保守的第52位色氨酸突变引起的胰高血糖素样肽1受体N端片段活性丧失

通过易错PCR方法建立了一个鼠肺不同长度的nGLP-1R(从第21个氨基酸开始到第145个氨基酸)的噬菌体随机突变展示肽库,通过噬菌体表面展示技术检测胰高血糖素样肽1受体N端片段(nGLP-1R)在缺失一段或两段基因后是否还具有结合Exendin-4的活性.经ELISA分析发现了一株无结合活性的突变株,命名为EP16.经测序比对,发现EP16缺失了前20个和后10个氨基酸,且第52位色氨酸突变为精氨酸.为确定EP16与Exendin-4无结合活性的原因,重新构建了无前20个和后10个氨基酸的EP16野生型及第52位色氨酸变为精氨酸的全长nGLP-1Rw52R与EP16进行对比分析.结果表明,EP16的活性丧失是由保守的第52位色氨酸突变为精氨酸引起的,缺失的前20个和后10个氨基酸没有影响其生物学活性.关键位点单个氨基酸残基的突变可以改变胰高血糖素样肽1受体N端片段整个蛋白质的生物学活性.     

一种热稳定的人胎盘源促细胞生长因子

胎盘细胞中含有丰富的生物学活性物质.通过在 90℃温度下酸性介质抽提、乙醇沉淀、DE-52阴离子交换层析、高效液相色谱层析,从人胎盘组织中分离纯化得到一种热稳定的小分子量促细胞生长因子.该物质对人羊膜细胞、小鼠成纤维细胞、小鼠骨髓瘤细胞等多种细胞有较高的刺激生长活性.这种物质被称为人胎盘源促细胞生长因子Ⅰ(Human Placental Growth Factor-I,简称HPGF-1),它是一种分子量为1900的肽类物质,是由一条含有10个氨基酸残基的肽链和非肽部分组成的化合物.肽链部分的分子量为1195,其氨基酸组成已被测定,N-末端残基为 Phe.非肽部分的分子量为692. 该因子的等电点为6.8.     

人细胞毒性T淋巴细胞TALL-104抗癌细胞活性的检测

检测人细胞毒性T淋巴细胞TALL-104对癌细胞的杀伤活性以及此杀伤活性对白细胞介素-2的依赖性,动态观察其体外增殖能力.用台盼兰拒染法计算细胞扩增倍数;用MTT法检测细胞毒杀伤活性,实时观察细胞的杀伤过程.结果表明, 在200 IU/ml IL-2刺激下,TALL-104细胞增殖能力较强;在效靶比5∶ 1,作用时间为24 h,TALL-104细胞表现出对癌细胞MCF-7和A-431较高的杀伤率分别为50.4%和69.5%;当作用时间在72 h以内,效靶比不高于10∶ 1时,杀伤率随作用时间和效靶比的增加而明显升高(P<0.05);最大杀伤率分别为79.8%(MCF-7细胞)和90.4%(A431细胞).因此,TALL-104细胞体外增殖能力较强,其细胞毒活性不严格依赖于IL-2的存在.     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-III及其天然突变体的纯化与鉴定(英文)

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III及其天然突变体是从虎纹捕鸟蛛粗毒中分离得到的两个毒素多肽。虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III含 33个氨基酸残基 ,其中包含 6个半胱氨酸残基 ;而其天然突变体只比虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III少了C端的色氨酸残基。MALDI TOF质谱测得虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III及其天然突变体的分子量分别为 385 3.35和 36 6 7.4 0。通过比较其理论分子量和质谱测定的分子量表明两个多肽的 6个半胱氨酸残基分别形成了三对二硫键。虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III与从同一种蜘蛛分离得到的凝集素 I具有 70 .5 %的序列相似性。生物学活性实验表明 ,虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III具有使美洲蜚蠊可逆的致瘫作用 ,其半有效剂量 (ED50 )为 (1 92 .95±1 2 0 .84 ) μg/g (P =0 .95 ) ,而且能加强由电刺激引起的大鼠输精管收缩 ;而其天然突变体却不具有上述生物学活性 ,表明C端色氨酸残基为虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III生物学活性相关残基 ;同时虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III及其天然突变体都不具有类似于凝集素 I对红细胞的凝集活性 ,表明虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 III和凝集素 I两者氨基酸序列中不同氨基酸残基对于决定两者的生物学活性有着重要的作用     

生物活性肽—蛋氨酸脑啡肽免疫调节作用研究进展

蛋氨酸脑啡肽( methionine-enkephaIin,Met-ENK)是具有内源性吗啡样活性物质,它是由5个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,其第5位氨基酸残基为蛋氨酸.目前,对Met-ENK的生物学功能及其作用机制的研究已取得了显著进展.就Met-ENK对免疫细胞调控、抗肿瘤作用等方面做一综述.     

水稻花药绒毡层特异表达基因RA39的克隆与表达特性分析

利用cDNA减法杂交、差异杂交筛选和RACE等技术,从水稻(Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)中克隆了一个新的绒毡层特异性cDNA,其编码基因被命名为RA39.该cDNA长1 013 bp, 编码由298个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.RA39是一个单拷贝基因,在绒毡层细胞中特异性表达,在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期的绒毡层细胞中有较高的表达活性.用PSORT和PPSEARCH软件进行的结构分析揭示出RA39蛋白的N端是一个由17个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,该蛋白包含一个跨膜区和一个胞质尾区两个主要结构域以及多个蛋白激酶的磷酸化位点.     

615小鼠血红蛋白α链的氨基酸组成及个别肽段的氨基酸序列

用CM-Cellulose-23柱层析分离纯化了615小鼠珠蛋白α链,测定其N端氨基酸残基为缬氨酸.615小鼠珠蛋白α链含有141个氨基酸残基,其中19个亮氨酸残基,10个组氨酸残基,9个缬氨酸残基,上述氨基酸残基的数目与文献中其亲本C₅₇BL不同.用胰蛋白酶水解615小鼠珠蛋白α链,发现有不溶性的‘核心’和可溶性的酶解片段.其中一个酶解肽段从N端数第8位氨基酸残基发生了突变,由亲本的缬氨酸变为亮氨酸.     

人红细胞生成素的研究和应用现状

人红细胞生成素(EPO)主要是由与近侧肾小管邻近的对氧敏感细胞生成的一种糖蛋白,在成人,极少部分由肝脏合成,胎儿时期肝脏则是合成EPO的重要器官。EPO在红细胞发育成熟过程中起着重要作用,临床上用于治疗各种贫血性疾病有特殊的治疗效果。1 EPO的理化特性及生物学活性 天然EPO分子包括多肽部分和糖链部分。多肽全长为193个氨基酸残基,分泌前27个氨基酸的前导信号肽被除去。事实证明,成熟EPO分子多肽的羧端精氨酸残基也被除去,为165个氨基酸残基。肽链中有两个二硫键,分别为7位与161位、29位与33位。4个糖基化位     

浅谈胰岛素的结构与生物合成——从一道高考题谈起

胰岛素是由A（21个氨基酸残基）、B（30个氨基酸残基）2条多肽链构成的具有生物活性的蛋白质激素。它是由胰岛B细胞合成的前胰岛素原,经相关酶的催化,切除部分氨基酸残基,形成的具有生物活性的胰岛素。本文从一道北京高考题着手,对胰岛素的结构及生物合成过程进行粗浅的分析。     

中国林蛙Onconase样核糖核酸酶的基因克隆和表达

Onconase是从美洲豹蛙卵中提取的一种核糖核酸酶,由于其抗肿瘤活性而具有潜在的临床应用价值.以中国林蛙基因组为模板,克隆了一个新的RNase基因,并由此推导出了成熟林蛙RNase的氨基酸顺序.该酶是由103个氨基酸残基组成的,它保留了RNaseA家族成员酶催化活性必须的组氨酸和赖氨酸残基,以及CKXXNTF的序列特征,与Onconase具有73％的氨基酸顺序的相似性.林蛙酶比Onconue少一个氨基酸,成为选今为止发现的RNaseA家族中的最小成员;并且,林蛙酶拥有的精氨酸和酪氨酸残基比Onconase多3个.此外,在利用原核表达系统对林蛙RNase基因进行表达的过程中,表达产物对宿主显示出一定的细胞毒性.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV