥时,同样的造迹者留下了5个游泳迹。一个异常大的足迹和一道疑似尾迹被归入巨齿龙足迹(Megalosauripus isp.)。土城子组7个主要足迹化石点表明,兽脚类的似鹬龙足迹型(Grallator morphotype)占据主导地位,这些足迹型的大小在各个足迹化石点都有着特定的范围。如果这些大小不同的足迹属于同一种造迹者,则暗示着同年龄的成员在特定年龄时会共同栖息在一起,在动物行为学上类似现生的一些蜥蜴和短吻鳄;如果这些足迹由不同的造迹者组成,则暗示着不同大小的种(主要表现在小型动物)可能拥有自己的领地,并特意避免与其他动物(特别是大型动物)相接触,在动物行为学上类似现生的肉食性哺乳动物。     

云南东部中三叠世始鳍龙类—新属种(英文)

根据一保存完整的骨骼(包括头骨、下颌和全部头后骨骼)建立了鳍龙类的一新属新种——利齿滇东龙(Diandongosaurus acutidentatus gen.et sp.nov.)。标本采自云南省罗平县中三叠世安尼期关岭组上段。新属种既具有肿肋龙类(包括Dactylosaurus,Anarosaurus,Serpianosaurus和Neusticosaurus)吻部两侧不收缩、眶前区域长于眶后区域、眼眶大于上颞孔等典型特征,同时又具有幻龙类(包括Simosaurus和nothosaurians)前颌和下颌前部犬齿型齿发育、上颌具1或2个犬齿型齿等典型特征。新种的额骨和顶骨均愈合,额骨两后外侧支的末端后延超过上颞孔前缘,轭骨和鳞骨相交将眶后骨排除于下颞孔之外,方轭骨发育,锁骨前外侧缘具一突起,3对荐肋以及最前部尾肋的外侧端均未见明显收缩。这些特征也多表现出肿肋龙类和幻龙类的混合特征。此外,新种还具有一些较为独特的特征,包括前额骨和后额骨沿眼眶背缘相交,第3至第8对尾肋的长度超过荐肋,后肢末端发育异常膨大的爪趾骨。系统关系分析表明,滇东龙既不是肿肋龙类也不是幻龙类;它可能与由乌蒙龙、幻龙类和传统的肿肋龙类所构成的分支亲缘关系最近,为始鳍龙类基干类群。     

美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统北方阔齿兽(犬齿兽类:横齿兽科)的齿系和牙齿替换(英文)

描述了产自美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统横齿兽类北方阔齿兽新材料的牙齿。基于牙齿的特征,尤其是犬后齿的形态,这些标本被暂归入杰斐逊北方阔齿兽Boreogomphodon jeffersoni;不过它们的下阔齿型犬后齿前横脊一般有两个而不是3个齿尖。根据牙齿大小、直接替换情况,推测阔齿型齿从后部萌发,从前部脱落。这个类群仅有一代阔齿型犬后齿;至少有一代,可能是两代裂齿型犬后齿。