超声辅助提取凤丹籽总黄酮的工艺研究

本文以经脱脂处理后的凤丹籽为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间和超声功率为自变量,以总黄酮得率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计分析方法优化凤丹籽总黄酮的提取工艺。通过此模型得出:超声时间对凤丹籽总黄酮提取的影响最为显著,超声时间和乙醇浓度,超声时间和料液比,超声时间和超声功率之间的交互作用显著。模型预计凤丹籽总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度75%,料液比1:21 g/mL,超声时间49 min,超声功率240 w,在此条件下,总黄酮得率平均值为9.015 mg/g。     

响应面法优化余甘叶中黄酮提取工艺

以余甘叶为试材,利用超声波辅助提取余甘叶黄酮,研究料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对黄酮提取率的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明,余甘叶中黄酮最佳超声提取条件为：料液比1∶73、乙醇浓度50%、超声时间30 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下黄酮实际提取率为19.51%。     

余甘子总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的优化

以余甘子干粉为材料,利用超声波辅助提取余甘子总黄酮。单因素试验分析液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对余甘子总黄酮提取率的影响,在此基础上,利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,余甘子总黄酮最佳提取条件为：液料比82:1(V/W)、乙醇浓度45%、超声时间41 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下余甘子总黄酮的实际提取率为6.12%。     

响应面法优化益母草总黄酮的提取工艺研究

采用响应面法优化超声提取益母草总黄酮的工艺条件。方法:在超声时间、超声功率、超声温度、料液比等单因素的基础上,通过中心组合设计原理采用三因子三水平的响应面分析法设计,对单因子显著性和交互作用进行分析。结果:超声提取益母草总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间35.54 min,料液比1∶30.63,乙醇浓度73.41%。此时吸光度为0.295 9。在此条件下益母草的总黄酮提取率为1.21%。结论:优化的提取工艺条件,益母草的总黄酮提取率高,节约资源。     

响应面法优化提取宽叶独行菜总黄酮工艺研究

研究了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比对超声辅助提取宽叶独行菜总黄酮提取率的影响。采用Box-Bohnken试验响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明最佳提取条件:乙醇浓度75%,提取时间89 min,液料比22.5 mL/g,提取温度79℃,所得的总黄酮提取量为36.5 mg/g。本试验为更好的开发利用宽叶独行菜资源提供一定科学依据。     

响应面法优化细果角茴香中总黄酮的超声提取条件

采用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取细果角茴香中总黄酮的工艺研究。在单因素试验的基础上,选择超声时间、乙醇浓度、料液比为自变量,以总黄酮的提取率为响应值,进行Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,采用响应面法(RSM)评估了这些因素对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明:超声波法辅助提取细果角茴香中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为液料比33 mL/g,乙醇浓度为58%,提取时间为34.5 min。在此条件下,总黄酮的提取率达1.525%。     

千年健总黄酮的超声提取工艺

为了研究千年健黄酮的超声提取工艺,通过单因素实验,研究了超声功率、超声时间、乙醇浓度、液固比等因素对黄酮得率的影响,利用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,各因素的影响次序为:超声功率乙醇浓度液固比超声时间,其最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率为300W、超声时间15min、乙醇浓度50%、液固比30:1,最佳工艺条件下黄酮提取率为0.5868%。     

莲子心总黄酮的超声波萃取工艺研究

研究了超声波萃取法从莲子心中提取总黄酮的最佳工艺。通过单因素控制法和正交试验,以乙醇为溶剂,总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在超声波辅助下研究了乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比和提取温度对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明影响莲子心中总黄酮提取率的主要因素是乙醇的浓度,其次依次为提取温度、料液比、超声波萃取时间;提取的最佳条件是:乙醇的浓度为60%,提取温度是70℃,料液比为1:24,超声波萃取时间为30 min,此条件下得到的总黄酮的提取率是10.86 mg/g。     

响应面法优化微波法提取荷叶中总黄酮的研究

采用微波提取法对荷叶总黄酮进行提取,通过响应面试验分析确定最佳的荷叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺:微波功率346.57W,微波时间1.04min,料液比1:28.21,乙醇浓度69.65%,理论提取率为5.02%。经3次平行试验的实际平均提取率为4.98%。     

沙棘果渣总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

利用果胶酶协同超声波法,对沙棘果渣有效成分总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。以提取率为指标,通过酶用量、液料比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率等单因素分析,选定酶用量、液料比、超声提取时间3个因素进行响应面试验,确定提取优化工艺条件为:果胶酶用量5.1%,液料比41∶1,超声提取时间81 min,此条件下,沙棘果渣总黄酮提取率达到8.91 mg/g;以BHT为阳性对照,进行了抗氧化活性研究,得出沙棘果渣总黄酮提取液浓度为0.14 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到了94.42%;提取液浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除率分别为83.10%和43.41%。整体来看,沙棘果渣总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.