固氮施氏假单胞菌A1501四碳二羧酸结合蛋白DctP的功能及表达特性

【目的】研究施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)A1501四碳二羧酸结合蛋白Dct P的生物学功能和自身表达特性。【方法】构建结合蛋白编码基因dct P的非极性突变株,测定dct P突变株以不同四碳二羧酸(琥珀酸延、胡索酸、苹果酸)为唯一碳源时的生长情况和固氮酶活性;构建dct P基因启动子的融合表达载体dct P-lac Z,将其分别转入野生型A1501和ntr BC、rpo N和dct B突变株中,测定在不同四碳二羧酸为唯一碳源诱导条件下重组菌株中的β-半乳糖苷酶活性。【结果】dct P基因的突变使菌株丧失了四碳二羧酸的利用能力,影响了菌株的固氮酶活性;苹果酸、延胡索酸、琥珀酸对dct P-lac Z具有明显的诱导作用;在rpo N、ntr BC和dct B突变株中,dct P的表达量均显著降低。【结论】Dct P蛋白在四碳二羧酸的利用过程中起重要的作用,dct P基因的表达是Rpo N依赖型,可被四碳二羧酸诱导,受到调控蛋白Ntr BC/Dct B的协同调控。     

设施菜田不同碳氮管理对反硝化菌结构和功能的影响

【目的】通过6年长期定位试验,比较设施菜田不同碳氮管理下反硝化菌结构和功能的差异。【方法】采用末端限制性片段多态性(T-RFLP)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法分别分析nir K/nir S和nos Z型反硝化菌群结构特征,利用自动连续在线培养监测体系(Robot系统)测定分析NO/(NO3-+NO2-)和N2O/(N2O+N2)产物比,并通过乙炔抑制法测定反硝化酶活性。【结果】传统施肥处理(CN)显著改变了nir K和nos Z型反硝化菌的结构,增加了NO/(NO3-+NO2-)和N2O/(N2O+N2)产物比。nir S型菌受碳氮管理影响较小。减氮(RN)和添加秸秆处理(RN+S)的nir K和nos Z型反硝化菌结构与CN处理的差异性显著,且会显著降低NO/(NO3-+NO2-)和N2O/(N2O+N2)产物比;与CN和RN相比,RN+S显著增加反硝化酶活性。【结论】设施菜田长期传统施肥措施改变了反硝化菌的结构和功能,增加土壤自身的NO产生能力并减弱了N2O还原N2的能力。减氮和添加秸秆管理能形成自身的反硝化菌群结构,并降低NO和N2O排放风险;秸秆的添加会促进反硝化潜在速率,降低菜田NO3-淋洗风险。     

耐碱反硝化菌株的分离鉴定与功能检测

【目的】分离获得耐碱反硝化菌株,确定其反硝化活性和耐碱能力。【方法】分离、纯化,获得耐碱反硝化菌株;通过形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA基因测序分析,确定菌株分类地位;试验起始硝酸盐浓度和起始pH对分离菌株反硝化活性的影响。【结果】从实验室稳定运行的高效反硝化反应器中分离获得耐碱反硝化菌株R9,经鉴定归于Diaphorobater nitroreducens;菌株R9能够以甲醇为电子供体、硝酸盐为电子受体进行异养生长,当起始硝氮浓度为50 mg/L、起始pH为9.0时,288 h内硝氮去除率达93.25%;高浓度硝氮可抑制其反硝化活性,半抑制常数Ki为202.73 mg N/L;菌株R9的耐碱性良好,起始pH为11.0时的硝氮去除率是pH为9.0时的86%。【结论】菌株R9归于Diaphorobater nitroreducens,最适生长pH为9.0左右,是一株耐碱反硝化菌。     

斯氏假单胞菌A1501固氮新基因PST1305的功能分析

摘要：【目的】研究斯氏假单胞菌A1501基因组“固氮岛”中PST1305基因在A1501生物固氮过程中所起的作用。【方法】利用同源重组与三亲接合的方法构建PST1305的非极性突变株。乙炔还原法测定固氮酶活。RT-PCR分析PST1305基因与其周围基因转录单元的关系,Real-Time PCR比较PST1305在最佳固氮与非固氮条件下表达水平的差异。【结果】突变株np1305的固氮酶活显著降低,功能互补菌株np1305Comp能基本恢复细胞的固氮作用。PST1305与其上游的nifB、fdxN、下游的nifQ等基因位于同一个转录单元,组成一个操纵子。基因芯片表明,PST1305基因在固氮比非固氮条件下表达量显著上调（约38.7倍）,Real-Time PCR验证支持这一结果。【结论】PST1305基因参与固氮过程,其突变会影响固氮酶的活性,该基因可能通过参与A1501固氮酶电子传递或者固氮酶的氧保护过程影响固氮效率。     

铜绿假单胞菌水解弹性蛋白能力相关基因的筛选与鉴定

【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白水解能力相关基因。【方法】应用人工Mu转座技术构建铜绿假单胞菌野生型菌株PA68的转座突变文库,从2000多个突变子中筛选得到4株弹性蛋白水解能力改变的突变子,并通过克隆及测序获得转座子插入位点侧翼的序列。将铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶结构基因lasB的转录启始区序列整合入载体pDN19lacΩ并将该重组质粒电转化入野生型菌株PA68及4个突变株中,对报告基因在不同菌株中的表达水平进行测定。【结果】发现4个突变株中Mu转座子分别插入lasA、galU、xcpZ和ptsP 4个基因。ptsP基因失活的突变株中,lasB基因的转录水平是野生型菌株的7%,xcpZ和lasA基因的失活使lasB基因的转录水平分别降低为野生株的54%和75%,galU基因的插入失活使lasB基因的转录上升了1倍。【结论】推测ptsP和galU基因很可能直接或间接地调控着弹性蛋白酶的生物合成。     

利用硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐同步富集厌氧甲烷氧化微生物的比较实验

【背景】反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化(Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation,DAMO)是以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐为电子受体以甲烷为电子供体的厌氧氧化过程,对认识全球碳氮循环、削减温室气体排放和开发废水脱氮新技术等方面具有重要意义。【目的】认识以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体的DAMO微生物富集过程和结果的差异性。【方法】在序批式反应器(Sequencing batch reaetor,SBR)内接种混合物,分别以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体连续培养800 d,定期检测反应器基质浓度变化、计算转化速率;利用16S rRNA基因系统发育分析研究功能微生物的多样性,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术定量测定功能微生物。【结果】以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的1、3号反应器富集到了DAMO细菌,未检测到DAMO古菌;以硝酸盐为电子受体的2号反应器富集到了DAMO细菌和古菌的混合物;3个反应器的脱氮速率经过初始低速期、快速提升期,最终达到稳定,但2号快速提升期开始时间比1、3号晚了80 d左右,达到稳定的时间更长,稳定最大速率为1、3号的44.7%、40.3%。【结论】硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对富集产物有决定性影响;以硝酸盐为电子受体富集得到的DAMO古菌和细菌协同体系可以长期稳定共存,DAMO古菌可能是协同体系中脱氮速率的限制性因素。     

洛蒙德链霉菌S015中cutR/cutS双组分调控系统对洛蒙真菌素合成的调控

【背景】cutR/cutS双组分调控系统在链霉菌次级代谢过程中起重要作用。【目的】通过同源重组的方法在野生型S015菌株中分别敲除cutR和cutS,构建单基因缺失突变株,研究cutR/cutS双组分调控系统对洛蒙真菌素合成的调控。【方法】对突变株及野生型菌株的发酵产物进行高效液相色谱法(Highperformanceliquidchromatography,HPLC)分析,通过qPCR测定基因表达量的变化。【结果】HPLC产物分析发现,S015Δcut R和S015Δcut S中洛蒙真菌素产量分别达到了128.1±26.4 mg/L和61.8±4.5 mg/L,分别为野生型S015产量的11.5倍和5.5倍。qPCR检测发现,S015ΔcutR突变株中lomo14、lomo10、lphzB、lphzC、lphzE和lphzG的表达量分别达到野生型的1 151.7±88.8、110.5±5.8、129.3±7.7、380.2±34.6、348.2±42.1和299.8±38.2倍;S015ΔcutS突变株中lomo14、lomo10、lphzB、lphzC、lphzE和lphzG的表达量分别达到野生型的4.3±0.5、2.2±0.2、9.3±0.9、10.3±0.6、20.7±1.5和20.4±0.8倍。【结论】cutR/cutS双组分调控系统在洛蒙德链霉菌的洛蒙真菌素合成过程中对其合成途径核心基因和侧链修饰基因的表达有抑制作用,从而抑制其合成。     

rpoS基因缺失突变对荧光假单胞菌胁迫耐受性、群体感应及腐败活性的影响

【目的】微生物活动是引起食品腐败的主要原因,研究食品腐败菌的腐败作用调控机制对于保证食品的质量和安全具有重要意义。荧光假单胞菌是一种代表性的食品腐败菌,本文旨在研究RNA聚合酶的选择性sigma因子Rpo S在荧光假单胞菌致腐败过程中的作用。【方法】运用同源重组的方法构建荧光假单胞菌冷藏鱼分离株的rpo S基因缺失突变株,比较野生型和突变株暴露于不同胁迫条件下的存活率;通过液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析野生型和突变株产生高丝氨酸内酯类(AHLs)群体感应信号分子的种类和含量;检测野生型和突变株接种于灭菌三文鱼汁后4°C贮存过程中的菌落总数和挥发性盐基氮的生成量。【结果】成功构建了荧光假单胞菌rpo S基因缺失突变株。rpo S基因的缺失导致荧光假单胞菌对10 mmol/L H2O2和15%乙醇的耐受性显著降低,对150μg/m L结晶紫和175 mmol/L醋酸的耐受性有一定程度增强,不影响其对47°C和20%Na Cl的耐受性。荧光假单胞菌在rpo S基因缺失突变后长链信号分子C_(10)-HSL、C_(12)-HSL和C_(14)-HSL的含量增加。在灭菌三文鱼汁中的腐败活性检测表明rpo S基因缺失可导致荧光假单胞菌挥发性盐基氮的生成量显著降低。【结论】荧光假单胞菌的Rpo S不仅调节细菌对多种胁迫条件的耐受性,还影响AHL群体感应和腐败活性。     

转录调节因子σ~(38)介导铜绿假单胞菌绿脓菌素合成代谢调控

【目的】为了进一步鉴定铜绿假单胞菌转录调控因子σ~(38)对2个拷贝吩嗪合成基因簇(phz A1-G1和phz A2-G2)的具体调控方式并推定介导绿脓菌素合成代谢的可能调控机制。【方法】根据铜绿假单胞菌基因组信息,利用同源重组原理构建rpo S基因缺失突变株Δrpo S以及克隆全长rpo S基因作互补分析;再以单一吩嗪基因簇缺失突变株Δphz1和Δphz2为出发菌株,分别构建rpo S缺失突变株Δrpo Sphz1和rpo S插入突变株Δrpo Sphz2,测定并比较野生株及相关突变株的绿脓菌素合成量,初步推定σ~(38)因子对2个不同吩嗪基因簇表达的调控方式。【结果】在GA培养基中,突变株Δrpo S的绿脓菌素合成量比野生株显著增加;互补分析证实,σ~(38)可使突变株Δrpo S的绿脓菌素降低并接近野生株PAO1水平;与对照株Δphz1相比,突变株Δrpo Sphz1的绿脓菌素合成量因σ~(38)因子缺失而显著减少;而与对照株Δphz2相比,突变株Δrpo Sphz2的绿脓菌素合成量因σ~(38)因子缺失显著增加。【结论】转录调控因子σ~(38)对铜绿假单胞菌绿脓菌素的合成代谢的确具一定的负调控作用;结合已报道的研究结果,初步推定:σ~(38)因子通过负调控吩嗪基因簇phz1,正调控吩嗪基因簇phz2的表达实现对绿脓菌素合成代谢的调控。     

黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中调控基因xanR3的功能

【目的】研究黄脂菌素产生菌灰黄链霉菌中编码ArsR家族转录调控蛋白(Arsenical resistance regulator)的xanR3基因的功能。【方法】利用大肠杆菌和链霉菌双亲本接合转移的方法,构建xanR3基因缺失突变株及回补突变株。利用cDNA在相邻同方向的基因间隔区进行PCR确定黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中的转录单元。利用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行突变株中黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇转录水平的检测。【结果】对得到的xanR3基因缺失突变株及回补突变株进行发酵,发现xanR3基因缺失突变株产黄脂菌素能力下降,回补菌株中黄脂菌素产量相比缺失突变株有一定程度的恢复,但仍未达到野生型水平。经鉴定,黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中共有18个共转录单元,其中4个共转录单元在?xanR3突变株中转录水平明显下降。【结论】ArsR家族转录调控基因xanR3是黄脂菌素生物合成的正调控基因。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV