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1.
采用免培养的16S rDNA梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)对摄食不同饵料(非膨化饲料组、膨化饲料组和蚕豆组)的草鱼肠道内容物细菌分析建立指纹图谱,并对主要优势条带进行了切胶克隆和测序。PCR-DGGE指纹图谱初步分析发现,非膨化饲料组、膨化饲料组和蚕豆组分别产生了19条、16条和15条可以鉴别的条带,且均有2-3条优势菌条带;非膨化饲料组样品和蚕豆组样品的DGGE指纹图谱的相似性系数为53.6%,非膨化饲料组菌群和膨化饲料组的相似性为39.4%。对PCR-DGGE指纹图谱主要条带进一步回收、克隆和测序,结果共得到25条序列,将所得到的序列在NCBI数据库中同源性分析,发现草鱼肠道内容物细菌群落主要为弧菌科、肠杆菌科和气单胞菌属细菌,其中包括14条不可培养细菌。  相似文献   

2.
实验以三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为外源指示剂,采用“70%基础饲料+30%实验原料”的方法配制实验饲料,测定了初始体质量为(28.68±0.49) g的黄颡鱼(Peltobagrus fulvidraco)对国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉、进口鸡肉粉和脱脂黄粉虫粉在膨化制粒和非膨化制粒两种工艺下的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸表观消化率。结果显示,在非膨化制粒工艺下,黄颡鱼对进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著高于另外3种原料(P<0.05),黄颡鱼对黄粉虫粉蛋白消化率最低(P<0.05),黄颡鱼对进口鸡肉粉脂肪表观消化率显著高于国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉(P<0.05); 在膨化制粒工艺下,进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著低于另外3种原料(P<0.05),国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉的粗蛋白质消化率达94%以上,显著高于另外两种原料(P<0.05),但进口鸡肉粉的脂肪表观消化率显著低于其他原料(P<0.05)。在非膨化制粒工艺和膨化制粒工艺下国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉和黄粉虫粉的干物质表观消化率无显著性差异,但在非膨化制粒工艺下进口鸡肉粉的干物质表观消化率显著高于膨化制粒工艺(P<0.05)。对于国产鱼粉、进口鱼粉和黄粉虫粉而言,非膨化制粒工艺的蛋白消化率显著低于膨化制粒工艺(P<0.05),而鸡肉粉则相反。膨化加工工艺进口鱼粉的脂肪表观消化率显著高于非膨化加工工艺(P<0.05),而膨化加工工艺的黄粉虫脂肪表观消化率显著低于非膨化加工工艺(P<0.05)。氨基酸的消化率结果与粗蛋白的表观消化率变化趋势基本一致。由此可知,对于黄颡鱼饲料,国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉是最佳的蛋白质来源,进口鸡肉粉和黄粉虫亦可以作为其优质的蛋白质来源。对于进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉和黄粉虫粉,膨化制粒工艺更有利于黄颡鱼对其干物质、蛋白、脂肪和氨基酸等营养元素的消化利用,而对于进口鸡肉粉,非膨化制粒工艺更有利于黄颡鱼对营养元素的消化利用。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了不同的膨化挤压温度下对天然富硒膨化大米粉中性质的影响。在不同膨化温度下,随着膨化温度升高,水分损失量呈增大趋势;对米粉的溶解率和沉淀吸水率增加;随着膨化温度升高,膨化后样品粉体的休止角及滑角呈变大的趋势;扫描电子显微镜的结果表明,随着膨化温度升高,由于淀粉的糊化,淀粉颗粒增大,相互间距增大且表面变得更光滑,内部空腔明显增大,但各X-ray衍射曲线变化不明显;不同膨化温度对天然富硒大米粉之间的蛋白质组成没有发生明显变化,但天然富硒大米经挤压膨化后,造成了蛋白质亚基聚合,使全蛋白质中出现了高分子量的亚基;不同膨化温度对氨基酸含量与原富硒大米相比,都有变化,有些氨基酸变化更明显(半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸)。本研究揭示了不同挤压条件对产品特性产生影响的原因,同时为挤压大米富硒食品的合理利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
以人参果为原料,对预干燥后的人参果片进行微波膨化,探讨了微波膨化人参果脆片的最佳工艺。通过单因素实验分别探讨了切片厚度、水分含量以及微波时间等因素对膨化率的影响。在此基础上,以膨化率为指标,设计了Box-Behnken实验。通过统计和数学分析,得出微波膨化人参果脆片的最佳工艺参数为:新鲜原料质量200 g,切片厚度9 mm,预干燥采用热风干燥,温度85℃,预干燥结束时切片水分含量为10.5%,选择微波功率700 W、微波处理时间65 s,在此优化条件下得到的人参果脆片膨化率为43.7%。所得产品口感酥脆、具有浓郁的人参果香气。  相似文献   

5.
目的观察饲料生产过程中的膨化处理对各种营养素的影响情况。方法随机选取不同批次的膨化饲料按GB/T14924.9-2001标准,进行水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸、维生素及矿物质的测定,得出膨化前后理化检测数据并进行分析。结果饲料中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸、维生素经过膨化处理后,均出现了不同程度的损失,其中维生素损失较大,致使维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、叶酸大部分损失。结论膨化加工方法对于饲料中的常规营养成分、氨基酸、维生素水平有较大程度的影响,为满足动物生长、发育、繁殖等需要,应采取添补措施,以保证其营养成分。  相似文献   

6.
从氮收支和能量收支的角度比较了稚鳖对膨化饲料和粉状饲料的利用性能.实验结果表明,膨化饲料组干物质、蛋白质、脂肪和能量的消化率均显著高于粉状饲料组;膨化饲料组稚鳖氮收支和能量收支方程中各组分的数值都显著低于粉料组,但蛋白和能最贮积率高于粉料组,说明膨化处理提高了稚鳖对饲料的利用效率,但足摄食量受到了抑制,从而限制了稚鳖的生长性能.  相似文献   

7.
在长期的历史沿革和发展实践中,中药炮制学对何首乌炮制技术的研究取得了较大的进展。本文主要探讨了何首乌炮制的几种新方法,包括高压蒸制、发酵炮制、微波炮制及膨化炮制,以期为何首乌炮制方法新路径的开发提供参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
爆裂玉米胚乳数量性状的遗传研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
采用三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,研究了4个爆裂玉米膨爆特性的胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明,百粒重、膨化体积的遗传同时由3套遗传体系所控制,百粒重的细胞质、膨化体积的母体和细胞质遗传率较高。爆花率和膨化倍数受胚乳和母体2套遗传体系的影响,且遗传率相近。爆花率和膨化倍数的直接和母体杂种优势均为负值。要组配出优良爆裂玉米杂交种,必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系,同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中,必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系,同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中,P3,P4适宜用作母本,P5则适宜作父本。  相似文献   

9.
旨在研究转基因豆粕经挤压膨化后外源蛋白的变化规律.以CP4-EPSPS多克隆抗体和转基因含量为2%的大豆标准品作为材料,建立ELISA法定量检测抗草甘膦转基因大豆CP4-EPSPS蛋白的方法.结果表明,膨化豆粕中外源蛋白含量随着温度和含水率的升高逐渐降低,ELISA法检测低限达到0.25%,可以定量检测经过加工的转基因豆粕.  相似文献   

10.
鸡粪中氨基酸利用前景   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对鸡饲料鸡粪中蛋白质和氨基酸含量的分析表明:鸡对饲料蛋白质、氨基酸的利用率较低,鸡粪经膨化处理后,仍可用于鸡、猪饲料。鸡粪有着进一步开发利用的好前景。  相似文献   

11.
综述基因工程技术在改善食品原料品质、改良食品工业用菌种和食品加工性能、生产酶制剂和保健食品方面的应用,同时对转基因食品及其安全性问题进行了总结归纳,最后对基因工程技术在食品中的发展前景进行展望。  相似文献   

12.
The rising need for wholesome, fresh, safe and “minimally-processed” foods has led to pioneering research activities in the emerging non-thermal technology of food processing. Cold plasma is such an innovative and promising technology that offers several potential applications in the food industry. It uses the highly reactive, energetic and charged gas molecules and species to decontaminate the food and package surfaces and preserve the foods without causing thermal damage to the nutritional and quality attributes of food. Cold plasma technology showed promising results about the inactivation of pathogens in the food industry without affecting the food quality. It is highly effective for surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables, but extensive research is required before its commercial utilization. Recent patents are focused on the applications of cold plasma in food processing and preservation. However, further studies are strongly needed to scale up this technology for future commercialization and understand plasma physics for getting better results and expand the applications and benefits. This review summarizes the emerging trends of cold plasma along with its recent applications in the food industry to extend shelf life and improve the quality of food. It also gives an overview of plasma generation and principles including mechanism of action. Further, the patents based on cold plasma technology have also been highlighted comprehensively for the first time.  相似文献   

13.
Cold plasma technology is an efficient, environmental-friendly, economic and noninvasive technology; and in recent years these advantages placed this novel technology at the centre of diverse studies for food industry applications. Dried food ingredients including spices, herbs, powders and seeds are an important part of the human diet; and the growing demands of consumers for higher quality and safe food products have led to increased research into alternative decontamination methods. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of nonthermal plasma on dried food ingredients for food safety and quality purposes. This review provides critical review on potential of cold plasma for disinfection of dried food surfaces (spices, herbs and seeds), improvement of functional and rheological properties of dried ingredients (powders, proteins and starches). The review further highlights the benefits of plasma treatment for enhancement of seeds performance and germination yield which could be applied in agricultural sector in near future. Different studies applying plasma technology for control of pathogens and spoilage micro-organisms and modification of food quality and germination of dried food products followed by benefits and current challenges are presented. However, more systemic research needs to be addressed for successful adoption of this technology in food industry.  相似文献   

14.
阐述了基因工程的技术溯源,论述了基因工程在食品工业方面的应用,提出与生产实践相结合的实例;详细介绍了基因工程食品的由来,展望了基因工程技术在食品工业领域中的美好发展前景.  相似文献   

15.
随着生物技术的飞速发展,作为食品生物工程的主要组成部分,食品发酵工程技术不断升级,在传统发酵食品的菌种、发酵过程、产品品质得到改善的同时,生物制造的功能食品组分、未来食品等新型产品也应运而生。首先概述了由生物技术和信息技术的进步带来的食品发酵研究手段与生产方式的多层面变革,并重点阐释了利用食品合成生物学设计构建细胞工厂的思路和方法,以及食品生物工程在微生物分析、过程工程和分离工程方面的智能化进程。其次,介绍了现代食品生物工程技术在改善传统发酵食品品质及安全性、生产功能食品组分、添加剂和酶制剂、创制未来食品和开发新型益生食品方面的应用进展。最后,对全球和我国食品发酵产业面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了总结和展望,以期为食品发酵的技术革新和工业化应用提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
近红外光谱技术在水果成熟期预测中的应用(综述)   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近红外光谱技术以快速、准确和多组分同步分析等优势,近年来在水果果实发育、成熟期预测和品质检测等方面应用广泛,并在果实品质无损检测分析技术研究方面取得重要进展。本文综述近红外光谱技术的基本原理和特点,分析近红外光谱技术在果实成熟期预测中的研究现状和存在问题,并提出今后研究方向。  相似文献   

17.
A 17-year-old, 1-kg, colony-housed, male squirrel monkey (Samiri sciureus) developed clinical signs of congestive heart failure. The monkey presented with lethargy, increased heart and respiratory rates, and mild abdominal distention. The clinical history, laboratory analysis, and radiographic findings were consistent with heart failure due to dilative cardiomyopathy. Gross and microscopic examination of the heart confirmed a dilative cardiomyopathy. This is the first report describing congestive heart failure caused by dilative cardiomyopathy in a squirrel monkey. Spontaneous dilative cardiomyopathy may be infrequently observed in the squirrel monkeys because they are not routinely housed in the research environment during their advancing years.  相似文献   

18.
At present, industries within the health and life science sector are moving towards one another resulting in new industries such as the medical nutrition industry. Medical nutrition products are specific nutritional compositions for intervention in disease progression and symptom alleviation. Industry convergence, described as the blurring of boundaries between industries, plays a crucial role in the shaping of new markets and industries. Assuming that the medical nutrition industry has emerged from the convergence between the food and pharma industries, it is crucial to research how and which distinct industry domains have contributed to establish this relatively new industry. The first two stages of industry convergence (knowledge diffusion and consolidation) are measured by means of patent analysis. First, the extent of knowledge diffusion within the medical nutrition industry is graphed in a patent citation interrelations network. Subsequently the consolidation based on technological convergence is determined by means of patent co-classification. Furthermore, the medical nutrition core domain and technology interrelations are measured by means of a cross impact analysis. This study proves that the medical nutrition industry is a result of food and pharma convergence. It is therefore crucial for medical nutrition companies to effectively monitor technological developments within as well as across industry boundaries. This study further reveals that although the medical nutrition industry’s core technology domain is food, technological development is mainly driven by pharmaceutical/pharmacological technologies Additionally, the results indicate that the industry has surpassed the knowledge diffusion stage of convergence, and is currently in the consolidation phase of industry convergence. Nevertheless, while the medical nutrition can be classified as an industry in an advanced phase of convergence, one cannot predict that the pharma and food industry segments will completely converge or whether the medical industry will become an individual successful industry.  相似文献   

19.
The advent of biotechnology presents fundamental challenges to the global agri-food industry. While the scientific base for agri-food production is being revolutionised, it is not clear if or how the technology will be used. Proponents of biotechnology and a large portion of agri-food policy makers around the world project a positive future in which technology overcomes food shortages, improves the environment, heals or eliminates disease and leads to a prosperous and healthy society. A smaller but significant array of policy makers, citizens and consumers fear that the technology will exacerbate food insecurity, threaten the environment, endanger human health and ultimately impoverish society itself. Although scientists and industry are convinced the fears are unfounded, it is not clear that our social institutions will be able to adapt, adopt and use the technology in a way that will satisfy society and improve social welfare.  相似文献   

20.
It is not surprising that past predictions of the extent of adoption of new technology by the food and agricultural industries have only been partly realized. This is a result of the difficulty of forecasting the take-up of technology that is capable of being transferred from other industries, for example, process control methods and the advent of new packaging materials. Most technology that is adopted is normally incremental over the existing technology and forecasting of this type is best done by specific experts within the industry. Factors which influence uptake of technology in the food industry include not only the available technology, but also the supply of raw materials, economics and disposable income, food habits, health and nutrition and market requirements. In addition to these there is legislation, which imposes compositional, labelling and trade requirements on grower, processor and retailer. New products and processes are determined by all these factors, the overriding influence being the consumer's requirement for palatable and nutritious foods that provide value for money. In the cereals-processing industry significant developments have taken place in the provision of U.K. wheat varieties for breadmaking. The U.K. is now in the position where the bulk of its breadmaking wheats are homegrown. Further advances can be make by investing in applied research into those characteristics of bread wheats which are determinants of good bread flours, that in turn will help in the provision of suitable bread wheat varieties. A less traditional area is that of flour fractionation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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