少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。     

闽北林下种植多花黄精的总黄酮含量分析及其生物活性评价

以四种不同林分类型的林下种植多花黄精为研究对象,探讨了超声波辅助提取多花黄精总黄酮的提取条件,分析了多花黄精总黄酮的含量变化,并对多花黄精总黄酮的羟基自由基清除能力和牛血清白蛋白结合效应进行了评价。结果表明,多花黄精总黄酮的适宜提取条件为:超声功率250 W、乙醇体积分数70%、超声提取时间20 min、料液比1∶20(g∶m L)。在此优化提取条件下,测得毛竹林下套种多花黄精的总黄酮含量最高,为(10.30±0.05)mg/g;天然阔叶林、杉木林、人工阔叶林的多花黄精总黄酮含量依次为(5.11±0.06)、(5.00±0.03)、(5.00±0.05)mg/g。多花黄精总黄酮对羟基自由基的清除率达到89.38%;对牛血清白蛋白具有一定的荧光淬灭活性,与BSA结合作用的指数方程为y=1647 e-0.242x(R=0.9969)。     

慈竹竹叶抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺研究

慈竹资源丰富,慈竹叶提取物为天然无毒的植物抗氧化剂。为有效地开发和利用慈竹叶资源,研究了慈竹叶抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺。通过单因素试验考察了提取溶剂乙醇浓度、样品粒度、提取方式、提取时间、料液比、提取温度、提取次数7个因素对慈竹竹叶抗氧化活性成分得率的影响。基于单因素试验结果,进一步运用L9(34)正交设计试验优化慈竹竹叶抗氧化活性成分的提取条件,并确定最佳提取工艺:20~28目竹叶粉末,70℃下,料液比为1∶10(g/m L),以60%乙醇静置提取1.5 h。验证试验确定此工艺稳定可行,可从1 g竹叶粉末中提取得到7.44 mg抗氧化活性成分。含量测定结果表明1 g竹叶粉末中含有总酚4.73 mg,总黄酮5.52mg。     

菊芋叶总黄酮提取工艺优化及含量动态变化

以菊芋叶为原料,研究了甲醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间、固液比等因素对菊芋叶总黄酮含量的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,以L9(34)正交试验方法优化总黄酮提取工艺,然后在该工艺条件下研究不同采收时期对菊芋叶总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明:甲醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间、固液比对菊芋叶总黄酮提取含量均有影响,最佳工艺组合为:用体积分数70%的甲醇,固液比1:30(g/mL),80℃条件下提取2 h,在此条件下,菊芋叶总黄酮含量为7.03%。采收时间对菊芋叶总黄酮含量影响较大,9月份总黄酮含量最高。     

天花粉中总黄酮提取工艺研究

本研究优化了天花粉中总黄酮的提取工艺,采用Al(NO3)3-Na NO2比色法测定了天花粉中总黄酮的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验,以天花粉中总黄酮提取率为指标,探讨了甲醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对天花粉中总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明最佳提取工艺参数为:甲醇体积分数50%、料液比1∶15、提取温度70℃、提取时间90 min。在最佳工艺条件下测得天花粉中总黄酮平均含量为0.1184 mg/g。该方法操作简单,稳定性和重复性好,本实验首次测定了天花粉中总黄酮含量,为天花粉药材质量控制提供了依据。     

莲子心总黄酮的超声波萃取工艺研究

研究了超声波萃取法从莲子心中提取总黄酮的最佳工艺。通过单因素控制法和正交试验,以乙醇为溶剂,总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在超声波辅助下研究了乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比和提取温度对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明影响莲子心中总黄酮提取率的主要因素是乙醇的浓度,其次依次为提取温度、料液比、超声波萃取时间;提取的最佳条件是:乙醇的浓度为60%,提取温度是70℃,料液比为1:24,超声波萃取时间为30 min,此条件下得到的总黄酮的提取率是10.86 mg/g。     

短毛柽柳不同部位中总黄酮含量及稳定性研究

目的：比较短毛柽柳中不同部位总黄酮的含量差异,研究黄酮化合物保存的条件,方法：采用超声波乙醇浸提法,在正交优先的最佳条件（料液比为1∶15,超声处理时间为40min,乙醇浓度为45%,超声温度50℃,提取3次）下提取不同部位总黄酮,并测定不同条件下其吸光度的变化。结果：柽柳花、叶、茎中总黄酮得率分别为24.585mg/g、25.623mg/g、41.726mg/g,柽柳中提取的黄酮溶液在光照、高温、高浓度蔗糖溶液和Na＋存在条件下不稳定;pH 4~7条件下较稳定;氧化剂对其稳定性的影响不大。结论：柽柳茎中总黄酮含量明显高于其他两个部位。柽柳黄酮保存时应避免接触碳水化合物和盐离子,在避光、常温、中性条件下保存。     

响应面法优化芦荟中抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺

对芦荟中抗氧化活性物质提取工艺及其成分进行研究,通过单因素实验和响应面优化,以提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为抗氧化的考察指标,得到芦荟中抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺条件:提取温度29 ℃、料液比(g/mL)1:33、提取时间107 s、微波功率500 W,微波辅助水提,此条件下得到的提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率达91.414%.提取物活性成分分析表明:提取物中芦荟甙含量为1.5 mg/g、黄酮为1.13 mg/g、多酚为4.33 mg/g、多糖为126.36 mg/g.     

葡萄叶中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的：从葡萄叶中提取总黄酮。方法：采用正交试验法研究葡萄叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,考察了乙醇浓度、回流温度、回流时间及料液比四因素对葡萄叶总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：确立了葡萄叶总黄酮最佳提取条件为：45％的乙醇为溶剂、液料比为1：40、提取温度为60％、提取时间2h,在最佳工艺条件下葡萄叶总黄酮含量为5．329mg／g。     

丽江大黄中多羟基芪类成分的提取工艺研究

本文采用正交实验,以Rhaponfin和Desoxyrhaponticin的总含量为指标,运用HPLC含量分析测定法,研究了丽江大黄中多羟基芪类成分的提取工艺.结果表明:以料液比1:12,提取温度65℃,pH =7,浓度为90％乙醇回流提取2h为最佳提取条件,在此条件下提取的多羟基芪类成分Rhapontin和Desoxyrhaponticin的总含量为104.98 mg/g.     

Novel endophytic nitrogen-fixing clostridia from the grass Miscanthus sinensis as revealed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortia consisting of N2-fixing clostridia and diverse nondiazotrophic bacteria were previously isolated from various gramineous plants (K. Minamisawa, K. Nishioka, T. Miyaki, B. Ye, T. Miyamoto, M. You, A. Saito, M. Saito, W. Barraquio, N. Teaumroong, T. Sein, and T. Tadashi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3096-3102, 2004). For this work, clostridial populations and their phylogenetic structures in a stand of the grass Miscanthus sinensis in Japan were assessed by a 16S rRNA gene-targeted terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis combined with most-probable-number (MPN) counts. PCR primers and restriction enzymes were optimized for analyses of the plant clostridia. Clostridia were detected in strongly surface-sterilized leaves, stems, and roots of the plants at approximately 10(4) to 10(5) cells/g of fresh weight; they made up a large proportion of N2-fixing bacterial populations, as determined by MPN counts associated with an acetylene reduction assay. Phylogenetic grouping by MPN-TRFLP analysis revealed that the clostridial populations belonged to group II of cluster XIVa and groups IV and V of cluster I; this result was supported by a culture-independent TRFLP analysis using direct DNA extraction from plants. When phylogenetic populations from M. sinensis and the soil around the plants were compared, group II clostridia were found to exist exclusively in M. sinensis.     

响应面法优化扶桑叶黄酮超声提取工艺

以扶桑叶为研究材料,以Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,利用响应面法对扶桑叶黄酮提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助乙醇提取扶桑叶黄酮优化工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,超声提取时间70 min,液料比40∶1。在最佳工艺条件下扶桑叶黄酮提取的得率最高,为34.56 mg/g。     

不同来源牡丹皮总黄酮含量分析

通过单因素试验、响应面分析法优化牡丹根皮的总黄酮提取工艺,并用紫外分光光度法测定不同产地野生和栽培牡丹皮总黄酮含量。结果显示,最佳工艺为料液比1:50 (g/mL),乙醇浓度50%,提取温度64 ℃,超声时间65 min,陕西商洛和陕西略阳产野生牡丹皮的总黄酮含量最高达64.035 mg·g-1,云南昆明栽培牡丹皮总黄酮含量最低,仅30.439 mg·g-1。     

提取工艺和植物生长调节剂对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量的影响

以罗布麻愈伤组织粉末为材,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应曲面法对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。响应曲面分析结果表明,提取试剂和提取温度对提取的黄酮含量存在显著影响。通过响应曲面分析得到罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮提取的最佳条件为:提取试剂为70%甲醇,物料比1∶40,提取时间为4 h,提取温度为70℃。培养并比较了30种不同植物生长调节剂浓度与配比诱导100 d生长的愈伤组织中黄酮的含量,结果得出MB+KT(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)上培养约100 d的愈伤组织中黄酮含量最高,为73.90mg/g。测定愈伤组织培养30 d内黄酮的积累动态,探明从培养的愈伤组织提取黄酮的最佳时段。通过优化提取工艺和筛选最佳植物生长调节剂浓度与配比,运用组织培养技术提高了罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量。     

地鳖虫活性物质的超临界CO_2萃取及其药效

应用超临界流体萃取技术萃取地鳖虫Eupolyphaga sinensisWalker活性物质,采用三因素三水平正交试验方案,考察压力、温度、时间等参数对萃取地鳖虫活性物质萃取量的影响。同时,对萃取产物与水提物进行药效比较。结果表明,在试验设计范围内,萃取压力18 MPa、温度55℃、时间90 min为最佳工艺参数组合,地鳖虫活性物质萃取量最大能达到62.50 mg/g,影响萃取量三因素主次关系为压力>温度>时间。地鳖虫超临界萃取产物对镇痛、消炎和抗凝血有较好的效果,相对于水提物有更好的发展潜力。     

穗醛栗叶片中黄酮类物质的研究

本试验以小浆果类果树穗醋栗（黑、红、白）的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法。测定了三种穗醋栗叶（鲜样、干样）中总黄酮的含量及不同提取次数下总黄酮的浸提率,确定了最佳提取次数。结果表明：白穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量最高,鲜样785．10mg/100g,干样189.01mg/100g;红穗醋栗叶片次之,鲜样393.22mg／100g,干样1597.73mg／100g;黑穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量相对较少,鲜样151.59mg/100g,干样265.03mg/100g。三种穗醋栗叶片浸提三次,总黄酮的浸提率可达到97％以上。此外,利用定性试验（颜色反应）并和标准品芦丁的试验做比较,初步确定三种穗醋栗叶片所含的黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类。     

Transferability of microsatellite markers from Brachypodium distachyon to Miscanthus sinensis, a potential biomass crop

Miscanthus sinensis has high biomass yield and contributed two of the three genomes in M. x giganteus, a bioenergy crop widely studied in Europe and North America, and thus is a potential biomass crop and an important germplasm for Miscanthus breeding. Molecular markers are essential for germplasm evaluation, genetic analyses and new cultivar development in M. sinensis. In the present study, we reported transferability of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Brachypodium distachyon to M. sinensis. A set of 57 SSR markers evenly distributed across the B. distachyon genome were deliberately designed. Out of these B. distachyon SSR markers, 86.0% are transferable to M. sinensis. The SSR loci amplified in M. sinensis were validated by re-sequencing the amplicons. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the transferable SSR markers varied from 0.073 to 0.375 with a mean of 0.263, assessed based on 21 M. sinensis genotypes. Phylogenetic tree based on 162 alleles detected by 49 SSR markers could unambiguously distinguish B. distachyon from M. sinensis, and cluster 21 M. sinensis genotypes into three groups that are basically in coincidence with their geographical distribution and ecotype classifications. The markers developed by the comparative genomic approach could be useful for germplasm evaluation, genetic analysis, and marker-assisted breeding in Miscanthus.     

Development of SCAR marker for simultaneous identification of Miscanthus sacchariflorus, M. sinensis and M. x giganteus

The sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for simultaneous identification of Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus sinensis, and Miscanthus x giganteus was developed. In this study, it was attempted for the first time to develop the SCAR marker for detecting the molecular phenotypes among Miscanthus species. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA technique was applied for this study and one fragment which is unique to M. sacchariflorus was identified and then sequenced. Based on the specific fragment, one SCAR primer pair designated as MS62-5F and MS62-5R was designed to amplify an approximately 1,000 bp DNA fragment within the sequenced region. Diagnostic PCR was performed using the primer pair. Using this SCAR marker, approximately 1,000 bp and 1,200 bp DNA fragments were obtained in M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis, respectively. Moreover, M. x giganteus was obtained both bands at the same time. The result showed that this SCAR marker can clearly distinguish the M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, and M. x giganteus, respectively.     

青橄榄总黄酮提取工艺及部分性质研究

目的：以青橄榄为原料研究提取分离黄酮类化合物的方法与条件,建立最佳提取工艺。方法：采用醇提法,通过单因素试验考察浸提溶剂浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间等三个因素对青橄榄中黄酮类化合物提取效率的影响,同时采用不同显色方法及紫外、红外测定其性质。结果：在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验L9（34）,得三因素中乙醇浓度的影响最大,并初步判断了提取物的性质。结论：青橄榄中黄酮类化合物最佳提取工艺为：乙醇浓度60%,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间120min,提取率达19.87mg/g。另外初步判断提取物中可能含有查尔酮类化合物。