The frequencies of Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv(1) in Hessen (Germany)

Summary The serum groups Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] and Inv(1) [Inv(1)] of 2000 sera of healthy blood donors from the land Hesse were examined. The results obtained were compared with those known until now. Three persons, not related to each other, possessed the extremely rare phenotype Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm (a-x+b+f+)]. In 0.75% of the cases we found a discordant behaviour of the factors Gm(4) and Gm(12) [Gm(f) and Gm(b)].

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Zusammenfassung 2000 Seren von gesunden Blutspendern aus Hessen wurden bezüglich der Gamma-Globulin-Serumgruppen Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] und Inv(1) [Inv(1)] untersucht. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden mit den bisher bekannten verglichen. Drei miteinander nicht verwandte Personen wiesen den äußerst seltenen Phänotyp Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm(a-x+b+f+)] auf. In 0.75% der Fälle fanden wir ein diskordantes Verhalten der Faktoren Gm(4) und Gm(12) [Gm(f) und Gm(b)].

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Wachsmuth

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Spielmann

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The nomenclature suggested by WHO at a round-table conference over genes, genotypes and allotypes of immunglobulins is used. The conference took place in Geneva on the 1965 31. 5. to the 5. 6. [5].

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With technical assistance of S. Mohs.     

Gm(1) and Gm(2) immunoglobulin allotypes in patients with malignant melanoma.

Gm allotype markers were determined in sera from 71 melanoma patients and 400 control persons. There was no significant difference between both groups in Gm distribution. The results were compared to a recent report. Furthermore, in 25 malanoma patients the capacity of serum to interfere with cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) of autologous lymphocytes was determined and related to the Gm allotype.     

Die Serumgruppen-Systeme Lp(a), Gm(a), Gc und Hp bei Cerebralsklerotikern

Zusammenfassung Im genetisch determinierten Lp(a)-System war die Häufigkeit von Lp(a+) bei 307 Cerebralsklerosefällen statistisch signifikant erhöht im Vergleich zur Lp(a+)-Häufigkeit der gleichen Population. In den Systemen Gm(a), Gc und Hp wurde dagegen keine Veränderung der Genotypenhäufigkeit infolge der arteriosklerotischen Erkrankung festgestellt.

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In the genetically determined Lp(a) system the frequency of Lp(a+) showed with 45.6 per cent a statistically significant raise in 307 patients with cerebral sclerosis compared with 38.7 per cent in normal population. The increase of Lp(a+) is almost exclusively confined to weakly positive precipitation and is discussed in connection with the often observed increase of -lipoprotein concentration in the serum of arteriosclerotic persons. As expected no changes of genotype frequency due to arteriosclerotic diseases has been stated in the Gm(a), Gc and Hp system.

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Herrn Medizinalrat Dr. Wieder, Ärztlicher Direktor des Bezirkskrankenhauses, sind wir für die Überlassung der Blutproben zu besonderem Dank verpflichtet.

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(Direktor: Obermedizinalrat Dr. med. K. Thomas)     

Physicochemical and biological properties of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose (6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin)

A unique multibranched cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose [6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin, (G(2))(3)-betaCD] was prepared. The physicochemical and biological properties of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were determined together with those of monobranched CDs (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (G(1)-alphaCD), 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(1)-betaCD), and 6-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(2)-betaCD)). NMR spectra of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were measured using various 2D NMR techniques. The solubility of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in water and MeOH-water solutions was extremely high in comparison with nonbranched betaCD and was about the same as that of the other monobranched betaCDs. The formation of an inclusion complex of (G(2))(3)-betaCD with stereoisomers (estradiol, retinoic acid, quinine, citral, and glycyrrhetinic acid) depends on the cis-trans isomers of guest compounds. The cis isomers of estradiol, retinoic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were included more than their trans isomers, while the trans isomers of citral and quinine fit more tightly than their cis isomers. (G(2))(3)-betaCD was the most effective host compound in the cis-trans resolution of glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the branched betaCDs, (G(2))(3)-betaCD exhibited the weakest hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and showed negligible cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells up to 200 microM. These results indicate unique characteristics of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in some biological responses of cultured cells.     

Circaetus gallicus (Gm) in Holstein?

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Gm and Km(Inv) frequencies in two Roumanian populations

Summary Serum samples from 170 unrelated individuals from the Suceava District of Roumania and from 199 unrelated individuals from Bucharest, Roumania were tested for Gm(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 21) and Km(1)[Inv(1)]. Selected samples were also tested for Gm(15) and Gm(16).The frequencies of the three common Caucasoid haplotypes, Gm ^{3, 5, 13, 14}, Gm ^{1, 17, 21}, and Gm ^{1, 2, 17, 21} in these two populations were found to be similar to those in neighboring Slavic states and Hungary. Racial admixture was evidenced by the presence of the Gm ^{1, 13, 15, 16, 17} and Gm ^{1, 3, 5, 13, 14} haplotypes, which are primarily Mongoloid, and the Gm ^{1, 5, 13, 14, 17} haplotype which is primarily Negroid.Comparisons of these data with those from earlier studies of populations from Central Europe indicate that the frequency of the Gm ^{3, 5, 13, 14} haplotype within this region is high and essentially uniform. Published data for several blood group systems also indicate essentially uniform distributions of frequencies in this region. It is suggested that this region may be the center of a clin that radiates from it.Post-Doctoral Fellow supported by NIH Training Grant Gm07004.     

Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. I) Biophysical characterization of the interaction mechanisms with bacterial model membranes

Natural occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system of animals and plants. They are considered to be promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Here we present a comparative study of two synthetic peptides: Gm1, corresponding to the natural overall uncharged peptide from Galleria mellonella (Gm) and ΔGm1, a modified overall positively charged Gm1 variant. We have studied the interaction of the peptides with lipid membranes composed of different kinds of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), in some cases also dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) as representative lipid components of Gram-negative bacterial membranes, by applying Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy (FRET), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Gm1 generates a destabilizing effect on the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of the acyl chains of the lipids, as deduced from a decrease in the phase transition temperature and enthalpy, suggesting a fluidization, whereas ΔGm1 led to the opposite behavior. Further, FTIR analysis of the functional groups of the lipids participating in the interaction with the peptides indicated a shift in the band position and intensity of the asymmetric PO₂⁻ stretching vibration originating from the lipid phosphate groups, a consequence of the sterical changes in the head group region. Interestingly, FRET spectroscopy showed a similar intercalation of both peptides into the DMPG and LPS, but much less into the DMPE membrane systems. These results are discussed in the light of a possible use of the peptides as antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin drugs.     

IgG heavy-chain (Gm) allotypes in familial polyposis coli.

Serum samples from 40 Danish patients with familial polyposis coli and 105 normal blood donors were typed for eight Gm and one Km markers. The distribution of all Gm phenotypes as a group was significantly different in the patient population as compared to the controls. Examination of individual Gm phenotypes showed an increased frequency of Gm3;5,13 in the patients.     

Human-type blood groups and Gm factors in gibbons (Hylobates)

Blood specimens from 69 gibbons (63Hylobates lar, 4Hylobates concolor, and 2Hylobates pileatus) were tested for human-type ABO, MN, and Rh blood groups. AmongH. lar, three phenotypes were noted in the ABO and MN blood groups respectively, but all fourH. concolor were grouped as AM. All group A gibbons were of subgroup A₁; subgroups A₂B and A₁₂B were observed at a low frequency in group AB gibbons. Le^b antigen was detected in about 30% of the red cell samples fromH. lar, but all the samples were negative for Le^a. All the gibbons tested had c(hr) antigen but no other Rh antigens (D, C, E, and e) in their red cells. Some selected blood samples fromH. lar were also tested for some other blood group antigens and for the Gm and Inv factors. The Jk^a antigen was detected in all the red cell samples tested, but the S, s, U, K, k, and Fy^a antigens were not. In the tests of plasma with anti-Gm (1),H. lar could be divided into two groups, i.e., Gm(1)^Gi and Gm(–1)^Gi; Gm(2), Gm(4), and Inv(1) were absent in the species.