四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群与土壤化学特征的关系研究

台湾水青冈(Fagus hayatae)是中国特有的国家Ⅱ级保护植物,具有很高的经济价值。米仓山国家级自然保护区内台湾水青冈是目前发现的中国内陆地区保存面积最大的区域。该文以四川米仓山保护区内台湾水青冈种群为研究对象,采用样方调查法、普通克里格插值法和相关性分析,以探究台湾水青冈种群生长与土壤化学特征之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)台湾水青冈种群在四川米仓山保护区内分布较分散,主要分布在海拔1 550~1 900m的河流及其支流的上游区域,而在较低海拔的河谷地带无分布。(2)台湾水青冈种群特征与部分土壤化学特征间存在联系,其中,样方内总植株数和种群密度均与土壤有机质、全氮和阳离子交换量呈显著负相关关系,而平均高度、平均胸径和基盖度与土壤有效铜均呈正相关关系。(3)台湾水青冈种群发育良好(适宜生长)的土壤化学特征为:pH值4.4~5.1,有机质53.17~102.00g·kg-1,全氮1.68~2.50g·kg-1,有效磷2.95~4.81mg·kg-1,交换性钾0.19~0.37cmol(+)·kg-1,交换性钠0.11~0.30cmol(+)·kg-1,阳离子交换量24.75~34.79cmol(+)·kg-1,有效铜0.61~1.08mg·kg-1,有效镁31.00~79.50mg·kg-1。研究认为,土壤化学特征对台湾水青冈种群生长具有制约作用。     

贵州喀斯特石漠化过程中的土壤有机碳与容重关系

测定了不同石漠化等级的西南喀斯特生态系统的土壤容重和土壤有机碳.结果表明:西南喀斯特生态系统的土壤容重为0.91～1.37 kg cm-3,土壤有机碳含量变化较大,为8.1～58.9 g kg-1.在0～40 cm的土层中,没有发生石漠化的生态系统的有机碳储量达16.91 kg m-2,伴随着石漠化程度的加剧,土壤有机...     

黄土性土壤固化对黑麦草生长和根系活力的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了安塞黄绵土不同容重、不同固化剂(路邦EN-1固化剂)掺量对黑麦草生长和根系活力的影响.结果表明:黄绵土容重在1.2～1.4 9·cm-3范围内,随土壤容重的增加,黑麦草叶绿素含量、根系活力、根冠比、根生物量和植株生物量均降低;各土壤容重条件下,黑麦草叶绿素含量、根系活力、根冠比、根生物量和植株生物量均高于对照,且随着固化剂掺量的增加均呈先增加后降低的趋势.土壤容重和固化剂掺量交互作用对根生物量和总生物量的影响均显著(P＜0.05).总体来看,土壤容重1.3 g·cm-3、固化剂掺量0.15％处理下,各指标值均最高.     

湖南烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量及对烤烟品质的影响

分析了湖南烟区主要土壤类型交换性钙、镁元素含量状况及其对烟叶品质的影响,结果表明:(1)土壤交换性钙、镁含量在不同土壤类型间存在显著性差异,交换性钙含量平均为8.87cmol/kg,以红壤含量最高;交换性镁含量平均为1.16cmol/kg,以黄棕壤含量最高;交换性钙镁比值大小依次为:红壤(11.74)>水稻土(10.25)>黄壤(6.84)>黄棕壤(6.14),在烟叶实际生产中,应重视镁肥在红壤和水稻土中的施用;(2)烟叶钙含量偏高(21.93g/kg±4.37g/kg),烟叶镁含量偏低(2.52g/kg±1.26g/kg),两者均存在广泛的变异性;(3)整体来看,烟叶钙含量随土壤中交换性钙含量的升高和镁含量的降低而显著升高;烟叶镁含量随土壤交换性镁含量的升高而升高,与土壤交换性钙含量的相关性不显著;(4)典型相关分析表明,土壤中交换性镁含量的降低可能引起烟叶钾含量的提高,从而使得烟叶钾素和镁素含量达到较好的平衡;(5)土壤交换性钙、镁含量与烟叶其它化学成分指标的相关分析表明,土壤交换性钙有利于烟株对硼和氯素的吸收,对氮、锌和锰素的吸收则有显著的抑制作用;而土壤交换性镁有利于烟叶总糖、硼素和锰素的积累,对氮、磷、铁和锌素的吸收具有显著的抑制作用。     

莱州湾湿地柽柳叶片N、P生态化学计量学特征

以莱州湾湿地柽柳为研究对象,分析柽柳叶片N、P化学计量学特征的季节动态及其与土壤盐含量的相关性.结果表明:莱州湾湿地柽柳叶片中N、P含量及N/P分别为18.39 ～32.86 g·kg-1、1.02～3.16 g·kg-1和8.62 ～23.66;平均值为25.74 g· kg-1、1.75g·kg-1和15.86.叶片中N、P含量随季节的变化呈现先减小再增加的“倒抛物线”型变化趋势;而N/P呈现出先增加后减小,再逐步趋于稳定的变化趋势.莱州湾湿地柽柳的生长在生长季初期(5月)主要受N限制,而生长季中期和后期(7-10月)主要受P限制.柽柳叶片中N含量与土壤盐含量存在一定正相关(P=0.063),P含量与土壤盐含量呈负相关(P＜0.05),N/P与土壤盐含量呈正相关(P＜0.01).     

植物菌根块菌分子鉴定及菌丝培养基优化的研究

块菌属(Tuber)是由真菌感染其适宜植物根系形成,部分块菌如法国黑孢块菌(T. melanosporum)和中国印度块菌(T. indicum)等为珍稀药食两用菌,具有很高的经济价值。对块菌的过度挖掘造成野生块菌资源匮乏,块菌人工栽培技术则是实现块菌产业可持续性发展的重要基础。目前国内外人工栽培主要采用块菌子实体匀浆制成的子囊孢子悬浮液,与人工种植苗木根系共生。利用块菌菌丝替代子实体孢子悬浮液进行接种,具有减少对块菌子实体的依赖性和生产成本、保护林下块菌野生资源、促进块菌人工繁育进程的积极意义,但需要成熟高效的菌丝培养技术。该研究从云南、陕西等地林下采取块菌样品,在ITS分子鉴定并纯化得到纯种菌丝的基础上,以菌丝直径为指标,经单因素实验和4因素3水平正交实验L9(34),筛选得出最适宜的菌丝生长培养基。结果表明:(1)形态和ITS分子鉴定得到的13份块菌样品分属印度块菌(T. indicum)和假凹陷块菌(T. pseudoexcavatum)两种。(2)纯化的印度块菌菌丝培养基的最佳碳源为马铃薯浸出液,最佳氮源为酵母膏,VB1对印度块菌菌丝生长并无显著性促进作用。(3)最佳的碳源、氮源、无机盐组合为马铃薯浸出液150 g·L~(-1)、酵母膏3 g·L~(-1)、MgSO_42 g·L~(-1)、KH2PO42 g·L~(-1)。25℃,自然pH下培养8 d菌丝直径可达49.44 mm。     

内蒙古赤峰梯田土壤有机碳含量分布特征及其影响因素

选择内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗内水平梯田为研究对象,对不同水平梯田进行采样,分析了梯田土壤有机碳含量的垂直分布特征,以及地形因子和人类活动对其影响。结果表明:研究区梯田1 m深土壤剖面有机碳含量在0.87~10.25 g·kg-1,平均含量为5.91 g·kg-1。不同土层间有机碳含量存在明显差异,有机碳含量随着土壤深度的增加而降低;表层土壤有机碳平均碳含量为7.54 g·kg-1,分别是中层和底层土壤有机碳含量的1.32倍和1.67倍。各层土壤有机碳含量随坡位的变化均表现为上坡位中坡位下坡位;不同坡向上土壤有机碳平均含量表现为阴坡半阴坡半阳坡阳坡,且坡位和坡向对土壤有机碳的影响均存在显著差异(P0.05)。人为因素对梯田土壤有机碳含量的影响主要体现在不同的耕作制度和管护措施上,秸秆还田、免耕等措施有助于提高土壤有机碳含量。     

黄土塬区不同地形部位和土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响

在黄土塬区王东沟流域采集不同地形部位和不同土地利用方式下土壤样品,测定其颗粒组成、容重和饱和导水率,借助变异系数、非参数检验等方法研究了不同地形部位和不同利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响.结果表明：土壤物理性质在水平方向和沿垂直剖面都存在变异,但在同一地形部位或同一土地利用类型内,容重和颗粒组成基本相似.水平方向,饱和导水率属强变异,粘粒和砂粒含量属中等变异,粉粒含量和容重属弱变异;沿垂直剖面,土壤的粒级分布具有连续性,但0～25 cm的土壤容重和饱和导水率与下层土壤差异显著.沿坡面从上向下,土壤趋向粘重,但饱和导水率增大;其中上坡位和中坡位的土壤性质相似,在相关研究中可以进行合并.草地与其他利用方式下的土壤性质差异显著,主要受地形部位的影响;耕地和果园的土壤性质相似且不同于其他利用类型,表明人为干扰对土壤物理性质有重要影响.     

生活污水慢渗对'中林2001'杨树人工林生长的影响

采用不同污水水力负荷(每周0、3、6、9、12、15 cm),在'中林2001'杨树人工林林地进行了污水慢渗试验.结果表明:不同负荷生活污水处理使'中林2001'杨树人工林土壤平均有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和Na+含量分别比对照(0 cm)增加1.940、0.115、O.029、1.454和0.030 g·kg-1;在较低水力负荷(3～12 cm)时,杨树平均总生长量增加17.583 t·hm-2·a-1,各器官的平均氮、磷、Na+含量分别增加3.086、0.645和0.121 g·kg-1,水力负荷在每周6～12 cm时,杨树平均总生长量和各器官平均氮、磷、Na+含量达到最大值(36.252 t·hm-2·a-1、13.162 g·kg-1、5.137 g·kg-1、0.361 g·kg-1),负荷继续升高则有所下降.杨树各器官钾含量随着水力负荷的增加而降低;污水处理使杨树的叶长增加,叶不对称性减少、使林木延迟落叶.当水力负荷＞每周12 cm时,土壤中较高的Na+和水分含量将危害杨树生长.适宜'中林2001'杨树人工林生长的污水水力负荷在每周3～12 cm.     

科尔沁沙地风蚀作用对土壤碳、氮分布的影响

对位于科尔沁沙地奈曼旗中部的沙漠化区域(S区)和舍力虎湖盆(潜在沙漠化区域,P区)表层土壤理化性质、O ～100 cm土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和土壤各级颗粒密度进行了对比分析;S区内设对照点MS、风蚀发生地TS和颗粒沉降地LS,P区内相应位置设为MC、NC和SC.结果表明:自西北向东南由以中粗沙组分为主的土壤向以粘粉粒和极细沙组分为主的土壤过渡;粘粉粒密度每减少1 kg·m-2,SOC和TN密度分别下降10和1.1 g·m-2;0～ 20 cm土壤容重平均值在1.322～1.651 g·cm-3变化,表现为TS＞MS＞LS＞NC＞SC＞MC,粘粉粒含量表现出完全相反的趋势,pH表现为NC＞SC＞MC＞S区;相对各区域的对照点,以风力侵蚀作用为主的TS和SC处SOC和TN含量及密度有不同程度的下降;同样以土壤可蚀性颗粒的沉降堆积作用为主,LS的SOC和TN含量及密度较TS和MS有明显的增加,而NC较SC和MC均大幅减少.S区土壤粘粉粒中的SOC和TN含量远高于P区,但风蚀引起的粘粉粒吹蚀和沙沉积对P区土壤质量的影响程度显著大于S区.区域自然条件下,特定的土地利用方式增大了潜在沙漠化土壤的风蚀风险,风蚀作用的持续效应导致了不同的土壤碳、氮储量变化.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).