高原春油菜田小菜蛾种群动态和抗药性的监测

【目的】为了准确掌握典型春油菜种植区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群变化动态和抗药性现状。【方法】诱捕法调查了青海高原小菜蛾成虫发生动态、室内用浸渍法测定了小菜蛾田间种群的抗性倍数,并进行了田间药效试验。【结果】青海省小菜蛾一般一年发生3代,但2 500 m以上的地区第3代成虫数量较第1代、第2代明显下降。在我省高原春油菜区,每日20:00至次日晨4:00是小菜蛾成虫发生主要的时间段。小菜蛾在青海省不能越冬。湟中点小菜蛾对溴虫腈产生低水平抗性;对多杀菌素、丁醚脲产生中等抗性水平;对Bt、高效氯氰菊酯、茚虫威产生高水平的抗性;对阿维菌素、啶虫隆、氯虫苯甲酰胺产生极高水平抗性。互助点小菜蛾对溴虫腈、丁醚脲产生低水平抗性;对多杀菌素、啶虫隆产生中等抗性水平;对Bt、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威产生高水平抗性;对阿维菌素产生极高水平抗性。小菜蛾的抗性监测结果与田间药效结果基本一致,溴虫腈的抗性倍数最低,田间防治效果好于其他参试药剂。【结论】青海省小菜蛾年发生代数较少,且不能越冬。春油菜田小菜蛾已对大部分农药产生了抗药性。     

内蒙古小菜蛾种群数量动态及抗药性监测

2009—2011年对内蒙古呼和浩特市郊区十字花科蔬菜和武川县油菜上小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群消长动态进行了调查,并比较了呼和浩特地区小菜蛾对11种杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,在呼和浩特郊区,小菜蛾成虫于4月上旬开始出现,一年中有4个发生高峰,分别为4月下旬或5月上旬、6月中旬、8月下旬和10月上旬;小菜蛾幼虫在春甘蓝和秋白菜整个生长期间均有发生,大约有4个发生高峰,分别为6月上中旬、6月下旬或7月上旬、9月上旬和10月上旬。在武川县,小菜蛾成虫于4月末或5月初开始发生,春夏季数量高于秋季,共有2个发生高峰,2009年为5月下旬和6月中旬,2010年为6月上旬和8月上中旬;小菜蛾幼虫在6月下旬开始出现,在油菜整个生长期间,小菜蛾幼虫约有3个数量高峰,分别为7月初、7月末和8月下旬,秋季数量高于春夏季。在供试的11种杀虫剂中,溴虫腈对小菜蛾幼虫的毒力最高,LC50为0.22 mg·L-1;其次为多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫腈和BT,LC50分别为0.82⁰.83、1.09、1.36和3.41 mg·L-1;再次为茚虫威和阿维菌素,LC50分别为15.74 mg·L-1和6.030.83、1.09、1.36和3.41 mg·L-1;再次为茚虫威和阿维菌素,LC50分别为15.74 mg·L-1和6.03²3.47 mg·L-1;然后为丁醚尿、虫酰肼和啶虫隆,LC50分别为51.30、52.66和61.91 mg·L-1;最低为高效氯氰菊酯,LC50为462.6623.47 mg·L-1;然后为丁醚尿、虫酰肼和啶虫隆,LC50分别为51.30、52.66和61.91 mg·L-1;最低为高效氯氰菊酯,LC50为462.66⁶73.26 mg·L-1。抗药性测定表明,呼和浩特地区小菜蛾幼虫未对溴虫腈、虫酰肼、氯虫苯甲酰胺和丁醚尿产生抗性,对多杀菌素和氟虫腈为低抗性,对茚虫威和BT为中抗性,对高效氯氰菊酯、啶虫隆和阿维菌素为极高抗性。     

六种杀虫剂对棉铃虫的毒力效果比较

【目的】比较新型杀虫剂对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群的毒力效果,从中筛选出高效农药种类,为当前棉铃虫防治中合理用药提供参考。【方法】在室内采用点滴法,测定了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、茚虫威、溴虫腈、甲维·茚虫威对4个地理种群棉铃虫3龄幼虫的毒力效果;并比较了甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺对2-5龄幼虫的毒力作用。【结果】6种杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的毒力效果从高到低的顺序依次为:氯虫苯甲酰胺甲维盐甲维·茚虫威溴氰虫酰胺茚虫威溴虫腈;不同地理种群对茚虫威的敏感性差异最大,其次依次为甲维·茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、甲维盐和溴虫腈。甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺对2-4龄幼虫均具有较好毒杀效果,但氯虫苯甲酰胺对5龄幼虫的毒效明显优于甲维盐。【结论】氯虫苯甲酰胺和甲维盐是当前防治棉铃虫的首选农药,且氯虫苯甲酰胺对高龄幼虫毒杀效果较好。     

北京和河北地区小菜蛾的抗药性动态

【目的】了解北京和河北地区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)对主要防治药剂的抗药性现状,为小菜蛾的有效防治提供参考。【方法】2011—2015年,采用浸叶法监测了小菜蛾对9种药剂的抗药性。【结果】小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素和丁醚脲均为敏感水平,对Bt制剂、虫螨腈和茚虫威个别年份出现中等抗性水平,但总体上为敏感状态,对阿维菌素和氟啶脲保持中等抗性水平,对高效氯氰菊酯为中等至高水平抗性。【结论】在北京和河北地区高效氯氰菊酯不适用于小菜蛾的防治,少用或暂停使用阿维菌素,其它药剂可交替或轮换使用。     

小菜蛾对溴虫腈抗性筛选、风险评估及交互抗性研究

溴虫腈是目前防治小菜蛾的主要杀虫剂之一,为评估其抗性风险,在室内采用浸叶法,用溴虫腈亚致死剂量对小菜蛾3龄幼虫进行抗性筛选,筛选18代时应用域性状分析法进行抗性风险评估及交互抗性测定。结果表明:小菜蛾饲养20代,用溴虫腈筛选18代,与起始种群相比,抗性增长48.2倍。域性状分析法估算得小菜蛾对溴虫腈的抗性现实遗传力为0.465,且前半段筛选的抗性遗传力(0.563)远大于后半段筛选的抗性遗传力(0.078)。在现实遗传力为室内估算值的一半,死亡率为80%-90%时,预计小菜蛾对溴虫腈抗性增加10倍,仅需要6.6-8.3代。交互抗性测定结果表明,小菜蛾对溴虫腈产生抗性后,对阿维菌素、虱螨脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素和茚虫威无交互抗性,但对丁醚脲可能具有交互抗性。结果显示:小菜蛾具有对溴虫腈产生高水平抗性的风险,但可通过与没有交互抗性的杀虫剂的轮用来延缓抗性的发展。     

两个广西草地贪夜蛾种群对常用杀虫剂的敏感性测定

为了解入侵广西的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对不同杀虫剂的敏感性,为筛选该虫的有效防治药剂,以及为该虫的抗药性监测提供科学依据。本研究用浸叶法分别测定了田阳种群对13种杀虫剂和南宁种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感性,并比较了两个种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感性差异。结果表明,田阳种群对13种杀虫剂的敏感性依次为:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐多杀菌素氯虫苯甲酰胺虫螨腈溴氰菊酯阿维菌素甲氰菊酯氟氯氰菊酯茚虫威呋虫胺毒死蜱高效氯氰菊酯吡虫啉,其中对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感性较高,LC_(50)值分别为0.0015、0.0062、0.0075 mg a.i/L,毒力指数分别为480.47、116.24、96.09,其次是虫螨腈、溴氰菊酯、阿维菌素,LC_(50)值分别为0.0296、0.0590、0.0619 mg a.i/L,毒力指数分别为:24.35、12.22、11.64,对其他药剂的敏感性较低,LC_(50)值在0.2544～0.7207 mg a.i/L,毒力指数在1～2.83,除对溴氰菊酯和阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯、呋虫胺和毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯和吡虫啉的敏感性差异不显著外,对其它药剂差异显著。南宁种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感性依次为:氯虫苯甲酰胺溴氰菊酯氟氯氰菊酯甲氰菊酯高效氯氰菊酯,LC_(50)值分别为0.0142、0.0413、0.0792、0.2081和0.5947 mg a.i/L,毒力指数分别为:41.88、14.40、7.51、2.86和1.00,对各药剂的敏感性均差异显著。南宁和田阳种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性差异均较大,相对毒力指数分别在1.00～41.88和1.00～79.25。两个种群对同种杀虫剂的敏感性也有所差异,除对高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性差异不显著外,对其余药剂的敏感性均差异显著。     

新疆和云南番茄潜叶蛾种群对六种杀虫剂的敏感性及其与解毒酶活性的关系

【目的】番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta 是新入侵我国的对番茄具有毁灭性危害的入侵害虫,目前入侵我国的番茄潜叶蛾种群对杀虫剂的抗性尚无报道。本研究旨在明确新疆和云南番茄潜叶蛾田间种群对6种常用杀虫剂的敏感性及其与解毒酶活性的关系。【方法】采用浸叶法测定6种常用杀虫剂对番茄潜叶蛾新疆和云南种群2龄幼虫的室内毒力。通过对2龄幼虫的生物测定确定3种增效剂［CYP450抑制剂胡椒基丁醚(PBO)、酯酶抑制剂磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和GST抑制剂丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)］对氯虫苯甲酰胺的增效作用。采用酶活性分析测定室内敏感种群和田间抗性种群(新疆种群) 2龄幼虫体内解毒酶［细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)］活性,以确定杀虫剂抗性与解毒酶活性的关系。【结果】番茄潜叶蛾云南种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性由高到低依次为甲维盐、溴虫腈、多杀菌素、茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯。新疆种群对6种杀虫剂的敏感性由高到低依次为甲维盐、溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素、茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯。与室内敏感种群相比,云南和新疆种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平最高,抗性倍数分别为212.7和169.3倍。生物测定结果表明,3种增效剂PBO, TPP和DEM均对氯虫苯甲酰胺无明显增效作用。酶活性测定结果表明,番茄潜叶蛾室内敏感种群和田间抗性种群之间2龄幼虫中CYP450, GST和CarE活性无显著差异。【结论】番茄潜叶蛾新疆和云南种群对测试的6种杀虫剂产生不同程度的抗性,对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性最高,番茄潜叶蛾对杀虫剂的抗性与解毒酶活性无关。本研究的结果对番茄潜叶蛾的田间防治和杀虫剂抗性治理具有指导意义。     

云南不同菜区小菜蛾对三种生物农药的抗药性及其变化趋势

【目的】通过抗药性监测掌握滇中通海和滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群对3种生物农药的抗药性水平及其变化趋势,为抗性治理提供技术支持。【方法】2008—2015年,在室内采用浸叶法测定了云南两个菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素、多杀菌素和苏云金杆菌的抗药性。【结果】2008年抗药性测定结果表明,滇中通海、滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性水平均为高抗,对阿维菌素LC50值分别34.017和25.688 mg/L,抗性倍数为1 700.85和1 284.40倍;对多杀菌素LC50值分别13.728和19.830 mg/L,抗性倍数为114.40倍和165.25倍,两菜区对多杀菌素的抗性也为高抗;两菜区小菜蛾对苏云金杆菌敏感,LC50值分别0.530和0.538 mg/L,抗性倍数为2.04倍和2.07倍,属于抵抗水平。到2015年,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别下降到了455.70倍和255.05倍,下降趋势显著,但两菜区仍属高抗水平;对多杀菌素的抗药性下降趋势不显著,抗性倍数分别为35.56倍和75.28倍,为中抗水平,但年度间变化幅度较大,LC50为0.885~19.830 mg/L;两菜区对苏云金杆菌仍敏感,抗性倍数分别为5.41倍和1.73倍。【结论】总体上,2008—2015年度间有差异,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对3种药剂的抗药性基本一致,对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性有所下降,但仍处于高抗水平,对苏云金杆菌一直保持在抵抗水平,建议生产上可以轮换使用苏云金杆菌,以提高对小菜蛾的持续控制效果。     

室内测定6种化学杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力

2019年草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda入侵我国多个省份和地区,对我国农业生产造成重大影响。化学防治是应对入侵害虫的主要措施,因此,本研究测定了6种不同作用机制杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾初孵和3龄幼虫的生物活性。结果表明,对初孵幼虫具有较高毒力作用的为氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素、茚虫威、阿维菌素和甲氧虫酰肼;对3龄幼虫具有较高毒力作用的为氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素和茚虫威;与初孵幼虫相比,阿维菌素、茚虫威、多杀菌素和甲氧虫酰肼的LC 50分别提高了78.06、1.70、11.73和23.09倍。本研究筛选出了对草地贪夜蛾初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫杀虫效果较好的药剂,证明了低龄幼虫对部分农药抵抗力较弱,而3龄后的幼虫抵抗力显著增加,为田间草地贪夜蛾的化学防治提供了科学的用药指导。     

成虫期饲毒对小菜蛾试验种群当代与子代繁殖力的影响

为研究成虫期饲毒对小菜蛾种群繁殖力的影响,将氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素和溴虫腈3种药剂用10％蜂蜜水分别配制成终浓度为250 mg/L、125 mg/L和229.25 mg/L的溶液,饲喂敏感品系小菜蛾成虫,观察对成虫寿命及产卵量的影响;在此基础上,配制终浓度分别为50、20、10和5 mg/L的氯虫苯甲酰胺浓度蜂蜜水溶液,研究对小菜蛾成虫交配率、成虫寿命、产卵量及卵孵化率的影响;并通过建立子代幼虫生命表,分析摄入不同浓度药剂后对子代幼虫存活和生殖力的影响.结果表明,高剂量杀虫剂的摄入,对小菜蛾成虫具有直接毒杀作用;降低杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺摄入剂量后,成虫交配率和产卵量与对照相比显著降低(P＜0.05);雌成虫平均寿命出现一定程度下降,下降幅度与处理浓度呈正相关;分析子代幼虫生命表,发现子代成虫产卵量仍显著减少(P＜0.05).计算各处理对子代幼虫种群控制作用干扰指数(IIPC),结果表明小菜蛾成虫摄入杀虫剂后,至少2代内子代种群发展产生较强的干扰.     

Insecticide resistance in populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) has a great economic importance in Brassicaceae crops in many parts of the world. Recurrent infestations of this pest in growing areas of Pernambuco state, Brazil, have led farmers to frequently spray their crops with insecticides. However, control failures by several insecticides have been alleged by farmers. The objective of this study was to check whether resistance to insecticides could explain these control failures in P. xylostella. Populations of P. xylostella from Pernambuco were collected between January and April 2009. The resistance ratios of P. xylostella populations were compared among five different active ingredients: abamectin, methomyl, lufenuron, indoxacarb, and diafenthiuron by leaf dipping bioassays using foliar discs of kale leaves. Mortality data were submitted to probit analysis. The P. xylostella populations showed variable response and significant resistance to one or more insecticides. The population from Bezerros County exhibited the highest resistance ratios to indoxacarb (25.3 times), abamectin (61.7 times), and lufenuron (705.2 times), when compared to the reference population. The populations from Bonito and Jupi Counties were 33.0 and 12.0 times more resistant to lufenuron and abamectin, respectively, when compared with the reference population. Resistance to methomyl was the least common, but not less important, in at least four populations. These results indicated that control failures were associated with resistance by some of the evaluated insecticides, reinforcing the need for resistance management in areas of the state of Pernambuco.     

Prevalence and stability of insecticide resistances in field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Huizhou,Guangdong Province,China

The field population of Spodoptera litura from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China was evaluated for resistance to 21 insecticides, including conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Extreme levels of resistance were observed to metaflumizone and emamectin benzoate with resistance factors of 234.1 and 183.3, respectively. Resistance to abamectin was also high (perhaps extremely high) and over 71.9-fold. The Huizhou population of S. litura possessed high resistance to deltamethrin (96.5-fold) and moderate resistance to beta cyfluthrin and lambda cyhalothrin but remained susceptible to bifenthrin. Moderate resistance to chlorantraniliprole (22.3-fold), endosulfan (22.2-fold), tebufenozide (10.7-fold) and thiodicarb (14.3-fold), and low-level resistance to fipronil, indoxacarb and spinosad were also reported in this population. This field population remained susceptible to acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron, chlorpyrifos, pyridalyl and spinetoram. The stabilities of resistance to metaflumizone, emamectin benzoate, deltamethrin, chlorantraniliprole and endosulfan were evaluated, the resistance level decreased when the insecticide stress was removed, suggesting stop of the application of insecticides with high level resistance could be implemented into the resistance management. Because S. litura from Huizhou developed resistance to multiple insecticides, integration of different control practices, especially the rotation of insecticides with biocontrol agents, should be performed in the management of this pest. The results suggested the suspension of the application of insecticide to which S. litura had developed high level of resistance in order to mitigate the resistance status, and the use of the insecticides to which this pest remained sensitive, including spinetoram, pyridalyl, indoxacarb, hexaflumuron, chlorfluazuron, chlorfenapyr and bifenthrin, could be incorporated into the alternating application for resistance management.     

Toxicity of seven termiticides on the formosan and eastern subterranean termites

Using both topical application and substrate (sand) treatments the toxicities of seven new generation soil termiticides were evaluated to determine the LD50 and LC50 against two economically important subterranean termite species, eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The lethal dose toxicity (LD50) rankings for R. flavipes from highest to lowest were: fipronil > bifenthrin > chlorantraniliprole > cyantraniliprole > imidacloprid > chlorfenapyr > indoxacarb; the rankings for C. formosanus were fipronil > imidacloprid > chlorantraniliprole > cyanthraniliprole> bifenthrin > chlorfenapyr > indoxacarb. The respective lethal concentration toxicity (LC50) rankings were fipronil > bifenthrin > chlorfenapyr > indoxacarb > cyantraniliprole > chlorantraniliprole > imidacloprid for R. flavipes; and fipronil > chlorfenapyr > bifenthrin >imidacloprid > cyantraniliprole > chlorantraniliprole > indoxacarb for C. formosanus. The study provides an opportunity to directly compare toxicity, action speed, and bioavailability among this group of newer generation soil termiticides.     

Selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and their compatibility with insecticides used in tomato crop

The activity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana towards eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) was evaluated. Our data showed that the isolates were pathogenic to both developmental stages tested and the eggs were more susceptible than the 1st instars. The isolates URPE-6 and URPE-19 of M. anisopliae were more pathogenic to eggs and larvae, respectively. The compatibility of these two isolates with the insecticides chlorfenapyr, spinosad, indoxacarb, abamectin, and neem were evaluated. Spinosad and indoxacarb were compatible with the two M. anisopliae isolates in all tested concentrations. At the average recommended concentration, chlorfenapyr was compatible to URPE-6 and abamectin to UFPE-19. The use of entomopathogenic fungi associated with compatible insecticides may be a useful alternative to control T. absoluta.     

茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯对小菜蛾的亚致死效应

【目的】通过研究茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯两种杀虫剂对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)的亚致死效应, 进一步了解农药的杀虫机制, 同时为合理使用农药、 减少农药给环境和农业生产带来的一系列不良影响提供理论依据。【方法】浸叶法测定茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力; 选择茚虫威的3个实验浓度（TI-LC₁₅, TI-LC₃₀和TI-LC₅₀）和高效氯氰菊酯的3个实验浓度（TB-LC₁₅, TB-LC₃₀和TB-LC₅₀）分别处理小菜蛾2龄幼虫48 h, 记录各虫态存活率和发育历期, 3龄、 4龄幼虫及蛹的重量, 并记录单雌产卵量和成虫寿命; 应用特征年龄 龄期及两性生命表方法, 研究不同处理组小菜蛾后代的生长发育、 存活率以及种群增长。【结果】TI-LC₃₀, TI-LC₅₀, TB-LC₁₅, TB-LC₃₀和TB-LC₅₀处理组各虫态发育历期比对照组显著延长（P<0.05）, 3龄、 4龄幼虫和蛹的重量以及单雌产卵量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）, 但TI-LC₁₅组小菜蛾3龄和4龄幼虫发育历期均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。TI-LC₃₀, TI-LC₅₀, TB-LC₃₀和TB LC50组小菜蛾后代的总产卵期显著短于相应对照组（P<0.05）, 产卵量也都显著降低（P<0.05）; TI和TB实验组小菜蛾后代种群内禀增长率r_m、 周限增长率λ、 净生殖率R₀以及总生殖率GRR都比对照显著降低（P<0.05）。【结论】低剂量的茚虫威和高效氯氰菊酯能显著抑制处理当代小菜蛾的生长发育和生殖, 并对其下一代的生长发育及种群增长也有明显的抑制。     

泉州地区小菜蛾对三氟氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性监测

用浸叶法对泉州地区小菜蛾对三氟氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性进行了监测。结果表明,小菜蛾对三氟氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性呈逐年上升趋势,2003年的分别为2000年的7．4和4．3倍。     

云南弥渡县番茄潜叶蛾的发生情况及田间防治效果

外来入侵性害虫番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)于2018年3月26日在云南弥渡县被发现,为明确其发生为害情况,筛选出有效的防治药剂,阻止该虫的发生和蔓延,本研究采用性诱剂进行田间调查分析了番茄潜叶蛾的发生情况,通过田间药效试验比较噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、虫螨腈、苏云菌杆菌、乙基多杀菌素、阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫·高氯氟和阿维·灭蝇胺对番茄潜叶蛾的防治效果.调查结果表明该虫在番茄种植区域均有发生,大棚番茄地发生尤其严重,为害株达100％,百叶幼虫量55.00～101.67头/百叶,周诱蛾量4.70～61.20头/板,果子的为害率达19.33％,最高达40％.田间药效的结果表明:33％阿维·灭蝇胺SC防效较好,药后3 d防效达74.30％,其次30％虫螨腈SC、6％阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和6％乙基多杀菌素SC药后3 d防效64.25％、67.98％、54.85％,药后5 d防效79.08％、79.00％、73.45％,药后7 d防效81.60％、80.45％、65.70％.结果表明番茄潜叶蛾在弥渡县大棚发生为害较为严重,性诱剂对成虫有良好的诱集效果,虫螨腈、阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多杀菌素和阿维·灭蝇胺可作为幼虫的防治药剂.     

Genetic, biochemical, and physiological characterization of spinosad resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Bioassays (at generation G2) with a newly collected field population (designated MN) of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Multan, Pakistan, indicated resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, deltamethrin, abamectin, and acetamiprid. At G2 the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations, one was selected (G2 to G11) with spinosad (Spino-SEL), whereas the second was left unselected (UNSEL). A significant reduction in the resistance ratio for each compound was observed in UNSEL at G12, indicating that the observed resistance to each insecticide was unstable. For Spino-SEL, bioassays at G12 found that selection with spinosad gave a resistance ratio of 283 compared with MN at G2. The resistance to indoxacarb and acetamiprid in the Spino-SEL population increased to 13- and 67-fold, respectively, compared with MN at G2. The toxicity of deltamethrin to Spino-SEL was similar to its toxicity to the MN population at G2. This suggests that spinosad selection maintained the otherwise unstable resistance to the compound. In contrast, resistance to abamectin decreased significantly from G2 to G12 in Spino-SEL. Logit regression analysis of F1 reciprocal crosses between Spino-SEL and the susceptible Lab-UK indicated that resistance to spinosad was inherited as an autosomal, incompletely recessive trait. The spinosad resistance allele significantly delays the developmental time, reduced pupal weight, number of eggs laid, and number of eggs hatched compared with Lab-UK. Further analysis suggests Spino-SEL exhibited a significantly lower intrinsic rate of population increase (r(m)) to all other populations tested.     

Cross-resistance and genetics of resistance to indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bioassays (at generation G1) with a newly collected field population of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Multan, Pakistan, showed resistance ratios of 15, 23, 37, and 16 for indoxacarb, spinosad, abamectin, and emamectin, respectively, compared with a laboratory susceptible population, Lab-PK. At G1, the field population was selected with indoxacarb by using single pair crosses. For Indoxa-SEL, bioassay at G4 found that selection increased resistance ratio to 95 for indoxacarb compared with Lab-PK. Selection with indoxacarb significantly increased resistance to spinosad and emamectin; however, resistance to abamectin was observed to drop. A significant reduction in the resistance to indoxacarb was observed in Indoxa-SEL at G9, indicating unstable resistance to indoxacarb; however, it was stable for fipronil. Synergism tests with microsomal oxidase and esterase-specific inhibitors suggested that the indoxacarb resistance was associated with microsomal oxidase. Reciprocal genetic crosses between Indoxa-SEL and Lab-PK populations indicated that resistance was autosomal and incompletely dominant. Tests of monogenic inheritance suggested that resistance to indoxacarb was controlled by more than one locus.