马铃薯Y病毒HC-Pro中心区域在病毒协生作用中的主导地位

利用PCR方法获得了马铃薯病毒中国株系（PVY－C）HC－Pro基因的5个缺失突变体,构建了相应的植物表达载体。通过土壤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法转化了烟草品种K326(Nicotina tabacum cv.k326)。PCR和Southern blot分析证明了HC－Pro基因及其缺失突变体已整合到烟草基因组中,Western blot表明它们在转基因烟草中得到了表达。侵染性试验发现HC－Pro中心区域介导转基因烟草中PVC－C和黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、PVY－C和马铃薯X病毒（PVX）之间的协生作用,从而明确了PVY－C HC－Pro中心区域为病毒协生作用的功能区域。     

马铃薯Y病毒蚜传辅助成分介导PVX/PVY协生作用

构建了马铃薯Y病毒中国株系（PVY－C）蚜传辅助成分（HC－Pro）基因的正义、反义和缺失三种植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草品种NC89。Southern blot分析表明,HC－Pro基因及其突变体已经整合到烟草染色体中,Western blot分析证明,正义HC－Pro基因及其缺失突变体在转基因烟草中有表达产物,攻毒试验结果表明,转正义,HC－Pro基因及其缺失突变体不仅能够提高T1转基因烟草中PVY－C的病毒积累和致病,而且对异源病毒PVX具有同样的作用,而转反义HC－Pro基因烟草对PVY－C和PVX的致病性无影响,因此,PVY－C HC－Pro基因介导PVX／PVY的协作作用。     

马铃薯Y病毒HC-Pro中心区域在病毒协生作用中的主导地位

利用PCR方法获得了马铃薯病毒中国株系(PVY-C)HC-Pro基因的5个缺失突变体,构建了相应的植物表达载体。通过土壤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法转化了烟草品种K₃₂₆(Nicotina tabacum cv.K₃₂₆)。PCR和Southern blot分析证明了HCPro基因及其缺失突变体已整合到烟草基因组中,Western blot表明它们在转基因烟草中得到了表达。侵染性试验发现HCPro中心区域介导转基因烟草中PVY-C和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、PVYC和马铃薯X病毒(PVX)之间的协生作用,从而明确了PVY-C HC-Pro中心区域为病毒协生作用的功能区域。     

马铃薯单双三价抗病毒基因表达载体的构建

马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、X病毒(PVX)和卷叶病毒(PLRV)引起的病害是造成我国马铃薯退化的主要原因,严重危害我国的马铃薯生产。PVY和PVX或PVY和PLRV混合侵染带来的损失远远大于各病毒单独侵染。国外科学家通过在马铃薯植株体内表达病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因来减缓病毒病害的发生已取得相当的成功。 我们从河北省坝上地区农科所试验田中采集PLRV感病材料Burbank及87-1,参照文献提取病毒RNA并以其为模板,反转录合成cDNA。根据PLRV澳大利亚分离物已发表的序列,设计并     

番茄环纹斑点病毒与马铃薯Y病毒复合侵染烟草的细胞病理特征

在自然情况下, 番茄环纹斑点病毒(TZSV)和马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)通常复合侵染同一植株。该文首次报道了TZSV和PVY复合侵染烟草(Nicotiana sp.)植株的细胞病理特征, 并与单独侵染进行了比较分析。复合侵染的烟草植株细胞中, TZSV病毒颗粒明显增多, 并聚集于囊膜内形成包涵体, 与PVY的风轮状及片层状内含体和病毒颗粒聚集体交叉分布于细胞质(内含线粒体明显增多)中, 线粒体、叶绿体和细胞核结构较完整; 两种病毒的颗粒、包涵体和内含体数量均较单一侵染增多, 且对寄主亚细胞结构的破坏较单一侵染为轻, TZSV和PVY及其与寄主的互作可能存在协生作用。     

四种广普性植物病毒高效mPCR检测方法的建立

本研究建立了能同时检测出烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的多重RT-PCR体系。TMV、CMV、PVX、PVY是四种广普性植物病毒,寄主范围广泛,并且常常发生复合侵染。本研究以上述四种病毒的CP基因部分序列设计引物,以反转录的cDNA为模板,建立多重RT-PCR反应体系,分别扩增出211～417bp的不同长度的基因片断,并通过序列测定来确认扩增序列的特异性。将反转录合成的cDNA进行浓度稀释,来对多重RT-PCR与单重RT-PCR的灵敏度进行比较,结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时快速检测这四种病毒,并且有很高的灵敏度。     

用IgG指示试纸同时检测多种马铃薯病毒病

用硝基纤维素膜(NCM)为载体制备的抗体IgG指示试纸,可同时检测马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯S病毒(PVS)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)的感染。以pH10.0的1％甘氨酸溶液为PVX、PVY和PVS的研磨缓冲液,比已报道的缓冲液效果好。在提取病毒抗原时加入4％纤维素酶,可提高病毒得率及所制备的抗血清灵敏度。     

不同寄主来源的马铃薯Y病毒群体遗传结构的比较分析

文章以马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY) P3和pipo基因为分子标记,比较分析烟草和马铃薯两个寄主的PVY遗传多样性和群体分化,并评估突变、选择、基因流等遗传力所起的作用。通过P3和pipo基因计算获得的烟草和马铃薯群体分化指数F_ST分别为0.116和0.120,且统计检验差异显著,表明烟草和马铃薯寄主的PVY之间中度分化。变异分析结果显示,烟草分离物P3和pipo基因的核苷酸序列一致性分别为85.2%~100%和76.5%~100%,而马铃薯分离物的P3和pipo基因的核苷酸序列一致性分别为95.7%~100%和93.0%~100%,表明烟草PVY变异程度高于马铃薯。同时,P3基因内检测到大量的净化选择位点,表明该基因大部分位点的变异为有害突变,在进化过程中被剔除。此外,P3基因内还检测到两个显著正向选择位点,表明这两个位点的变异为有益突变,有利于病毒的生存竞争。在pipo基因中未检测到显著的选择位点,表明该基因上的变异基本不受自然选择影响。通过P3和pipo基因计算烟草和马铃薯群体间的基因流Nm值分别为1.91和1.83,表明这两个群体间存在较强的基因交流。以上结果表明,来源于烟草和马铃薯寄主的PVY遗传差异显著,突变、自然选择以及基因流都影响两者的遗传多样性及遗传分化程度。     

重组马铃薯X病毒载体介导的烟草γ-微管蛋白基因沉默

用重组马铃薯X病毒(potato virus X,PVX)载体将γ-微管蛋白反义基因导入烟草(Nicotiana tabacum var.Samsun NN),得到了γ-微管蛋白基因沉默的烟草植株。它与侵染PVX空载体的正对照相比有明显的差异:不同形态的叶片分层交替生长;到生殖期所有的花苞都提前脱落;小孢子不能发育到四分体阶段。沉默的形态反应主要起始于顶端幼嫩组织。在沉默过程中除存在基因沉默及恢复现象外还出现靶基因水平的陡然升高,甚至有时会明显反超过正常对照水平。     

马铃薯X病毒分子生物学研究进展及其作为表达载体的应用

马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)又称马铃薯潜隐病毒(Potato latent virus)或马铃薯轻花叶病毒(Potato mild mosaic virus),是马铃薯X病毒属(Potexvirus)的模式成员,遍布于全世界马铃薯种植区.受侵染叶片呈花叶症状,田间常与其他病毒混合感染导致马铃薯的毁灭性减产.     

Potato Y Potyvirus Helper Component Proteinase Enhances Long-distance Movement of Potato X Potexvirus

To mutagenize two conserved CCCT and PTK motifs in the central domain of Chinese strain of potato Y potyvirus (PVY-C) helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), four mutants of HC-Pro gene were obtained by PCR and site-directed mutagenesis, and then were inserted into the constitutive expression vector pBin438. Leaves from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. K326) were transformed with these four plant expression plasmids by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation, respectively. Southern and Western blotting analyses showed that these four mutants were integrated into tobacco genomic DNA and could express the corresponding proteins in most of the transgenic plants. The challenge of transgenic plants with potato X potexvirus (PVX) revealed that the expression products of PVY-C HC-Pro mutants in transgenic plants greatly abolished functions of HC-Pro in enhancing the accumulation and pathogenicity of PVX, indicating that CCCT and PTK motifs of HC-Pro were required for PVX/PVY synergism. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that PVY-C HC-Pro had a function in accelerating the long-distance movement of PVX in these transgenic plants for the first time.     

一种基于过敏性反应机制的抗植物病毒侵染策略

基于植物的过敏性反应机制,构建了PVY Nib基因和来自于细菌Bacillus amy—loliquefaciens的一类Rnase基因Barnase基因的融合基因的植物表达载体。在此表达载体内两基因的拼接处,保留了原来PVY蛋白酶识别PVYNIb和CP蛋白剪切位点的七肽保守序列。通过农杆菌介导获得此融台基因的转基因烟草植株。病毒侵染试验表明,转基因植物在病毒侵染后,发病症状被改变。少部分转融合基因的植株对病毒侵染表现局部抗性。     

Transient expression of HPV16 E7 peptide (aa 44-60) and HPV16 L2 peptide (aa 108-120) on chimeric potyvirus-like particles using Potato virus X-based vector

The optimized expression of recombinant Potato virus A coat protein (ACP) carrying two different epitopes from Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) was developed. Epitope derived from minor capsid protein L2 was expressed as N-terminal fusion with ACP while an epitope derived from E7 oncoprotein was fused to its C-terminus. The construct was cloned into Potato X potexvirus (PVX) based vector and transiently expressed in plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated inoculation. To increase the level of expressed protein the transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Potato virus A HC-Pro gene and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, cv. Petit Havana SR1 carrying Potato virus A P3 protein gene were tested. Synergistic infection of host plants with PVX carrying the construct and Potato virus Y(O) (PVY(O)) increased the expression of L2ACPE7 in N. tabacum and in transgenic N. benthamiana carrying potyviral HC-Pro gene as compared to control plants infected with L2ACPE7 only.     

Construction of Plant Expression Vectors and Identification of Transgenic Potato Plants

Potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) infection in potato may result in the loss of centrification of seed potatoes and affect the quality and yield of potatoes in agricultural production. The authors cloned coat protein (cp) genes of PVX, PVY and PLRV and constructed two kinds of plant expression vector which contain PVX and PVY or PVY and PLRV cp genes. Three major commercial cultivars of potato and one cultivar of tobacco were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated procedure. Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis. Transgenic tobacco plants containing both PVX and PVY cp genes were significantly resistant to PVX and PVY infection via mechanical inoculation.     

马铃薯X病毒外壳蛋白的表达水平与变偶密码子使用频率的相关性

把经密码子修饰的马铃薯X病毒（Potato Virus X, PVX）外壳蛋白（Coat Protein, CP）基因和未修饰的野生型外壳蛋白基因与CaMV 35S启动子融合后,构建成相应的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导转化烟草。分别对修饰CP和野生CP的转基因烟草进行Western blot和ELISA分析,结果表明经密码子修饰的PVX外壳蛋白的表达量是野生型蛋白表达量的1/3～1/5。Northern blot结果表明修饰和未修饰的外壳蛋白在转录水平上是一致的。以上结果暗示外源基因中稀有密码子的数量可能是限制外源基因表达的一个因素。改变基因中稀有密码子的数量有可能成为控制基因表达的一种有效途径。     

Plant viral synergism: the potyviral genome encodes a broad-range pathogenicity enhancer that transactivates replication of heterologous viruses.

Synergistic viral diseases of higher plants are caused by the interaction of two independent viruses in the same host and are characterized by dramatic increases in symptoms and in accumulation of one of the coinfecting viruses. In potato virus X (PVX)/potyviral synergism, increased pathogenicity and accumulation of PVX are mediated by the expression of potyviral 5' proximal sequences encoding P1, the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), and a fraction of P3. Here, we report that the same potyviral sequence (termed P1/HC-Pro) enhances the pathogenicity and accumulation of two other heterologous viruses: cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. In the case of PVX-potyviral synergism, we show that the expression of the HC-Pro gene product, but not the RNA sequence itself, is sufficient to induce the increase in PVX pathogenicity and that both P1 and P3 coding sequences are dispensable for this aspect of the synergistic interaction. In protoplasts, expression of the potyviral P1/HC-Pro region prolongs the accumulation of PVX (-) strand RNA and transactivates expression of a reporter gene from a PVX subgenomic promoter. Unlike the synergistic enhancement of PVX pathogenicity, which requires only expression of HC-Pro, the enhancement of PVX (-) strand RNA accumulation in protoplasts is significantly greater when the entire P1/HC-Pro sequence is expressed. These results indicate that the potyviral P1/HC-Pro region affects a step in disease development that is common to a broad range of virus infections and suggest a mechanism involving transactivation of viral replication.     

Host-Specific Involvement of the HC Protein in the Long-Distance Movement of Potyviruses

Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the Potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the Prunus genus. Although PPV infects systemically several species of the Nicotiana genus, such as N. clevelandii and N. benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of N. tabacum, it is unable to infect systemically the last host. The long-distance movement defect of PPV was corrected in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the 5"-terminal region of the genome of tobacco etch virus (TEV), a potyvirus that infects systemically tobacco. The fact that PPV was unable to move to upper noninoculated leaves in tobacco plants transformed with the same TEV transgene, but with a mutation in the HC protein (HC-Pro)-coding sequences, identifies the multifunctional HC-Pro as the complementing factor, and strongly suggests that a defect in an HC-Pro activity is responsible for the long-distance movement defect of PPV in tobacco. Whereas PPV HC-Pro strongly intensifies the symptoms caused by potato virus X (PVX) in the PPV systemic hosts N. clevelandii and N. benthamiana, it has no apparent effect on PVX pathogenicity in tobacco, supporting the hypothesis that long-distance movement and pathogenicity enhancement are related activities of the potyviral HC proteins. The movement defect of PPV in tobacco could also be complemented by cucumber mosaic virus in a mixed infection, demonstrating that at least some components of the long-distance machinery of the potyviruses are not strictly virus specific. A general conclusion of this work is that the HC-Pro might be a relevant factor for controlling the host range of the potyviruses.