源自睾丸精子冻融胚胎卵裂球完整性及恢复卵裂对生育结局的影响

目的:探讨源自睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精形成的胚胎冷冻复苏后卵裂球完整性及是否恢复卵裂与生育结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析658个冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期,根据精子来源将其分为手淫精子组(ICSI组)445周期,睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精组(TESA组)213周期。ICSI组根据复苏2枚胚胎后完整个数(0、1、2枚)分为3组(A、B、C组),TESA组也据此分为D、E、F组。ICSI组根据2枚胚胎复苏后恢复卵裂个数(0、1、2枚)分为3组(G、H、I组),TESA也据此分为J、K、L组。综合比较各组之间的生育结局。结果:①ICSI组与TESA组复苏后胚胎完整率、复苏18-20 h后胚胎卵裂率、种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率、分娩孕周及出生体重比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但ICSI组早期流产率显著高于TESA组。②ICSI中B组与C组上述妊娠结局指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率均显著高于A组(P0.05)。TESA三个亚组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。ICSI与TESA组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③ICSI中I组种植率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率均显著高于H组(P0.05),且I组与H组均显著高于G组(P0.05)。I组活产率显著高于G组和H组(P0.05)。TESA中L组种植率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率、活产率均显著高于J组(P0.05)。ICSI与TESA组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尽管睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精的精子质量较差,但一旦形成有效胚胎,FET结局与手淫精子来源的胚胎并无差异。至少移植一枚完整胚胎较移植两枚均破损胚胎具有更好的生育结局。至少移植一枚恢复卵裂的胚胎较两枚均不卵裂胚胎具有更好的生育结局。解冻后无完整胚胎且过夜培养后又均未恢复卵裂的胚胎应慎重考虑该周期是否取消移植。     

移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF-ET结局的影响.方法:根据移植胚胎个数将年龄超过35岁的不孕患者338个周期分为单胚胎移植组(Ⅰ组),2个胚胎移植组(Ⅱ组),3个胚胎移植组(Ⅲ组).分析患者IVF治疗情况并按年龄分层比较三组患者的IVF-ET结局.结果:高龄不孕患者行IVF,随年龄增加,获卵数、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率降低,流产率呈增高趋势.Ⅰ组的妊娠率9.43%,显著低于Ⅱ组(24.24%)和Ⅲ组(31.37%)(P＜0.05).对于40岁以下的患者,移植3个胚胎的妊娠率与移植2个胚胎差无异,但显著高于移植1个胚胎(P＜0.05).增加40岁以上患者移植胚胎的数目,妊娠率未出现有统计学意义的升高.三组的胚胎种植率分别为9.43%,12.12%和12.2%,无统计学差异.Ⅲ组中多胎率12.5%(6/48),其中35～36岁年龄段多胎率16.67%(5/30).结论:高龄不孕患者可移植的胚胎数目随年龄增加和获卵数目降低而降低.其中较年轻者(35～36岁年龄段),移植3个胚胎,对妊娠率提高无明显效果,但多胎发生显著增加.     

评价两种消毒剂对IVF实验室微环境和妊娠结局的影响

目的在辅助生殖体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)实验室的胚胎操作过程中,根据消毒剂对胚胎质量和妊娠结局的影响,评价季铵盐消毒剂是否比75%酒精消毒液更适合用于IVF实验室。方法回顾分析2016年1月至9月在我中心行IVF的619例新鲜移植周期,根据IVF实验室使用的消毒剂不同分为两组,A组383例为使用75%酒精消毒组,B组236例使用季铵盐组。对比两组的VOC浓度、获卵数、获卵率、受精率、多精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、优质囊胚形成率、着床率、临床妊娠率以及流产率。结果相比于A组,B组的VOC浓度显著降低;A、B两组的获卵数、获卵率、受精率、多精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、优质囊胚形成率和流产率的差异均不具有统计学意义(P0.05);但B组的着床率和妊娠率显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论两组对胚胎的体外培养质量没有显著性的影响,但使用季铵盐组相比于75%酒精组胚胎着床率和妊娠率显著提高。因此,季铵盐消毒剂比75%酒精更适合作为IVF实验室消毒剂。     

冷冻胚胎移植周期中内膜形态及内膜厚度对妊娠结局的预测价值分析

目的:评价内膜厚度及内膜形态对于体外受精-胚胎移植中冷冻胚胎解冻复苏移植的临床妊娠结局的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析1521个冷冻胚胎解冻复苏移植周期,将患者按子宫内膜厚度分为4组,子宫内膜≤6 mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm,根据子宫内膜形态分为A型内膜、B型内膜、C型内膜。分别比较不同内膜厚度分组及不同内膜形态分组患者的年龄,移植胚胎数目、内膜准备方案构成比、移植胚胎类型(卵裂期胚胎、囊胚)构成比及各组间的临床妊娠率和活产率。采用ROC曲线分析子宫内膜厚度、形态对临床妊娠结局的预测价值。使用逐步回归分析内膜厚度、形态、年龄及移植胚胎类型与妊娠结局的相关性。结果:纳入1521个解冻复苏周期中按内膜厚度分为4组,各组周期数分别为96周期、454周期、893周期、78周期,各组间平均年龄分别为34.1±5.5岁、33.3±5.4岁、32.5±5.2岁、33.7±6.0岁(P0.05)。内膜厚度≤6 mm组临床妊娠率为31.3%,子宫内膜≤6mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm组临床妊娠率分别为48.5%、51.8%、47.4%(P0.05)。子宫内膜≤6 mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm组间活产率分别为18.8%、37.7%、44.6%、39.7%(P0.05)。A型、B型及C型内膜组周期数分别为920周期、189周期及412周期,三组间平均年龄分别为32.3±5.1、33.0±5.7、34.2±5.5岁(P0.05)。A型/B型及C型内膜组临床妊娠率分别为51.2%、46.6%及46.4%,三组间活产率分别为42.1%、36.0%及37.1%,三组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜厚度ROC曲线下面积为0.534(95%可信区间0.505-0.564),子宫内膜形态ROC曲线下面积为0.526(0.476-0.955)。逐步回归分析纳入内膜厚度、内膜形态、年龄、胚胎类型4个可变量,女方年龄(OR=0.929,P0.001),移植胚胎中囊胚比例(OR=1.595,P0.001)与临床妊娠率明显相关,内膜厚度(OR=1.054,P=0.05)及内膜形态(OR=0.864)与临床妊娠率无相关性。结论:虽然子宫内膜薄临床妊娠率下降,但是子宫内膜厚度与内膜形态不能够预测体外受精-胚胎移植解冻复苏周期临床妊娠率,患者年龄以及移植胚胎的发育潜能才是预测临床妊娠率的参考指标。     

年轻POR女性拮抗剂方案与长方案的新鲜移植周期临床妊娠结局的比较分析

目的:比较分析拮抗剂方案与长方案对年轻卵巢低反应(POR)女性体外受精(IVF)新鲜移植周期临床妊娠结局的影响,以探讨拮抗剂方案的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年6月在广东省妇幼保健院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的204例妇女213个IVF新鲜移植周期的临床资料。按随机数字表法分为拮抗剂组83例(84治疗周期)与长方案组121例(129治疗周期),比较两组一般资料、实验室资料、促排卵资料及妊娠结局的差异。结果:拮抗剂组的窦卵泡计数(AFC)、抗苗勒氏激素(AMH)水平、促性腺激素(Gn)使用天数、Gn总量、HCG日雌二醇(E2)水平、HCG日内膜厚度、移植日内膜厚度、获卵数、成熟卵子数及正常受精数低于长方案组,基础FSH/LH、Gn启动量高于长方案组(P0.05),但两组优质胚胎数、移植胚胎数、移植囊胚比例、冷冻胚胎数、胚胎种植率及早期自然流产率比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。拮抗剂组和长方案组的临床妊娠率较高,分别为58.14%和63.10%,但是两组临床妊娠率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:给予年轻POR患者两种方案均可获得较满意的IVF新鲜移植周期临床妊娠结局,拮抗剂方案获卵数较长方案少,但是其优势在于Gn使用量更少,使用时间更短。     

移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF—ET结局的影响

目的：探讨移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF—ET结局的影响。方法：根据移植胚胎个数将年龄超过35岁的不孕患者338个周期分为单胚胎移植组（I组）,2个胚胎移植组（Ⅱ组）,3个胚胎移植组（Ⅲ组）。分析患者IVF治疗情况并按年龄分层比较三组患者的IVF-ET结局。结果：高龄不孕患者行IVF,随年龄增加,获卵数、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率降低,流产率呈增高趋势。Ⅰ组的妊娠率9．43％,显著低于Ⅱ组（24．24％）和Ⅲ组（31．37％）（P〈0．05）。对于40岁以下的患者,移植3个胚胎的妊娠率与移植2个胚胎差无异,但显著高于移植1个胚胎（P〈0．05）。增加40岁以上患者移植胚胎的数目,妊娠率未出现有统计学意义的升高。三组的胚胎种植率分别为9．43％,12．12％和12．2％,无统计学差异。Ⅲ组中多胎率12．5％（6／48）,其中35-36岁年龄段多胎率16．67％（5／30）。结论：高龄不孕患者可移植的胚胎数目随年龄增加和获卵数目降低而降低。其中较年轻者（35-36岁年龄段）,移植3个胚胎,对妊娠率提高无明显效果,但多胎发生显著增加。     

联合子宫内膜厚度和类型对体外受精-胚胎移植临床结局的预测

为评估联合子宫内膜厚度和类型对体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)临床结局的预测价值,回顾性分析1 933个IVF-ET周期.按照HCG日子宫内膜厚度分3组(组1:≤7 mm;组2:>7 mm到≤14 mm;组3:>14 mm),每组按内膜类型再分为3个亚组(组1(2、3)-A、B、C型),分析各组的妊娠率和着床率.结果显示HCG日内膜厚度是影响妊娠的独立因素;组1和组3的3个亚组妊娠率及着床率无差异;妊娠率和着床率在组2的A、B、C中依次降低,各组比较有显著差异(P<0.05).提示子宫内膜厚度和类型都是影响妊娠结局的独立因素;当内膜<7 mm或>14 mm时,联合内膜厚度和类型更好地预测临床结局;当内膜厚度适中(7～14 mm)且内膜类型有三线征时,将预示很好的临床结局.     

体外受精-胚胎移植412个周期分析

IVF-ET(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)的临床妊娠率受多种因素的影响:妇女年龄,子宫内膜厚度,促性腺激素(Gonadtropin,Gn)的用量,移植胚胎数以及胚胎质量。回顾性分析本生殖中心2000年9月到2002年7月的IVF/ICSI(intra cytoplasmic sperm injection)共412个周期。并将所有周期按照年龄分成3组,随年龄的增长3组的妊娠率分别是42.31％、33.70％、28％;子宫内膜的厚度与临床妊娠率无显著性相关;促性腺激素的用量与临床妊娠率呈负相关(P<0.05);移植胚胎数及优质胚胎数与临床妊娠率呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。     

小鼠2-细胞胚胎单个卵裂球体外培养及其发育形成囊胚的玻璃化冷冻保存技术的研究

单个卵裂球分离和培养是生产同卵双胎或一卵多胎动物的一种有效方法。在羊和牛已经获得了来源于2-细胞和4-细胞期胚胎的单个卵裂球的活体后代;在兔也获得来源于4-细胞胚胎的单个卵裂球后代;在猪已获得8-细胞单个卵裂球的后代。但多数的研究者发现,小鼠单个卵裂球培养后的体外发育率、移植妊娠率和产仔率都很低。上述均为新鲜胚移植结果,至于分离后卵裂球发育成的囊胚再进行玻璃化冷冻保存尚未见报道。本实     

子宫内膜容受性检测技术在反复种植失败患者冻融胚胎移植中的应用价值及其临床妊娠的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨子宫内膜容受性检测（ERT）技术在反复种植失败患者冻融胚胎移植（FET）中的应用价值,并分析其临床妊娠的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年10月~2022年4月期间海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治的150例反复种植失败患者的临床资料,根据是否接受ERT技术分为ERT组（n=78,接受ERT技术）和无ERT组（n=72,未接受ERT技术）。按照反复种植失败患者是否临床妊娠分为临床妊娠组和未临床妊娠组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析临床妊娠的影响因素。结果：两组异位妊娠率组间对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。ERT组临床妊娠率、活产率高于无ERT组,移植日内膜厚度大于无ERT组,移植胚胎数少于无ERT组,流产率低于无ERT组（P<0.05）。所有患者按照是否临床妊娠分为临床妊娠组（n=85）和未临床妊娠组（n=65）。单因素分析结果显示：临床妊娠与年龄、移植胚胎类别、移植胚胎数量、总周期数、FSH、子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜类型有关（P<0.05）,而与体质量指数（BMI）、不孕年限、不孕类型、胚胎冷冻保存时间无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄偏大、FSH偏高是临床妊娠的危险因素,而移植胚胎类别为囊胚、移植胚胎数量偏多是临床妊娠的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：ERT技术用于反复种植失败患者FET中,可有效改善患者的临床妊娠。年龄、FSH、移植胚胎类别、移植胚胎数量是临床妊娠的影响因素。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...