粘虫咽侧体静止激素的初步分离纯化

用放射化学的方法,检测粘虫Mythimna separata幼虫脑提取物中咽侧体静止激素(Allatostatin,AS)样的活性物质。发现粘虫幼虫脑中含有AS样的活性物质,可抑制离体咽侧体(Corporaallata,CA)的保幼激素(Juvenile hormone,JH)的生物合成。用1个脑当量的幼虫脑提取物,对CA的JH合成的抑制率达51%。幼虫脑提取物经胰蛋白酶水解后,AS活性显著降低,表明幼虫脑中的活性物质是肽类或蛋白质类物质。幼虫脑提取物用Sep-Pak柱初步纯化,有活性的组分经高压液相色谱(HPLC)分离,洗脱组分的AS活性测定表明,有AS活性的组分主要集中在组分1～20和组分30～60,其中对离体CA的JH合成的抑制大于50%的组分有3、5、11、40、54和60。     

棉铃虫及粘虫肠中咽侧体静止激素样活性物质对咽侧体活性的影响

利用放射化学的方法分别检测了棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera、粘虫Mythimnaseparata幼虫和成虫肠中咽侧体静止激素 (allatostatin ,AS)样的活性物质。发现在棉铃虫、粘虫幼虫和成虫肠中均存在的AS样活性物质 ,可以在体外抑制咽侧体 (corporaallata,CA)的保幼激素 ( juvenilehormone,JH)的生物合成。生物测定的结果表明 ,粘虫幼虫肠中AS样活性物质的含量较棉铃虫的高 ;粘虫 1个幼虫肠当量对CA的JH合成的抑制率达 4 3% ,而棉铃虫幼虫肠只有 2 6%。无论是棉铃虫还是粘虫 ,雌成虫中肠对CA的抑制比雄成虫中肠的高 ,后肠对CA的JH合成的抑制明显的低于中肠对CA的抑制。中肠对CA的JH合成的抑制是可回复的。中肠粗提物经蛋白酶水解后对CA合成JH的抑制率降低 ,表明肠中AS样的活性物质是肽或蛋白质     

尖锐湿疣患者皮损中白介素6 mRNA表达的研究

了解尖锐湿疣(CA)患者皮损中白介素6(IL-6)mRNA表达,以探讨IL-6在CA发病及消退中的作用.采用逆转录--聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测18例CA患者皮损组织及10例正常皮肤组织中IL-6mRNA的水平.结果显示正常皮肤组织中有低水平的IL-6mRNA表达,18例CA患者皮损中IL-6mRNA表达较正常皮肤组织明显增高(P<0.001).本研究提示正常皮肤组织中的IL-6可能是表皮细胞增殖的必需因子之一.人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)刺激表皮细胞中IL-6产生增加,CA患者病灶局部存在表皮细胞因子网络的失衡,使表皮细胞过度增生,临床上通过纠正表皮细胞因子网络失衡,对治疗CA可能有一定帮助.     

棉铃虫及粘虫肠中咽侧体静止激素样活性物质对咽侧体活性的影响

利用放射化学的方法分别检测了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、粘虫Mythimna separata幼虫和成虫肠中咽侧体静止激素（allatostatin, AS）样的活性物质。发现在棉铃虫、粘虫幼虫和成虫肠中均存在的AS样活性物质,可以在体外抑制咽侧体（corpora allata, CA）的保幼激素（juvenile hormone, JH）的生物合成。生物测定的结果表明,粘虫幼虫肠中AS样活性物质的含量较棉铃虫的高;粘虫1个幼虫肠当量对CA的JH合成的抑制率达43%,而棉铃虫幼虫肠只有26%。无论是棉铃虫还是粘虫,雌成虫中肠对CA的抑制比雄成虫中肠的高,后肠对CA的JH合成的抑制明显的低于中肠对CA的抑制。中肠对CA的JH合成的抑制是可回复的。中肠粗提物经蛋白酶水解后对CA合成JH的抑制率降低,表明肠中AS样的活性物质是肽或蛋白质。     

蝗虫多型现象的神经内分泌调控

蝗虫有两种型,即散居型和群居型。蝗灾通常由群居型蝗虫所引发。多年来人们试图找到控制蝗虫由散居型向群居型转变的关键因子,以期控制蝗虫危害。该文主要从神经内分泌的角度概述了蝗虫多型性的生理机制,重点介绍了保幼激素、蜕皮激素和脑神经肽［His7］-corazonin在蝗虫多型性中的主要作用和机制。     

冬性植物红菜薹在不同温度处理下花青素积累的分子机制(英文)

芸薹属植物红菜薹(Brassica rapa)是一种常见的蔬菜,它的花茎和叶柄表皮中均积累有花青素。为了解红菜薹中花青素合成的分子机制,进行了花青素含量的测定和花青素合成相关基因的表达分析。研究结果表明,叶柄表皮中的花青素含量显著高于叶片(去主脉)的花青素含量。同时,叶柄表皮花青素合成相关基因的表达水平高于叶柄(去表皮)和叶片(去主脉)的表达水平,这表明红菜薹中花青素的合成调控发生在转录水平。BrMYBA1仅在叶柄表皮中表达,但BrbHLH1和BrWD40在叶片和叶柄表皮中均能检测到表达。因此,BrMYBA1的转录激活可能与红菜薹的花青素合成相关。连续低温处理时,红菜薹叶柄表皮中的花青素含量逐渐增加,而该组织中花青素合成的结构基因表达水平逐渐降低。     

型变过程中亚洲小车蝗体内保幼激素滴度及其代谢相关基因表达量的变化

【目的】本研究旨在明确亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus在不同发育阶段和型变过程中的保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH) JHⅢ滴度及其代谢相关基因表达量的变化情况，为阐明保幼激素调控亚洲小车蝗型变中的生理功能奠定基础。【方法】采用高效液相色谱法测定散居型和群居型亚洲小车蝗不同发育阶段(4和5龄若虫及1, 4, 7, 10, 13和20日龄成虫)和3龄若虫群居化处理1, 3, 5和7 d时亚洲小车蝗血淋巴中的保幼激素JHⅢ的滴度变化；用qRT-PCR检测在群居化处理亚洲小车蝗3龄若虫1, 3, 5和7 d时保幼激素代谢相关的3种基因保幼激素酯酶(juvenile hormone esterase, JHE)基因、保幼激素甲基转移酶(juvenile hormone methyltransferase, JHAMT)基因和保幼激素环氧水解酶(juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase, JHEH)基因的表达量；利用JHⅢ浸液处理散居型亚洲小车蝗3龄若虫后进行群居化处理，测定亚洲小车蝗型变率。【结果】JHⅢ在亚洲小车蝗血淋巴中的滴度甚微...     

白边痂蝗在青藏高原上的地理变异

蝗虫的种类很多,是为害农作物和牧草的重要害虫。有些种类的形态在不同地点或不同时间有很大的差异,这些差异给分类工作者带来了很大的麻烦,并且往往由于标本数量少或工作粗糙而鉴定错误,甚至错订成新种或新亚种。就飞蝗(Locusta migratoria L.)而言,Uvarov(1921)发表了变型学说,揭示了飞蝗的群居型、散居型、中间型之间后代可以互变的秘密。而在此学说发表之前,人们都把群居型和散居型飞蝗当作二个种。这种种内变异现象引起了分类工作者和生态工作者的重视。近来国内外学者对种下分类工作研究颇多,(1972)对雏蝗[Chorthippus macrocerus (F.-W.)]的种内变异进行了研究,利用t值来区分亚种。     

外源保幼激素类似物对七星瓢虫血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白含量的影响

本文以不同剂量的保幼激素(JH)类似物点滴七星瓢虫雌虫,测定了生殖过程中卵母细胞的长度及血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白(Vg)及总蛋白的含量.结果表朋:1.点滴不同剂量ZR-512于虫体后,皆可促进卵母细胞生长,尤以点滴100μg效果最为明显.2.点滴ZR-512后可以促进Vg合成,血淋巴中Vg含量皆明显提高,以点滴100μg效果最好.3.点滴不同剂量ZR-512后,雌虫血淋巴中总蛋白含量变化与Vg含量变化的规律相似.4.血淋巴中的Vg含量与卵母细胞长度有一定相关性.另外,讨论了不同剂量外源JH类似物对CA活性、内源JH水平、Vg含量以及卵母细胞生长的影响.     

多巴胺对昆虫生殖的调控

多巴胺(dopamine, DA)可以调节昆虫的生殖行为,促进昆虫生殖系统的成熟发育.雄性果蝇(Drosophila)性行为受脑后外侧多巴胺能神经元(PPL2ab)调节,这些神经元的DA合成能力影响雄虫之间以及雌雄之间的求偶行为.果蝇雄成虫脑内DA含量影响性取向, DA水平过高或过低都会诱发雄性果蝇之间的同性求偶行为. DA还参与昆虫生殖行为转变和交配后行为的调节. DA可以作为神经激素,调节昆虫的味觉和嗅觉感受,中枢神经系统内DA对昆虫生殖行为的调节涉及多巴胺/蜕皮激素受体(DopEcR)和蜕皮酮的协同作用,果蝇后脑P1神经元在雄虫求偶信息回路中发挥重要作用. DA可以促进卵成熟发育,调节社会性昆虫生殖状态.对卵成熟发育的促进与DA受体表达的发育阶段性差异有关,并涉及DA、章鱼胺(octopamine, OA)、保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH)、蜕皮激素(molting hormone, MH)之间的相互作用.黑腹果蝇幼龄雌虫咽侧体(corpus allatum, CA)内多巴胺D2型受体(DD2R)表达水平远低于性成熟雌虫,多巴胺D1型受体(DopR)表达水平远高于成熟雌虫,而DD2R在性成熟雌虫咽侧体内的表达水平远高于幼龄雌虫. DopR, DD2R在脂肪体细胞中的表达情况与CA相反. DA, JH, MH, OA之间的互作通过对相关基因表达和代谢酶活性调节实现.上述激素间的互作还涉及类胰岛素(insulin-like peptides, ILPs)及其信号途径.蜜蜂工蜂的生殖状态受蜂王上颚信息素(queen’s mandibular gland pheromone, QMP)、幼虫信息素、卵巢D2型受体基因的调节. DA对昆虫生殖调控的研究,可以为新药剂开发以及人类脑科学和神经系统疾病机制研究提供参考.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan