阿米替林对脊髓电刺激治疗幻肢痛疗效的影响

目的：本研究旨在探讨阿米替林干预对脊髓电刺激（SCS）治疗幻肢痛疗效的影响。方法：研究对象为2007年1月至2009年6月在我科行SCS置入术且符合入组标准并自愿参加研究的幻肢痛患者,共获7例。术后SCS均开启,阿米替林治疗在术后1个月时开始。疼痛、情绪、生活质量评估采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scales,VAS法）,现时疼痛强度评分法（presentpain intensity。PPI）,综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表（The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HAD）,疼痛失能指数（Pain disability index,PDI）。结果：（1）开启SCS后患者的疼痛、抑郁焦虑情绪及生活质量均得到显著改善。（2）所有患者在使用阿米替林治疗以后疼痛、情绪及生活质量也显著改善。结论：阿米替林能显著提高SCS对幻肢痛的疗效。     

综合性心理干预对冠心病介入治疗患者抑郁焦虑及生活质量的影响

目的:探究综合性心理干预对冠心病介入治疗患者焦虑、抑郁及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2014年6月~2015年6月期间我院收治冠心病性介入治疗患者3280例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(1648例)和对照组(1632例),观察组患者给予常规治疗、抗抑郁治疗及综合心理干预,对照组给予常规治疗、抗抑郁治疗;采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价患者治疗前后焦虑、抑郁状态,生活质量评价量表QLQ-C30量表评价患者治疗前后生活质量的变化情况。结果:两组患者在入院时SAS和SDS得分不存在差异(P0.05);干预1月后两组组患者的SAS和SDS得分均出现显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患者的SAS和SDS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05);干预前两组患者生存质量各维度的评分均不存在显著差异(P0.05);干预1个月后两组患者躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能及总体症状较干预前均出现明显改善(P0.05),且干预后观察组患者躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能及总体症状均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:冠心病介入治疗患者进行综合性心理干预能够改善患者心理状态,降低患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高生活质量,对临床冠心病的治疗有重要的意义。     

穴位敷贴法联合盐酸羟考酮缓释片对中重度癌性疼痛患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨穴位敷贴法联合盐酸羟考酮缓释片对中重度癌性疼痛患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年6月-2017年10月期间海南省人民医院收治的恶性肿瘤患者90例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=45)与研究组(n=45),对照组患者给予盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,研究组患者在此基础上联合使用穴位敷贴法治疗。观察两组患者治疗后疼痛缓解情况及不良反应发生情况,比较两组患者治疗前后抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分以及生活质量情况。结果:研究组患者疼痛缓解率为66.67%(30/45),高于对照组的48.89%(22/45)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后SDS评分、SAS评分均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后睡眠、饮食、日常生活以及情绪等评分均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者恶心、头晕、排尿困难、便秘等发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而研究组皮肤刺激发生率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位敷贴法联合盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗可减轻中重度癌性疼痛患者疼痛程度,改善其负性情绪及生活质量,且不良反应较少。     

胃癌患者术后生存质量与心理健康调查及干预效果探讨

目的:调查胃癌患者术后的生活质量及心理健康状况,探讨护理干预对胃癌患者术后恢复的积极意义,为胃癌的围术期护理提供参考。方法:选取2009年7月-2012年1月在我院接受手术治疗的胃癌患者70例,手术治疗方式根据患者的具体情况采用肿瘤剔除术、近端胃切除、远端胃切除及胃大切除术等。按照术后所采取的护理方式,将所选病例分为干预组和对照组。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后的焦虑、抑郁发生率及生活质量的评分变化。结果:对照组焦虑发生率为76.6%,抑郁发生率为83.3%;干预组焦虑发生率为55%,抑郁发生率为50%。干预组患者焦虑及抑郁的发生率显著低于对照组患者(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的生理机能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感功能及认知功能评分均比治疗前有所改善,干预组患者改善更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:护理干预不仅可以缓解胃癌患者术后出现的负面情绪,而且有利于改善患者术后的生存质量,值得在临床进一步推广。     

心理护理对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者焦虑心理的影响

目的:探讨心理护理对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者焦虑心理的影响。方法:将84例腹腔镜手术患者随机分为2组:对照组23例,给予常规护理;心理护理组61例,给予常规护理+心理护理,其中文化程度<高中的患者34例,文化程度≥高中的患者27例。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价焦虑状态,采用疼痛视觉模拟标尺评估患者疼痛情况,以及评估患者情绪情感、恐惧程度及对治疗满意度。结果:与对照组比较,心理护理组患者焦虑程度、恐惧程度、疼痛评分、显著下降(P<0.05);与文化程度<高中比较,文化程度≥高中的患者焦虑评分显著降低(P<0.05),情绪情感的评分显著增加(P<0.05);术后第1-2天疼痛评分无显著差异(P>0.05),术后第3天疼痛评分有显著差异(P<0.05);心理护理组的满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术患者存在明显的焦虑、恐惧症状,心理护理干预能有效缓解患者焦虑心理,减轻疼痛程度,减少疼痛时间,提高患者对医疗服务满意度,可有效提高临床护理质量与效率。     

运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者抑郁状态的效果观察

目的:探讨运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者抑郁状态的临床效果。方法:选取52例COPD患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各26例。对照组给予支气管扩张、健康教育、氧疗,试验组在对照组的基础上实施运动疗法,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ADL生活质量量表对两组患者治疗前后进行评估。结果:对照组患者SAS、SDS评分治疗前后无明显变化,试验患者SAS、SDS评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),两组治疗后组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组生活质量的改善优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:运动疗法能有效的改善COPD患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高患者的生存质量。     

焦虑和抑郁症状对腰椎手术患者生活质量的影响

为了探讨后路腰椎椎间融合术对腰椎退行性疾病患者预后的影响,并揭示手术前后焦虑和抑郁症状对患者生活质量的影响,本研究以76例行后路腰椎椎间融合术的退行性腰椎疾病患者作为研究对象,比较手术前和手术后12个月患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和健康调查简表-36(SF-36),并通过医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)评估患者焦虑和抑郁症状。患者手术治疗12个月后,VAS疼痛从9.64±4.21下降到5.51±2.41,ODI从(77.08±33.68)%下降到(51.70±22.59)%。术后SF-36领域内,功能、身体方面的局限性、疼痛、活力、社交和情感方面显著改善(p0.05)。术后12个月随访时,没有焦虑症状的患者在疼痛、活力、社交方面和心理方面表现出更好的结果,而没有抑郁症的患者在疼痛、总体健康、活力、社交方面、情绪方面和心理健康方面均表现出更好的结果(p0.05)。研究结论初步说明,后路腰椎椎间融合术可有效改善腰椎退行性疾病患者的疼痛、功能、身体方面的局限性、活力、社交方面和情绪方面。没有焦虑和抑郁症状的患者与具有焦虑和抑郁症状的患者相比,具有更好的健康相关的生活质量。     

个性化干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴焦虑与抑郁患者治疗依从性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨个性化干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴焦虑、抑郁患者治疗依从性和生活质量的影响。方法选取2017年1月～2018年1月我院收治的101例COPD伴焦虑、抑郁患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组(51例)和对照组(50例)。对照组给予常规干预,实验组在常规干预基础上给予个性化干预。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及世界卫生组织生存质量简表评价患者的依从性、焦虑、抑郁程度及生活质量。比较两组患者的治疗依从性及焦虑、抑郁程度及生活质量评分。结果干预后,实验组总依从率为88.2%(45/51),明显高于对照组的62.0%(31/50)(χ~2=0.002 3,P0.05)。两组干预后的焦虑、抑郁评分均明显低于干预前(P0.05);干预后,实验组的焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(t=11.637 1、8.555 7,P0.05)。两组干预后生活质量各维度评分均高于干预前(P0.05);干预后,实验组的生活质量各维度评分均高于对照组(t=3.362 2、1.933 2、2.521 7、2.911 2,P0.05)。结论 COPD伴焦虑、抑郁患者采用个性化干预措施,可有效缓解其焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高其依从性与生活质量。     

精神心理干预对慢性肛周湿疹患者治疗效果、心理状态及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨精神心理干预对慢性肛周湿疹患者治疗效果、心理健康及生活质量的影响,为临床治疗提供新的切入点。方法:选取122例慢性肛周湿疹患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各61例。对照组接受常规治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上接受精神心理干预,两组患者均治疗8周。对比两组患者的临床疗效,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后的心理状态以及生活质量的变化情况。结果:干预组的总有效率为85.25%,明显高于对照组的62.30%(P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、皮肤病生活质量指数(DLQI)评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分均降低,且干预组患者治疗后的SAS评分、SDS评分、DLQI评分和PSQI评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评分升高,且与对照组相比,干预组患者治疗后的CD-RISC评分显著升高(P0.05)。结论:精神心理干预联合常规治疗对慢性肛周湿疹具有较好的疗效。对患者实施精神心理干预可有效减轻患者焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,提高患者心理韧性水平,促进患者生活质量的提升。     

个性化干预方案对乳腺癌手术患者负性情绪和睡眠质量的影响

目的:研究个性化干预方案对乳腺癌手术患者负性情绪和睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2012年1月-2015年1月在我院进行乳腺癌手术的患者311例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组(n=152)和对照组(n=159)。对照组给予常规干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予个性化干预。干预前后应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价患者的焦虑情况,应用抑郁自评量表评分(SDS)评价患者的抑郁情况,应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评价患者的睡眠质量,并比较两组患者对护理服务的满意度。结果:研究组满意度97.4%显著高于对照组的88.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);干预后研究组SAS评分、SDS评分和PSQI评分均显著降低,且显著低于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:个性化干预方案能显著改善乳腺癌手术患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高患者的睡眠质量。     

Spinal cord stimulation affects the central mechanisms of regulation of heart rate

The effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on heart rate (HR) was studied in 25 patients without cardiological symptoms, who were undergoing SCS for various reasons. HR at rest significantly decreased during SCS. Physiological and pharmacological maneuvers of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation or blockade before and during SCS indicate that SCS interferes with the central mechanisms of regulation of HR mainly by inducing a functional sympathectomy, and that such an effect is mediated by an action on spinal cord ascending fibers.     

Location of a new encephalitogenic epitope (residues 43 to 64) in proteolipid protein that induces relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PL/J and (SJL x PL)F1 mice.

Synthetic peptides of proteolipid protein (PLP) were screened for their ability to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J, PL/J, and (SJL x PL)F1 mice, and T cell lines were selected by stimulation of lymph node cells with PLP peptides. PLP 141-151 was found to be less encephalitogenic in SJL/J mice than PLP 139-151, due to deletion of two amino acids from the amino-terminal end. PLP 139-151 immunization induced relapsing EAE in SJL/J and F1 mice but not PL/J mice. In contrast, PLP 43-64 induced relapsing EAE in PL/J and F1 mice but not SJL/J mice. F1 T cell lines specific for either PLP 43-64 or PLP 139-151 adoptively transferred demyelinating EAE to naive F1 recipients. Haplotypes H-2s and H-2u appear to be immunologically co-dominant in F1 mice in the PLP EAE system, which differs from the H-2u dominance in F1 mice in the myelin basic protein EAE system. The identification of a PLP peptide that is encephalitogenic in PL/J mice, in addition to the previous demonstration of PLP peptides that are encephalitogenic for SWR mice (PLP 103-116) and SJL/J mice (PLP 139-151), lends support to a role for PLP as a target Ag in autoimmune demyelinating diseases.     

Genetic homogeneity of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: tight linkage to the proteolipoprotein locus in 16 affected families. PMD Clinical Group.

Among the numerous leukodystrophies that have an early onset and no biochemical markers, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is one that can be identified using strict clinical criteria and demonstrating an abnormal formation of myelin that is restricted to the CNS in electrophysiological studies and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In PMD, 12 different base substitutions and one total deletion of the genomic region containing the PLP gene have been reported, but, despite extensive analysis, PLP exon mutations have been found in only 10%-25% of the families analyzed. To test the genetic homogeneity of this disease, we have carried out linkage analysis with polymorphic markers of the PLP genomic region in 16 families selected on strict diagnostic criteria of PMD. We observed a tight linkage of the PMD locus with markers of the PLP gene (cDNA PLP, exon IV polymorphism) and of the Xq22 region (DXS17, DXS94, and DXS287), whereas the markers located more proximally (DXYS1X and DXS3) or distally (DXS11) were not linked to the PMD locus. Multipoint analysis gave a maximal location score for the PMD locus (13.98) and the PLP gene (8.32) in the same interval between DXS94 and DXS287, suggesting that in all families PMD is linked to the PLP locus. Mutations of the extraexonic PLP gene sequences or of another unknown close gene could be involved in PMD. In an attempt to identify molecular defects of this genomic region that are responsible for PMD, these results meant that RFLP analysis could be used to improve genetic counseling for the numerous affected families in which a PLP exon mutation could not be demonstrated.     

无创机械通气治疗急性心肌梗死低氧血症的护理体会

目的:探讨Bi PAP无创呼吸机辅助呼吸治疗急性心肌梗死低氧血症的临床疗效和护理措施。方法:选取我院2013年8月至2014年12月抢救中心急性心肌梗死伴低氧血症患者,在常规治疗及高流量吸氧后,末梢血氧饱和度(SPO2)90%者40例,采用无创呼吸机辅助治疗并加强护理,观察治疗后血气指标SPO2、Pa O2和Pa CO2的变化。结果:所有患者在无创通气30 min后SPO2均升至90%以上,而PO2升至正常低限,1 h后Pa O2恢复正常。结论:无创呼吸机辅助治疗是治疗急性心肌梗死低氧血症的有效方法。     

Surges of increased T cell reactivity to an encephalitogenic region of myelin proteolipid protein occur more often in patients with multiple sclerosis than in healthy subjects

We have previously shown that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased T cell responses to the immunodominant region (residues 184-209) of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). The present study investigated whether this reactivity fluctuates over time and correlates with disease activity. We performed monthly limiting dilution assays for 12-16 mo in four healthy subjects and five patients with relapsing-remitting MS to quantify the frequencies of circulating T cells proliferating in response to PLP(41-58), PLP(184-199), PLP(190-209), myelin basic protein (MBP), MBP(82-100), and tetanus toxoid. Disease activity was monitored by clinical assessment and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. There were fluctuations in the frequencies of autoreactive T cells in all subjects. Compared with healthy controls, MS patients had significantly more frequent surges of T cells reactive to the 184-209 region of PLP, but infrequent surges of T cell reactivity to MBP(82-100). There was temporal clustering of the surges of T cell reactivity to MBP(82-100) and MBP, suggesting T cell activation by environmental stimuli. Some clinical relapses were preceded by surges of T cell reactivity to PLP(184-209), and in one patient there was significant correlation between the frequency of T cells reactive to PLP(184-199) and the total number of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions. However, other relapses were not associated with surges of T cell reactivity to the Ags tested. T cells reactive to PLP(184-209) may contribute to the development of some of the CNS lesions in MS.     

Effects of consecutive high-dose alcohol administration on the utilization of sulfur-containing amino acids by rats

In this study, we attempted to evaluate changes in sulfur-containing amino acid (SCAA) metabolism after short-term high-dose alcohol ingestion. At the beginning of the study, six animals were sacrificed as the baseline group and then other animals in the experiment were consecutively gavaged with alcohol (30%, 3 g/kg) for 7 days. Animals (n=6 each) were subsequently sacrificed at the time points of Days 1 (Group E1), 3 (Group E3) and 7 (Group E7). Blood samples and selected tissues were collected at each time interval. SCAA, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed. Results showed that taurine levels of tissues (brain, liver, heart and kidneys) all declined after the ethanol intervention and continued to decrease in selected tissues except the brain during the experiment. Furthermore, the trends of plasma taurine and PLP contents were highly correlated (r=.98, P=.045). A similar utilization pattern of plasma taurine and PLP indicated that transsulfuration preferred taurine production to GSH synthesis. The trend of plasma taurine levels being positively correlated with PLP levels reveals that dramatic transsulfuration occurred to meet the urgent demand for taurine by brain cells. In conclusion, we reported that continual alcohol ingestion alters SCAA utilization, especially by depletion of taurine and hypotaurine and by elevation of S-adenosyl homocysteine in the selected organs.     

Lymphocytes from SJL/J mice immunized with spinal cord respond selectively to a peptide of proteolipid protein and transfer relapsing demyelinating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) can be induced in SJL/J mice by immunization with spinal cord homogenate and adjuvant. The specific Ag(s) responsible for acute disease and subsequent relapses in this model is unknown. Myelin basic protein (BP), an encephalitogenic peptide of BP (BP 87-99), and proteolipid protein (PLP) can each induce R-EAE in SJL/J mice, and a peptide of PLP (PLP 139-151) has been reported to induce acute EAE. To determine the encephalitogens in cord-immunized mice with R-EAE, the in vitro proliferative responses of lymph node cells (LNC) and central nervous system mononuclear cells to BP, BP peptides, and PLP peptides were examined during acute EAE and during relapses. LNC responded only to PLP peptides 139-151 and 141-151 and did not respond to BP or its peptides during acute or chronic disease. Central nervous system mononuclear cells also preferentially responded to PLP 139-151 and 141-151 during acute and relapsing disease. A PLP 139-151 peptide-specific Th cell line was selected from LNC of cord-immunized donors. Five million peptide-specific line cells transferred severe relapsing demyelinating EAE to naive recipients. We conclude that PLP peptide 139-151 is the major encephalitogen for R-EAE in cord-immunized SJL/J mice. We demonstrate for the first time that Th cells specific for this peptide are sufficient to transfer relapsing demyelinating EAE. The predominance of a PLP immune response rather than a BP response in SJL/J mice suggests that genetic background may determine the predominant myelin Ag response in human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.