新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞的原代培养改良法及细胞鉴定

探讨新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞原代培养的改良方法及细胞鉴定。用胰酶消化组织块结合的方法提取新生大鼠肺成纤维细胞,并纯化细胞,对肺成纤维细胞进行形态学观察,用HE染色及免疫组化染色法对细胞进行鉴定,并用MTT法测定细胞生长曲线。倒置相差显微镜下观察选用改良法获得的细胞,3 d后可见组织块周边有少许细胞,5 d后组织块周围有大量细胞爬出,生长迅速,10 d接近融合。经改良后的方法纯化细胞,细胞活性状态较好的为3~5代,5代以后的细胞增殖能力下降。对第3代肺成纤维细胞进行HE染色,镜下可见形态典型的成纤维细胞,免疫组化结果显示波形蛋白(Vi-mentin)阳性表达,细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin)阴性表达。MTT法检测第3代细胞于3~5 d处于对数生长期。胰酶消化组织块结合法是一种可靠快速的肺成纤维细胞分离纯化的培养方法,使用这种方法可得到具有典型形态特征且活性较好的肺成纤维细胞,初学者容易掌握。     

丹参酮ⅡA对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞形态结构和终末分化指标的影响

目的:观察中药有效成分丹参酮ⅡA(Tan ⅡA)对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞形态与超微结构和相关终末分化指标的影响,以鉴定其对肿瘤细胞终末分化的诱导作用.方法:0.5μg/mL丹参酮ⅡA处理MG-63细胞,光镜、电镜观察和免疫细胞化学检测系统研究MG-63细胞处理前后细胞形态、超微结构变化和成骨细胞相关终末分化蛋白的表达变化.结果:光镜与电镜观察结果显示经Tan ⅡA处理细胞产生了核质比例减小、异染色质减少、常染色质增多、细胞器丰富发达、细胞表面微绒毛减少等显著变化;免疫细胞化学检测显示处理后MG-63细胞I型胶原蛋白、骨粘素和骨钙蛋白的表达呈阳性,并观察到钙化糖原颗粒增多和典型骨结节的形成.结论:丹参酮ⅡA能显著改变MG-63细胞形态与超微结构恶性特征,并促进与成骨细胞相关的终末分化指标的表达变化,从而对人成骨肉瘤细胞的终末分化具有明显的诱导作用.     

人偏肺病毒在传代细胞和人呼吸道上皮细胞中分离和鉴定

人偏肺病毒（Human metapneumovirus,HMPV）是2001年鉴定出的新发呼吸道病毒,婴幼儿、老人和免疫抑制人群易感,引起上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染,目前尚无疫苗和特异性治疗方案。为获得北京地区HMPV临床流行毒株,本研究将经荧光定量PCR检测为HMPV阳性的鼻咽抽吸物样本分别接种LLC-MK2、Vero-E6和分化良好的人呼吸道上皮细胞（Human Airway Epithelium,HAE）,观察细胞病变、检测免疫荧光、电镜观察病毒形态、测定病毒滴度及分析复制特点,对分离获得的HMPV分离株进行鉴定。结果表明,HMPV感染LLC-MK2细胞可形成合胞体,但在Vero-E6中多呈单个细胞感染;经免疫荧光检测,HAE、LLC-MK2和Vero-E6细胞均可见绿色荧光;电镜结果可见病毒为近似球型的颗粒,有包膜和刺突,直径约在150nm～200nm之间;HMPV在HAE和LLC-MK2两种细胞上的复制特点基本相同。本研究成功建立了临床样本在LLC-MK2、Vero-E6和HAE分离培养HMPV的方法,分离并鉴定了HMPV临床分离株,为HMPV感染机制的研究奠定基础。     

汉坦病毒在原代人胚肾与人胚肺细胞中增殖及其特性的研究

近年来研究发现,汉坦病毒能在多种细胞株及人体细胞中增殖、适应.国内学者用人胚肺二倍体细胞(2BS)体外适应该病毒成功,但有关原代人胚肺、肾细胞的报道尚少.作者选用两株病毒及两种原代人胚细胞用于体外感染、观察,应用免疫荧光间接法及胶体金包埋前染色电镜技术对宿主细胞中增殖的病毒进行了动态观察及特异性定位研究,现报告如下.1 材料和方法1.1 细胞的分离和培养1.1.1 人胚细胞:取正常孕妇5—7个月水囊引产胚肾及肺组织,按常规方法分散细胞,5—7天后长满单层.1.1.2 非洲绿猴肾上皮细胞(VeroE6):由安徽省医学科学研究所倪大石惠赠.1.2     

胸腔积液中肺腺癌细胞发生胶原化的形态观察与研究

目的胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要成分之一,我们在临床数千例恶性胸水转移的非小细胞肺癌细胞胞浆中常见到围绕细胞核或局灶状葱皮排列的纤维样结构,由此我们假设肺腺癌细胞在侵袭转移形成胸腔积液过程中发生与细胞外基质相同的结构变化,即肿瘤细胞胶原化形成“盔甲”式保护膜起到对肿瘤细胞结构及功能的支撑,达到抵御化疗药物、毒素的穿透和放射线的轰击,提高了自我保护能力,适应新的肿瘤细胞增生微环境。方法TCT方法选取224例肺腺癌细胞学标本,其中胸腔积液标本144例,肺泡灌洗液40例,痰液标本40例,24例为良性胸腔积液作为对照。常规制成细胞包埋块,切片、HE染色及CK7、TTF-l、vimintin的免疫细胞化学染色。透射电镜观察肿瘤细胞内部结构。Masson特殊染色,胶原蛋白工、Ⅱ、Ⅲ亚型染色,Western-blot蛋白检测。观察肺腺癌细胞是否存在胶原蛋白亚型及肺腺癌不同标本的表达情况。结果Masson细胞化学染色显示胶原纤维在恶性胸腔积液、支气管肺泡灌洗液及痰肺腺癌标本中的表达率分别为59．7％（sG／144）、0％（0／40）、o％（0／40）,在良性标本中不表达均为阴性（0／24）。免疫细胞化学结果显示：COLlAl、COL2Al和COL3Al在肺腺癌细胞中的阳性表达率分别为22．6％（38／1G8）,5．4％（9／1G8）,22．6％（38／168）,阳性表达主要定位于胞浆,而在增生的上皮细胞中不表达,统计学分析结果显示COLlAl、COL3Al的表达率要显著高于COL2Al的表达率（P=0．024）,并且我们发现COLlAl与COL3A1的表达成正相关性（r=0．886,P=0．000）。透射电镜可观察到在肿瘤细胞胞浆中可见多量纤维状物质。结论本研究从形态学上观察到在转移的肺腺癌细胞胞浆内有一些围绕胞核呈葱皮样改变的纤维样结构,结果表明肺腺癌细胞可以产生胶原蛋白,     

姜黄素诱导人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞凋亡过程中hnRNP A2/B1表达与定位

姜黄素(curcumin)诱导处理的人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,在光镜和电镜观察细胞凋亡的基础上,对hnRNP A2/B1在核基质中存在、分布及其与凋亡相关基因产物在MG-63细胞中的共定位关系进行了研究.经姜黄素处理后,细胞出现染色质凝聚、细胞核固缩、凋亡小体等典型的细胞凋亡形态特征;双向凝胶电泳和质谱鉴定结果显示,hnRNP A2/B1存在于MG-63细胞核基质蛋白组分中,在姜黄素处理后细胞核基质蛋白中表达下调.蛋白质印迹杂交结果,证实hnRNP A2/B1在姜黄素处理前后的MG-63细胞核基质蛋白中的存在及其表达下调变化.免疫荧光显微镜观察显示,hnRNP A2/B1定位于MG-63细胞核基质纤维上,经姜黄素处理后出现分布位置与表达水平变化.激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的观察结果显示,hnRNP A2/B1在MG-63细胞凋亡过程中与Bax、Bcl-2、Fas和p53等基因产物具有共定位关系,且其共定位区域发生了变化.研究结果证实了hnRNP A2/B1定位于核基质纤维上,是一种核基质蛋白,在姜黄素诱导人成骨肉瘤MG-63凋亡过程中的表达与分布变化及其与凋亡相关基因的关系显然对MG-63细胞凋亡具有重要影响,这为深入揭示肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制提供了重要科学依据和深入探索的新方向.     

SIRT1蛋白可延缓人胚肺成纤维细胞衰老

Sir2作为一种NAD依赖性的去乙酰化酶,可延长酵母、线虫以及果蝇等多种生物的寿命。SIRT1是哺乳动物中Sir2的同源蛋白。已知,细胞在应激状态下,SIRT1可调节某些信号通路以保持其生存能力。但在非应激状态,即生理状态下,它是否影响细胞生存能力及衰老进程,不得而知。最近研究表明,SIRT1的过表达可促进体外培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞的生长,延缓细胞衰老。     

人胸膜间皮细胞的分离和培养

利用两种取材方法建立人胸膜间皮细胞(HPMC)体外培养模型,一是用胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化法,从人肺脏胸膜及壁胸膜上分离胸膜间皮细胞;二是从胸腔积液中分离胸膜间皮细胞;进行胸膜间皮细胞的培养。用形态学和免疫组化S-P法对培养所得细胞进行鉴定。光镜下可见细胞汇合后呈多角形铺路石样,电镜下可见丰富的微绒毛和内质网,免疫组化染色结果显示表达角蛋白、波形蛋白,而抗VIII因子相关单克隆抗体、抗人白细胞CD45表达阴性;证实为人的胸膜间皮细胞。两种取材方法均可以成功建立间皮细胞体外培养模型,方法学上均有可行性;手术标本所得细胞有较高的细胞纯度,取材上胸腔积液更易于得到。     

人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞端区长度的代龄变化

以体外培养的不同代龄的人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞为实验对象,ＨｅＬａ细胞为对照,分别观察其端区长度随代龄的变化。结果显示年轻２ＢＳ细胞端区长度约９．１３ｋｂ;衰老２ＢＳ细胞端区长度约７ｋｂ,丢失约２ｋｂ。２ＢＳ细胞端区长度随代的增长而缩短。     

不同接种量荧光素酶标记小鼠乳腺癌细胞4T1在小鼠体内生长及肺转移的比较

目的 采用活体成像技术比较四种剂量荧光素酶标记肿瘤细胞在小鼠体内生长及肺转移情况,为光学标记肿瘤模型的药物筛选或机制研究提供参考资料.方法 以荧光素酶作为报告基因导人小鼠乳腺癌细胞4T1中,经G418筛选获得稳定表达荧光素酶的细胞克隆并扩大培养.标记细胞稀释成1×107细胞/mL,2×107细胞/mL,5×107细胞/mL和1×108细胞/mL四种剂量,取0.1 mL接种子BALB/c小鼠右侧第二对乳腺脂肪垫内,制作小鼠原位乳腺癌模型,比较肿瘤细胞在小鼠体内生长及肺转移情况.结果获得稳定表达荧光素酶基因的细胞克隆,在致瘤性方面和亲代细胞无明显差别,四种剂量细胞接种BALB/c小鼠后,均有肿瘤生长,接种第28天时,四种剂量接种的原位移植瘤大小没有明显差别,但接种两个高剂量肿瘤细胞的小鼠组各有2只小鼠死亡;接种后31 d,发现四种剂量接种的原位移植瘤均发生不同程度的转移,随着观察天数的增加,转移程度逐渐严重,接种后42 d,小鼠陆续发生死亡.结论 根据转移和死亡情况,确定接种1×106个细胞/只不仅肺转移明显,而且存活时间一般超过45 d,比高剂量接种存活时间长,为最佳肺转移剂量.     

Establishment of a three-dimensional human prostate organoid coculture under microgravity-simulated conditions: Evaluation of androgen-induced growth and psa expression

Summary A novel in vitro human prostate cancer model was established by using a coculture technique in which isolated human prostate fibroblasts were observed to grow as a mixed culture with isolated human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) on microcarrier beads under microgravity-simulated conditions. This model appears to be promising and deserves further exploration because: (a) cocultured human prostate fibroblasts and cancer epithelial cells appear to undergo patterns of histogenesis similar to those observed in human prostate tumors and (b) unlike the conventional cell culture on plastic dishes, cocultured human prostate fibroblasts and LNCaP cells in microgravity-simulated conditions responded to the inductive signals of growth and differentiation from dihydrotestosterone in a manner similar to that observed in the in vivo condition. These results offer an opportunity to examine molecular mechanisms of cellular signaling in response to androgen stimulation during normal and aberrant human prostate development. The microgravity-simulated three-dimensional prostate epithelial cell culture with prostate fibroblasts can be further explored as an ideal in vitro model for the study of normal and neoplastic prostate development. This model could also be adopted as a drug screening program for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of human prostate cancer and benign hyperplastic growth.     

休克淋巴液对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞的损伤作用

无菌条件下复制大鼠重症失血性休克模型,引流肠系膜淋巴液或收集门静脉血,同时,引流正常淋巴液、正常门静脉血。以不同处理因素与原代培养的第三代肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)共同孵育,通过光镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜观察细胞形态及超微结构,MTT法检测不同终浓度的休克淋巴液及正常淋巴液对PMVEC增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测PMVEC周期变化;同时进行细胞核DNA电泳分析。结果表明,休克淋巴液对PMVEC具有损伤作用,表现为细胞收缩、核固缩等,扫描电镜可观察到凋亡小体;随着休克淋巴液终浓度增加,PMVEC的增殖活力逐渐降低,显著低于正常淋巴液组;4%终浓度的休克淋巴液作用PMVEC 4h后,G0-G1期细胞比值增大,S G2-M期细胞比值下降,其他处理因素无明显变化,同时细胞核DNA电泳形成典型的阶梯状电泳图谱(DNA ladder)。结果提示,休克淋巴液可导致PMVEC形态学及超微结构损伤,同时抑制细胞增殖、影响细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡。     

肺动脉内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的相互调节

血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞在结构和功能上关系密切,二者的相互关系在血管舒缩和血管壁结构的调节中起重要作用。本文观察了培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）在细胞增殖方面的相互调节作用。混合培养的ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１,与对照组相比）。无论向培养的ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ中分别加入ＰＡＳＭ和ＰＡＥＣ的条件培养基还是二者共培养时,均发现ＰＡＥＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入明显降低,而ＰＡＳＭ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５,与对照组相比）。流式细胞测定也发现共培养时ＰＡＥＣ的Ｇ１期细胞增多,Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞减少;而ＰＡＳＭ的Ｇ１期细胞减少,Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞增多。共培养的ＰＡＳＭ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ增加,ｃＧＭＰ含量降低;而ＰＡＥＣ细胞的ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量均降低（Ｐ＜０．０１,与对照组相比）。上述结果提示,ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ相互作用可能通过第二信使而调节它们本身的增殖     

人外周血单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的AFM研究

采用原子力显微镜与倒置显微镜在细胞层次上观察了人外周单个核细胞(PBMCs)与同种异源脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)共培养的过程,并在单细胞水平上分析了共培养前后人外周单个核细胞的形貌和生物物理性质。结果发现:共培养后贴壁人外周单个核细胞的形态发生了很大的改变,并且表面分布着大小不一的颗粒状聚合物。利用AFM高空间分辨的力位移曲线测量系统,发现共培养72h后培养上清中人外周单个核细胞、贴壁的人外周单个核细胞的粘滞力分别是单纯培养72h的人外周单个核细胞的2倍、5倍,而细胞的硬度分别是单纯培养人外周单个核细胞的1.5倍、2倍。CCK-8检测提示,共培养过程中,干细胞的生长与外周血单个核细胞的生长出现了竞争作用。通过AFM探测人外周单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的可视化数据,有助于更好地了解间充质干细胞与外周血单个核细胞的相互作用。     

Establishment and characterization of atypical fibroblasts from human adult liver contributing to hepatocyte cord-like arrangement

We report the phenotypic and functional characterization of fibroblasts established in culture from the non-parenchymal epithelial cell populations of adult human livers. Human liver fibroblasts (hLF) expressed mesenchymal antigens vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen, fibronectin, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 together with non-mesenchymal antigens cytokeratins 8 and 18, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and nestin. Mixed cell lineage-specific protein expression was not associated with stem-like cell properties. Coculturing hepatocytes onto confluent hLF showed that they survived and maintained metabolic activity such as albumin, glycogen, and urea production. Moreover, hepatocytes formed cord-like arrangements resembling those established in vivo. Hepatocyte arrangement depended on cell-to-cell contact and the tissue origin of fibroblasts. Time-lapse video imaging of cocultured cells showed that hepatocyte arrangement was coordinated by the stretching and shortening of underneath hLF. Our data suggest that hLF may represent resident fibroblasts of the adult human liver, which could assume guiding functions for hepatic epithelial cells.     

星形胶质细胞可以诱导内皮细胞系紧密连接的形成

为探索星形胶质细胞在血脑屏障内皮细胞紧密连接形成中的重要意义,通过内皮细胞系ECV304与星形胶质细胞体外接触共培养的方法,采用电镜及内皮细胞紧密连接的银染观察星形胶质细胞对内皮细胞系紧密连接的诱导作用。运用Millipore-ERS系统检测紧密连接的功能状况。结果发现,星形胶质细胞可以诱导内皮细胞系形成广泛而连续的紧密连接并产生较高的跨内皮阻抗(transendothelial electrical resistance,TER),于第10d可达321．3Ωcm^2。提示,星形胶质细胞可以诱导ECV304细胞产生紧密连接。同时,ECV304细胞与星形胶质细胞的体外共培养可以作为研究血脑屏障紧密连接结构与功能的一种可靠而简便的体外实验方法。     

Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production in murine tumors

Three types of murine tumors, B-16 melanoma, A-10 carcinoma, and S-180 sarcoma, were shown to contain elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in vivo as compared to normal muscle or subcutaneous tissue. Hyaluronate was especially concentrated in the A-10 carcinoma, which contained approximately six times more hyaluronate than subcutaneous tissue and 18 times more than muscle. In all three tumors, chondroitin sulfates, especially chondroitin-4-sulfate, were present in higher concentrations than in the normal tissues. In culture, however, all three tumor cell lines produced less than 5% as much GAG as mouse fibroblasts, when measured by incorporation of [3H] acetate or by chemical analysis. Varying the culture passage number or the medium composition, ie, glucose, serum, and insulin concentrations, had little effect on GAG synthesis by the tumor cells. The low GAG levels in the tumor cell cultures were not due to hyaluronidase activity in their media. In an attempt to mimic possible host-tumor cell interactions that could account for the elevated GAG levels in vivo, tumor cells were cocultured with fibroblasts, but no stimulation above the amount made by the tumor cells alone plus that by the fibroblasts alone was observed. Conditioned media from the tumor cells, either dialyzed or not against fresh complete medium, had no effect on fibroblast GAG synthesis. Tumor extracts, however, were found to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronate by fibroblasts. Stimulation by extracts of A-10 carcinoma was greater than and additive to that of serum. The above results strongly suggest that GAG production in these tumors is in part regulated by host-tumor interactions.     

A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF ADHESIVE CELL JUNCTIONS IN HETEROTYPIC CELL AGGREGATES

Mixed suspensions of cells obtained by dissociation of 7 day chicken embryo heart and pigmented retina were allowed to reaggregate in tissue culture. The reaggregates which resulted contained both kinds of cells. Establishment of homogeneous tissues by cell sorting out in these reaggregates was advanced by 20 hr in culture and was complete within 2 days. When sorting out was advanced, heterotypic aggregates were fixed, sectioned, and examined in the electron microscope. Particular attention was paid to the morphology of regions of contact between cells. No qualitative differences were observed in the contact junctions between like cells (heart-heart or pigmented retina-pigment retina junctions) and unlike cells (heart-pigmented retina junctions). Broad areas of undifferentiated cell contact with cell membranes separated by a 100–200 A gap were formed regardless of cell type. Specialized junctions of the fascia and macula adherens type were also present, not only between like cells but also between unlike cells.     

Coculture with BJ fibroblast cells inhibits the adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

Mouse or human fibroblasts are commonly used as feeder cells to prevent differentiation in stem or primary cell culture. In the present study, we addressed whether fibroblasts can affect the differentiation of adipocytes. We found that the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was strongly suppressed when the cells were cocultured with human fibroblast (BJ) cells. BrdU incorporation analysis indicated that mitotic clonal expansion, an early event required for 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis, was not affected by BJ cells. The 3T3-L1 cell expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and Krüppel-like factor 15, but not those of C/EBPβ or C/EBPδ, were decreased by coculture with BJ cells. When mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cocultured with BJ cells, their lipid contents were significantly reduced, with decreased fatty acid synthase expression and increased phosphorylated form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1. Our data indicate that coculture with BJ fibroblast cells inhibits the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreases the lipogenesis of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.     

Contact formation and transfer of mannose BSA gold from macrophages to cocultured fibroblasts

When macrophages were cocultured with fibroblasts many of the cells formed firm contacts. In some of these contacts both cell types were closely apposed and in others they were more clearly separated with numerous pseudopodia extending from macrophages toward the fibroblasts. Many small vesicles similar in structure to caveoli were observed immediately beneath the plasma membrane of some fibroblasts in regions immediately adjacent to areas of contact with macrophages. The membrane integrity of both cell types was always maintained and no connecting cytoplasmic strands were observed between contacting cells. Junctions were freely permeable to ruthenium red and less permeable to the larger cationized ferritin. Gold conjugated to mannose BSA was taken up readily by macrophages but not by fibroblasts. When fibroblasts were cocultured with macrophages that had been labeled with endocytosed gold, increasing amounts were transferred to them. Gold was observed within gaps formed between cocultured cells and within recipient fibroblasts in vesicles anatomically similar to lysosomes. These points of contact thus appear to provide a series of specialized protected clefts into which directed exocytosis of ligands from donor cells can take place and from which endocytosis into recipient cells is facilitated.