IBA和NAA对山杜英组培苗生根过程中内源IAA、ABA含量变化的影响

本文研究山杜英组培苗生根过程中内源IAA、ABA含量变化规律。结果表明,培养基添加IBA和NAA后,在生根过程中内源IAA、ABA含量变化类似,根点出现前内源IAA、ABA含量一直上升,根点出现后含量开始下降,产生愈伤组织时两种处理的IAA/ABA分别是2.526和3.226。在不添加外源生长素情况下,内源IAA含量一直维持在较低水平,而内源ABA含量一直呈现上升趋势,IAA/ABA始终都在1.211以下。     

初代和继代培养葡萄试管苗的内源IAA、ZRs和ABA含量变化及其与生根的关系

葡萄品种皇家秋天与藤稔初代试管苗在第10天(根原基发生)时内源IAA和ABA含量达最低点后上升;ZRs含量达最高值后下降.皇家秋天继代试管苗的IAA在第8天(根原基发生)时达最低点,而后上升达稳定值;ZRs含量达最高值后下降;ABA含量降至最低点后急剧上升,在第10天(生根时)达最高值,持续4 d后又下降.藤稔继代苗在第6天(根原基发生)时IAA含量最低,后上升,持续到第12天后又下降;ZRs含量达最高值后快速下降,至第12天达稳定状态;ABA含量达最低值后缓慢上升,第10天(生根)达最高点后又下降.     

病原侵染对采后葡萄激素水平的影响

外源ABA处理采后葡萄可显著促进乙烯释放和抑制IAA的生成,加重葡萄落粒。乙烯利对ABA促进作用不明显,但显著抑制IAA和GA3的生成。葡萄感病后组织内源激素水平发生了变化：ABA含量显著增加,乙烯释放率增大,IAA含量显著减少,这种变化趋势在果梗中尤为突出。     

继代培养次数对杜梨生根能力和叶形态及其激素水平的影响

为了探索杜梨组培复幼变化规律,对10年生杜梨进行连续继代培养,统计不同继代次数杜梨丛生芽繁殖系数和生根率,观察记录叶片形态变化并测定内源激素含量。结果表明:(1)通过连续继代培养,杜梨丛生芽生根率由0提升到66.70%,繁殖系数由第1代的2.13提升到第10代的4.20。(2)叶片在继代第3次时出现裂刻且随后裂刻程度逐代加深;在继代过程中,丛生芽叶面积和叶脉数显著降低,叶周长和叶形指数呈先下降后上升的变化趋势。(3)丛生芽叶片内源IAA含量在继代第6次时达到46.39 ng·g-1,且显著高于初代丛生芽;随着继代次数的增加,叶片内源ZR呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,内源GA3含量没有发生显著性变化,而内源ABA含量逐渐降低;叶片IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR的值随着继代次数的增加而增加。(4)丛生芽叶片ABA含量和IAA/ZR与其生根率分别呈显著负相关和显著正相关关系,叶片裂刻数和IAA/ABA与生根率均呈现极显著正相关关系,而叶脉数与生根率则呈现极显著负相关关系。研究认为,连续继代培养可显著提高杜梨丛生芽的生根能力,并且与丛生芽叶形和激素含量及其比值有密切的关系,该研究结果为难生根植物无性繁殖以及树木复幼提供了重要技术借鉴。     

不同氮营养下炭疽病菌侵染对菜心叶片内源激素的影响

研究了6种不同氮营养水平下炭疽病菌对菜心叶片乙烯释放量、脱落酸(ABA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量的影响及其与抗病性的关系.结果表明,在感病过程中,所有氮营养处理乙烯释放量呈单峰曲线变化,并在接种后的第4天至第6天达到峰值,适宜氮、低氮营养比高氮或不施肥可抑制乙烯产生和ABA的合成,维持体内乙烯、ABA的稳定.适宜氮、低氮处理感病后IAA含量一直上升,而高氮或不施肥处理的IAA呈单峰曲线变化,并在接种后4～6d达到峰值,随着致病时间的延长,适宜氮、低氮营养比高氮或不施肥可提高炭疽病菌对IAA的诱导.表明氮营养炭疽病内源激素之间存在密切的关系,维持植株体内的激素平衡是提高植株耐病的机理之一.     

黄瓜花性别分化和内源激素的关系

黄瓜雌花中GA3 和IAA含量均高于雄花 ;雌花在大孢子母细胞时期以后直到发育成熟 ,IAA含量持续增加 ,雄花中IAA含量则下降 ;ZT含量增加有利于大小孢子母细胞的形成而ABA含量增加则有利于四分体的形成。高水平的ZT/IAA和低水平的GA3 /ZT有利于大孢子母细胞和花粉粒的形成 ,大孢子四分体在高水平的GA3 /ZT和低水平的ZT/IAA下形成。雌性系黄瓜经硝酸银处理后茎尖中GA3 增加、IAA和ZT减少 ,有利于雄性分化 ;强雄性系黄瓜经乙烯利处理后 ,茎尖中GA3 下降 ,IAA和ZT增加 ,有利于雌性分化。据此认为内源IAA可能是黄瓜性别发育的关键性激素     

初代和继代培养葡萄试管苗的内源nA、ZRs和ABA含量变化及其与生根的关系

葡萄品种皇家秋天与藤稔初代试管苗在第10天(根原基发生)时内源IAA和ABA含量达最低点后上升;ZRs含量达最高值后下降。皇家秋天继代试管苗的IAA在第8天(根原基发生)时达最低点,而后上升达稳定4／t;ZRs含量达最高值后下降;ABA含量降至最低点后急剧上升,在第10天(生根时)达最高值,持续4d后又下降。藤稔继代苗在第6天(根原基发生)时IAA含量最低,后上升,持续到第12天后又下降;ZRs含量达最高值后快速下降,至第12天达稳定状态;ABA含量达最低值后缓慢上升,第10天(生根)达最高点后又下降。     

乙烯利、ACC、AOA和AgNO3对绿豆下胚轴插条不定根形成的作用

以绿豆下胚轴插条为实验材料,研究了乙烯利、ACC、AOA和AgNO,对其不定根形成的影响。结果表明：乙烯利和ACC能促进绿豆下胚轴插条的生根,最适浓度分别为50μmol／L和10μmol／L;AOA和AgNO3明显抑制不定根形成,随浓度增加,抑制作用增强。插条离体后24h内对ACC的促进作用和AOA的抑制作用敏感。插条在0-6h和18-24h用ACC处理,在0-2h和22-24h用50μmol／L乙烯利处理的生根效果好。乙烯在不定根形成的诱导期和起始晚期起促进作用。     

生长素、乙烯和一氧化氮对拟南芥下胚轴插条形成不定根的调节

研究生长素、乙烯和一氧化氮（NO）对拟南芥下胚轴插条形成不定根的调节,以及生长素和乙烯信号转导成员在IAA促进不定根形成中的作用的结果表明：拟南芥切条以IAA和硝普钠（N0供体）单独处理7d后的不定根形成均受到促进,其中以50μmol·L^-1 IAAμmol·L^-1 SNP的促进作用为最强,乙烯的促进作用不明显;生长素运输和信号转导以及乙烯信号转导相关突变体对IAA促进生根作用的敏感性比野生型有所下降,特别是IAA14功能获得型的突变体。IAA和NO在促进不定根形成中有协同效应。     

四种叶菜衰老期间呼吸、乙烯产生、IAA和过氧化物酶的变化及其相互关系

结球白菜、结球甘蓝和菠菜在衰老期间的呼吸强度逐渐上升,后期下降,呈有峰型变化,而结球生菜的呼吸强度随衰老而下降,呈无峰型变化。外源乙烯使前三者的呼吸峰提前,但不改变其变化趋势,使后者出现呼吸峰。衰老期间内源乙烯均上升;过氧化物酶活力增加,IAA含量下降,两者存在极显著负相关。幼叶乙烯生成与IAA含量相关,老叶乙烯生成不受IAA水平影响。     

Ethylene Accumulation in Flooded Plants

Ethylene concentration in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cuttings increased 5-fold within 6 h after submersion in distilled water and then declined. When only the basal half of the cutting was steeped in water, ethylene concentration was slightly over half the concentration of the completely submerged cutting. Ethylene concentration also increased when cuttings were wrapped with moist paper tissue. When wrapped with Saran transparent plastic film, ethylene concentration increased continuously for 12 h. When part of the stem of an intact plant was wrapped with Saran, ethylene also increased in that part of the stem. When wrapping was removed or submersion was discontinued, accumulated ethylene in the cuttings decreased, much faster from unwrapped cuttings than from previously submerged ones. During 3 h submersion, ethylene production rate in submerged cuttings was approximately 10% of that for the controls and over 97% ethylene escaped out of the control cuttings while only 22-52% escaped from the submerged cuttings. Water content increased during submersion and decreased when submersion was discontinued. Water content did not change significantly during wrapping, but decreased when the cuttings were unwrapped. High water content in the submerged cuttings was apparently not related to the high ethylene concentration in the cuttings. Causes of ethylene increase in flooded plants were discussed and it was concluded that one of the first and major causes is the accumulation of ethylene in flooded portions of the plants due to the blockade of ethylene escape by water.     

NAA处理对艾纳香扦插生根生理生化特性的影响

为探讨NAA对艾纳香(Blumea balsamifera)扦插生根的影响,4 a生艾纳香健康枝条用500 mg/L NAA处理,对生根过程中的生理生化特征进行了研究.结果表明,艾纳香扦插生根率与内源IAA、GA含量和IAA/ABA呈正相关,而与ABA含量呈负相关.NAA处理能提高插穗的IAA含量,降低ABA含量,有助...     

Synergistic interaction between coumarin 1,2-benzopyrone and indole-3-butyric acid in stimulating adventitious root formation in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cuttings: I. Endogenous free and conjugated IAA and basic isoperoxidases

Cuttings from 7-day-old Vigna radiata seedlings were treated for 24 h with various concentrations of coumarin and/or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), applied either alone or in combination, in order to stimulate adventitious root formation (ARF). The effects of treatment on endogenous free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), basic peroxidase (basic PER) activity and its isoperoxidases analysis and their relation to ARF were then investigated at the potential rooting sites during the first 96 h after application. Simultaneously, combined treatments acted synergistically in inducing more adventitious roots in treated cuttings than in those treated with coumarin or IBA individually, as compared with the control. Endogenous free IAA increased transiently in treated cuttings as compared with the control and the maximum increase occurred with the combined treatment. This suggests that coumarin and IBA may act synergistically in increasing the endogenous free IAA level during the induction phase of rooting to initiate more roots. Likewise, higher level of conjugated IAA was also found in treated cuttings than in untreated ones, during the primary events of ARF, with the maximum level occurring in the combined treatment. Comparison of the dynamics of conjugated IAA and activity of basic PERs led to conclusion that the former but not the latter is responsible for downregulation of endogenous IAA levels significantly during the primary events of ARF. A sharp increases in basic PERs occurred during the secondary events of ARF, suggesting their role in root initiation and development rather than root induction.     

不同溶液浸泡处理对鹅掌柴扦插繁殖的影响

以清水对照,用多菌灵 福美双溶液和NAA IBA溶液对鹅掌柴插穗浸泡处理后扦插,试验对插穗的形态生长指标和生根过程进行了统计,并对插穗内源性激素IAA、ABA的含量进行了分析。结果表明:NAA IBA和适宜的多菌灵 福美双溶液均可提高插穗的生根率,促进根生长。经浸泡处理的插穗的成活率显著地高于对照(p<0.01)。多菌灵 福美双溶液浸泡插穗3h的理论最佳浓度为519mg/L。519mg/L多菌灵 福美双和200mg/LNAA IBA处理都提高了插穗IAA的含量,ABA的含量却有所降低。用519mg/L多菌灵 福美双和200mg/LNAA IBA分别浸泡插穗1.5h,成活率达到95.6%,比单独用200mg/LNAA IBA处理的成活率提高了10%(p<0.05);实验结果还表明,鹅掌柴的生根属混合生根型。     

Initiation of roots on hypocotyl cuttings of Pinus contorta in vitro

The origin of roots and wound tissue after treatments for induction of roots on hypocotyl cuttings of three-week-old Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud, is discussed. The cuttings were cultured in vitro and treated with 1.2 μ M to 1.5 M IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) for 6 h to 10 days. The control, which was not treated with IBA developed a wound tissue from which roots formed. Cuttings treated with IBA developed roots directly from the hypocotyl. Direct rooting was faster than indirect rooting via a wound tissue. Rooting was considered to be optimal if more than 80% of the cuttings rooted within 19 days and half of the cuttings which possessed roots after one month had acquired them within 14 days. This type of rooting was obtained after treatment with either 80 μ M IBA for 4 to 6 days or 1.25 to 5.0 m M IBA for 6 h. Suboptimal treatments gave lower rooting percentages and superoptimal treatments resulted in delayed rooting. In IBA-treated cuttings, large increases in mitotic activity (number of mitoses per mm hypocotyl) were found in the pericycle and parenchyma inside endodermis. However, the control also had similar mitotic activities as the IBA-treated cuttings but closer to the cut surface. This led us to the conclusion that similar tissues may produce either wound tissue or roots. Almost all roots obtained through direct rooting originated outside resin ducts.     

插壤温度对四倍体刺槐硬枝插条生根过程中生理生化的影响

取四倍体刺槐3年生采穗圃中1年生硬枝插条为材料,研究扦插过程中插壤温度对插穗内源激素含量、酶活性和营养物质含量的影响,揭示四倍体刺槐扦插生根机制。结果表明：四倍体刺槐硬枝扦插过程中,插壤经加热处理,插穗内源IAA含量降低,ABA和ZR含量升高;根原基诱导期插穗内源IAA含量的变化趋势与未加热插穗相反,ABA和ZR含量的变化趋势与未加热插穗相同。插壤经加热处理,插穗IAAO、PPO和POD活性的变化趋势与未加热插穗相同,两处理间插穗IAAO、PPO和POD活性差异不显著。插壤经加热处理,可显著提高插穗可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,而对淀粉和植物总氮含量的影响差异不显著。因此,插壤加热处理,主要是通过降低四倍体刺槐硬枝插穗内源IAA含量,提高插穗可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量来促进插条不定根发生。     

Effect of abscisic acid on endogenous IAA, auxin protector levels and peroxidase activity during adventitious root initiation in Vigna radiata cuttings

Endogenous levels of free and conjugated IAA, auxin protectors (Prs) and peroxidase (PER) activity and their relation to adventitious root initiation (ARI) were investigated at the potential sites of adventitious rooting in relation to exogenous application of 250 μM ABA during the first 120 h after treatment. Cuttings from 7-day-old mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.] seedlings were treated with 125, 250, and 500 μM ABA for 24 h. ABA significantly stimulated ARI but extremely inhibited epicotyl growth as compared to control. Free and conjugated IAA were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography while Prs and PER activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The present results also indicate that endogenous free IAA levels peaked later in ABA-treated cuttings than that in control, suggesting that ABA extended the length of the induction phase of rooting process in treated cuttings and that might explain the significant delay of the appearance of roots at the treated cuttings. Higher level of IAA conjugates was found in ABA-treated cuttings than that in untreated ones. Pr level also peaked later in ABA-treated cuttings than that in control, indicating that ABA extended the period of Pr activity. An initial temporary decrease of PER activity was found in associating with high levels of free IAA and Prs during most of the primary events, while the opposite occurred during the secondary events of adventitious rooting process in both treated and untreated cuttings. Thus, ABA may stimulate ARI in mung bean Vigna radiata cuttings by regulating the concentration and /or activities of endogenous IAA, Prs, and PER activity in favor of inducing a large number of adventitious roots at their potential sites of adventitious rooting.     

The effect of ammonium ions on uptake of glutamine and other amino compounds by cultured cells of rapeseed

Rooting responses and ethylene production by hypocotyl cuttings from etiolated mung-bean seedlings treated with the auxins -naphthaleneacetic acid, -(indole-3)-n-butyric acid (IBA) and 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid were determined. There was no relationship between the abilities of the auxins to induce root formation and their capacities for inducing ethylene production. Studies with mixtures of 3-indoleacetic acid, a poor stimulator of rooting but an effective inducer of ethylene production, and IBA, an effective rooting stimulator but a poor inducer of ethylene production, exposure of cuttings to ethylene or (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (Ethephon), hypobaric storage (150 mb) of treated cuttings, and exposure of auxin-treated cuttings to 7% CO₂ also indicated that ethylene is not directly involved in initiation of adventitious roots in this plant material.Abbreviations IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA -(indole-3)-n-butyric acid - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - 2,4,5-TP 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid     

Dynamics of extractable carbohydrates in Pisum sativum. III. The effect of IAA and temperature on content and translocation of carbohydrates in pea cuttings during rooting

The number of roots formed in cuttings of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) was regulated both by the temperature and by IAA, whereas the time to the appearance of the first roots was regulated only by the temperature. Cuttings treated with 10^-3 M IAA had a smaller content of extractable carbohydrates than the control ones irrespective of the temperature. In the bases of cuttings rooted at 25°C the content of extractable carbohydrates was lower than in those rooted at 15°C. Cuttings treated with IAA showed up to elevenfold increase of extractable carbohydrates in the bases at day 3. This increase of soluble sugars was not correlated with the number of roots formed or the speed of rooting. It is concluded that IAA affects the accumulation of carbohydrates, and this is not connected with the rooting ability of the cuttings.     

钙-钙调素在零下低温诱导毛白杨扦插苗抗冻性中的作用

以零下低温锻炼和结合效应剂(CaCl2、钙离子螯合剂EGTA、钙离子通道阻断剂LaCl3或钙调素拮抗剂CPZ)处理的低温锻炼下的毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)扦插苗为试材,对其体内丙.醛(M D A)及钙调素(CaM)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及线粒体腺苷三磷酸酶(Ca2 -ATPase)活性,以及幼苗的半致死温度(LT50)分别进行测定.结果表明,低温锻炼不仅在一定程度上提高了幼苗 CaM含量,SOD、POD和线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性,降低了MDA含量和幼苗半致死温度;而且减小了低温胁迫所引起的SOD、POD、线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性和CaM含量的下降程度以及MDA的增加幅度,促进了胁迫后恢复过程中SOD、POD、线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性和CaM水平的迅速回升以及MDA的下降.在低温锻炼的同时,用CaCl2处理能加强低温锻炼的效果,但这种效应可被EGTA、LaCl3或CPZ处理抑制.经或未经CaCl2处理的低温锻炼后,幼苗中CaM含量的增加有助于SOD、POD和线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性的提高,进而对幼苗抗冻性的提高有明显的促进作用.看来,Ca2 -CaM信号系统可能参与了SOD、POD和线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性的调节和抗冻性的低温诱导.