马修斯植物病毒学（原书第四版）（Matthews’Plant Virology）

《马修斯植物病毒学》第三版出版以来的十年间，植物病毒学领域又有了令人瞩目的发展。这部得到读者厚爱的专著现在由罗杰·赫尔（Roger Hull）教授执笔又得以及时更新。《马修斯植物病毒学》第四版除增加了大量彩色图版外，还详细介绍了这个发展迅速的领域中许多重要的新进展，包括生物学与生态植物病毒学、植物基因工程、分子病毒学、分子结构以及寄主与病毒互作等多方面的内容。     

美国病毒学会1986年年会概况

美国是当前病毒学队伍最大、研究范围最广、水平最高的国家。美国病毒学会每年举行一次年会,经常邀请外国知名病毒学家参加。本次会议是6月22日至26日在圣巴巴拉举行。我们应邀临时参加。从会议报告中可看出当前美国病毒学科研最活跃的领域,现概括如下。 总的印象是美国的病毒学研究仍以医学病毒学为主,昆虫病毒特别是杆状病毒也占较突出的位置,植物病毒内容一般。     

植物病毒学的研究进展

植物病毒是病毒学科的一个重要组成部分,从病毒学的发展历史来看,一些开创性的工作和基础理论研究成果最先是在植物病毒领域里取得的。这类病原物给很多重要经济作物造成巨大危害,全世界每年农作物的损失达200亿美元。20世纪初对植物病毒学的研究主要集中在植物病理学领域,随着     

植物病毒的研究及其某些进展

本文综述了近年来植物病毒基础理论研究方面的一些进展。比较详细地论述了植物病毒质粒的化学组成、形态结构、复制增殖、自体装配等生化及物化方面的问题。也涉及了植物病毒和寄主细胞之间的关系以及研究植物病毒的病毒学技术和方法。介绍了在该领域内最近出现的一些新的慨念和现象。对某些问题提出了看法和进行了讨论。     

植物病毒的研究及其某些进展

本文综述了近年来植物病毒基础理论研究方面的一些进展。比较详细地论述了植物病毒质粒的化学组成、形态结构、复制增殖、自体装配等生化及物化方面的问题。也涉及了植物病毒和寄主细胞之间的关系以及研究植物病毒的病毒学技术和方法。介绍了在该领域内最近出现的一些新的概念和现象。对某些问题提出了看法和进行了讨论。     

社论

在1983年,我出版了一部名叫《普通病毒学》(General Virology)的书,其中我将三门不同的学科集合起来,而在此之前它们都是分别独立发展的,这倒是一种首次的尝试。这三门学科分别是医学病毒学,植物病毒学和噬菌体研究。其中植物病毒在对病毒结构和病毒蛋白质的早期探究中起了主要作用。动物病毒对免疫学及流行病学的研究来说是理想的对象。而噬菌体则是日益发展的分子生物学领域的核心。     

植物病毒学的研究进展

1国内外植物病毒的研究进展 植物病毒是病毒学科的一个重要组成部分,从病毒学的发展历史来看,一些开创性的工作和基础理论研究成果最先是在植物病毒领域里取得的.这类病原物给很多重要经济作物造成巨大危害,全世界每年农作物的损失达200亿美元.20世纪初对植物病毒学的研究主要集中在植物病理学领域,随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步,植物病毒与生物化学、生物物理学、免疫学、医药学等相关学科相互影响、相互渗透,尤其是在生物化学、分子生物学、植物基因工程技术、信息科学等领域的飞速发展,以及新技术新方法的不断应用,病毒学发展焕然一新.我们的研究手段已经从细菌过滤器、电子显微镜、X射线衍射法、扫描投射电镜过渡到现代分子生物学技术的应用如分子克隆、重组、体外表达等;这些方法的应用使得研究学者们对植物病毒的研究从形态、结构、组成及病毒核酸和蛋白质大分子的超微结构的观察,深入到近年来的对植物病毒基因组核苷酸序列的分析和氨基酸组成及结构功能上,进一步揭示了一些植物病毒的本质特征,使人们对植物病毒有了更深刻地认识,无论是在理论上还是在应用上都有了很大发展.     

国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部2013年度优秀青年科学基金项目

项目名称 真菌分类学 天然产物生物合成与合成生物学 微生物组研究方法学 植物病毒学 蓝光调控植物开花时间的机制研究 植物结构生物学     

细胞培养技术在病毒学研究中的应用

细胞培养技术在病毒学研究中的应用范国昌（浙江大学生物科学与技术系,杭州３１００２７）细胞培养技术不仅在生物学、医学尤其是在病毒学的研究中已经成为不可缺少的工具,而且随着细胞工程的发展,在生产领域中的应用也有了很大的突破,形成了新的产业。本文主要介绍它...     

《分子病毒学》简介

《分子病毒学》是一本系统分类的分子病毒学专著,由中国预防医学科学院病毒研究所侯云德教授编著,预计1990年上半年出版。内容包括医学病毒学、兽医病毒学、昆虫病毒学、植物病毒学以及噬菌体学的主要成就,涉及38个病毒科和30个病毒组。本书共33章,其中6章为总论,27章为各论,分别就各类病毒包括亚病毒的毒粒结构、基因结构与功能、基因组的转录与调节、病毒蛋白的结构与功能、病毒繁殖机理、病毒感染的分子病理、分子流行病学、乃至病毒免疫和预防,干扰素,病毒与肿瘤等各个方面进行了系统地介绍,也包括了作者长期从事实验研究的经验,基本上概括了国内外分子病毒学家的研究成就,反映了80年代分子病毒学的新水平。本书每章有前言,说明其地     

流式细胞术的发展及在植物研究中的应用

流式细胞术是通过对液流中各种荧光标记的颗粒进行多参数快速高效的定性或定量测定的方法,在科学研究的多个领域发挥重要作用。然而,由于植物组织及细胞壁和次生代谢产物等细胞的特殊成分和结构,限制了其在植物研究领域的应用。本文在介绍流式细胞仪发展和组成分类的基础上,着重讨论了流式细胞术在植物领域的应用、研究进展及应用限制,进而展望该研究领域的发展趋势,为拓宽植物流式细胞术的潜在应用范围提供新的思考方向。     

The origin of modern plant virology

Plant virology, born with Mayer's work, saw a first (embryonic) phase of development during two decades (1900-1920) with outstanding contributions from Dimitri Ivanovski, Martinus Beijerinck, Erwin Baur and Harry Allard. Between 1920 and 1930 a second phase saw the elaboration of surprising hypotheses concerning the enigmatic nature of viruses and experimental evidence of great stress was obtained. Revolutionary renewal began from the mid-1930s on the basis of a body of knowledge which was organically assembled into the first textbook of plant virology published by Kenneth Smith in 1933. In 1922, the geneticist Hermann Muller put forward the hypothesis that considered viruses as possible genes. The theory was resumed in an apparently independent way by Benjamin Duggar and Joanne Karrer Armstrong in 1923, who considered TMV a biocolloidal self-reproducing protein, like genes appeared to be. This hypothesis, even if neglected by virologists, anticipated by some decades the functional nature of viruses and represented the first conceptual response to virus enigma. Considerable experimental results were obtained by James Johnson, who showed that plants could be infected by different viruses and who introduced a first rational system of plant virus classification. Harold McKinney showed that TMV could mutate. Harold Storey, Kenneth Smith and Harry Severin demonstrated that several viruses could be transmitted by insects and supplied the first interpretation of the relationship between virus and insect. Mayme Dvorak and Helen Purdy obtained the first experimental evidence of the antigenic power of plant viruses. Virus purification, first tentatively accomplished with physical methods, was brilliantly performed by chemical means. Finally, Francis Holmes elaborated the first suitable test to estimate virus infectivity. The evolution of plant virology from an empirical discipline to a biological science took place thanks to the work of one group of American and English scientists who must be regarded as the fathers of modern plant virology.     

A history of plant virology. Mendelian genetics and resistance of plants to viruses.

Virology was borne at the end of the nineteenth century, some years before the re-discovery of the so-called "Mendel's Laws". The rapid development of genetics was helpful to horticulturists and plant pathologists to produce hybrids of important cropping species resistant to several virus diseases. The concepts of Mendelian genetics were applied to plant virology by Francis Oliver Holmes, an American scientist who must be considered a pioneer in several fields of modern plant virology. During the Thirties, Holmes studied in particular the hypersensitive response of solanaceous plants to TMV and discovered the N dominant gene of tobacco hypersensitive to this virus. After the Second World War, the theoretic and practical support given by geneticists assisted plant virologists in better understanding the mechanism of inheritance of the character "resistance". The major problems posed by breeding for plant resistance were detected and critically discussed in several reviews published between the Fifties and the Sixties. These results, together with the discovery of the genetic functions of RNA virus raised interest on the possible relations between viral and plant genes. This fundamental subject saw the entry into the virological scene of molecular genetics, and in 1970 the Russian virologist Joseph Atabekov introduced host specificity to viruses as a central point of plant virology. From the mid 1980s, this point attracted the interest of several virologists, and many results led to several theoretic models of genetic interactions between plant and virus products. In the last fifteen years, the introduction of transgenic plants has given a remarkable contribution to the question of host specificity, which, however, still awaits a general explanation.     

Virology on the Internet: the time is right for a new journal

Virology Journal is an exclusively on-line, Open Access journal devoted to the presentation of high-quality original research concerning human, animal, plant, insect bacterial, and fungal viruses. Virology Journal will establish a strategic alternative to the traditional virology communication process.     

Nicotiana benthamiana: its history and future as a model for plant-pathogen interactions

Nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely used experimental host in plant virology, due mainly to the large number of diverse plant viruses that can successfully infect it. Additionally, N. benthamiana is susceptible to a wide variety of other plant-pathogenic agents (such as bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and so on), making this species a cornerstone of host-pathogen research, particularly in the context of innate immunity and defense signaling. Moreover, because it can be genetically transformed and regenerated with good efficiency and is amenable to facile methods for virus-induced gene silencing or transient protein expression, N. benthamiana is rapidly gaining popularity in plant biology, particularly in studies requiring protein localization, interaction, or plant-based systems for protein expression and purification. Paradoxically, despite being an indispensable research model, little is known about the origins, genetic variation, or ecology of the N. benthamiana accessions currently used by the research community. In addition to addressing these latter topics, the purpose of this review is to provide information regarding sources for tools and reagents that can be used to support research in N. benthamiana. Finally, we propose that N. benthamiana is well situated to become a premier plant cell biology model, particularly for the virology community, who as a group were the first to recognize the potential of this unique Australian native.     

《病毒学》课程的教学改革思路与实践探索

分析了《病毒学》课程及病毒学学科的发展特点。在总结病毒学传统教学经验的基础上,结合该学科的快速发展趋势,对该课程在新的历史条件下的教材选择、教学内容的改革与建设、实验配套的硬件与软件建设、实验教学安排等方面进行了讨论和分析,并介绍了武汉大学在病毒学课程建设与教学改革中的一些具体做法和体会。     

A short history of plant virology. III. The thirties.

The Thirties testified on the outstanding development of plant virology: the new discoveries formalized the concept of virus on a physicochemical background. Plant viruses, which had received their own taxonomical position at the end of the Twenties, were no longer considered as simple "infective pathogens" as their size, shape and chemical nature were determined, particularly for one of them--tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). This paramount contribution was achieved as a consequence of a functional interaction between biology on one side, and chemistry and physics on the other side, from the development of which molecular biology was born. The chemical characterization of TMV developed from the first determination of nitrogen presence in purified virus, performed by Carl Vinson, through the identification of TMV as Wendell Stanley's infective, autoreplicative protein macromolecule, to the final discovery of its nucleoprotein nature by the British group of Frederick Bawden. Thorough analytical techniques--in particular electron microscopy--led to disclose the exact shape and size of TMV particle. These discoveries, that opened a new era of virology, were corroborated by new knowledge that, although less explosive, can be considered of great importance for the development of plant virology. The methodologies to estimate viral activity; the study of the relationships between viruses and insect vectors; the studies on virus spread within plants; the identification of non-sterile type of resistance and of correlation between single plant genes and viral pathogenesis benefited plant virology of a set of knowledge that, together with the discoveries on the physico-chemical properties of TMV, raised plant virology from a secondary branch of plant pathology to a new independent science by itself.     

PI Recruitment

Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was founded in 1956. With scientific research elitists, Wuhan Institute of Virology is the only comprehensive institute carrying out fundamental researches on virology in CAS. The institute offers a highly interactive research environment and outstanding research facilities,including BSL3 laboratories. According to the national strategic need, Wuhan Institute of Virology has recently extended its emphasis from general virology to human virology and emerging diseases research.     

Harnessed viruses in the age of metagenomics and synthetic biology: an update on infectious clone assembly and biotechnologies of plant viruses

Recent metagenomic studies have provided an unprecedented wealth of data, which are revolutionizing our understanding of virus diversity. A redrawn landscape highlights viruses as active players in the phytobiome, and surveys have uncovered their positive roles in environmental stress tolerance of plants. Viral infectious clones are key tools for functional characterization of known and newly identified viruses. Knowledge of viruses and their components has been instrumental for the development of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this review, we provide extensive guidelines built on current synthetic biology advances that streamline infectious clone assembly, thus lessening a major technical constraint of plant virology. The focus is on generation of infectious clones in binary T‐DNA vectors, which are delivered efficiently to plants by Agrobacterium. We then summarize recent applications of plant viruses and explore emerging trends in microbiology, bacterial and human virology that, once translated to plant virology, could lead to the development of virus‐based gene therapies for ad hoc engineering of plant traits. The systematic characterization of plant virus roles in the phytobiome and next‐generation virus‐based tools will be indispensable landmarks in the synthetic biology roadmap to better crops.     

Summary of the 9th annual meeting of the italian society for virology

The 9th annual meeting of the Italian Society for Virology (SIV) comprised seven plenary sessions focused on: General virology and viral genetics; Virus–Host interaction and pathogenesis; Viral oncology; Emerging viruses and zoonotic, foodborne, and environmental pathways of transmission; Viral immunology and vaccines; Medical virology and antiviral therapy; Viral biotechnologies and gene therapy. Moreover, four hot topics were discussed in special lectures: the Pioneer in human virology lecture regarding the control of viral epidemics with particular emphasis on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the Pioneer in plant virology lecture focused on cell responses to plant virus infection, a Keynote lecture on the epidemiology and genetic diversity of Crimea–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus, and the G.B. Rossi lecture on the molecular basis and clinical implications of human cytomegalovirus tropism for endothelial/epithelial cells. The meeting had an attendance of about 160 virologists. A summary of the plenary lectures and oral selected presentations is reported. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 285–287, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.