超高效液相色谱法测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量的方法,为麻黄药材质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定麻黄碱色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm);检测波长:214 nm;流动相为0.15%氨水水溶液(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～4.0 min,5%B→55%B;4.0～4.1 min,55%B→95%B;4.1～4.7 min,95%B;4.7～4.8 min,95%B→5%B;4.8～5.0 min,5%B),流速:0.7mL/min;柱温:25℃。结果:l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱分别在12.50～500.00μg/mL和10.50～420.00μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,UPLC方法测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的回收率分别为101.99%和98.68%。应用UPLC方法测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量,麻黄药材两者含量分别为0.80%和0.18%。结论:与常规HPLC测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够快速测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的实际含量;并且对麻黄碱及相关物质的测定有一定的指导意义。     

暗褐网柄牛肝菌尿苷和麦角甾醇含量测定及 指纹图谱分析

采用HPLC测定暗褐网柄牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)中尿苷和麦角甾醇含量并建立其指纹图谱。结果表明,最佳分析条件为Waters HSST3色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱(0～5 min,0%B; 5～15 min,0→4%B; 15～45 min,4%→100%B; 45～60 min,100%B),流速1 mL/min,检测波长260 nm,柱温30℃,进样量0. 5μL。尿苷和麦角甾醇分别在质量浓度0. 003 4～0.34 mg/mL和0. 060 5～1. 21 mg/mL时线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98. 31%(RSD 2. 98%)和102. 72%(RSD 2.84%)。含量测定结果显示,10批样品尿苷和麦角甾醇的含量范围分别为0～2.00 mg/g和3.38～9. 10 mg/g。建立了10批暗褐网柄牛肝菌的共有峰模式,标记了6个共有峰,10批样品的指纹图谱相似度均0.95。方法学考察结果表明本实验建立的HPLC含量测定和指纹图谱分析方法准确可靠,可用于暗褐网柄牛肝菌的质量评价。     

甘草干姜汤中8种药效组分的含量测定

分析测定不同本草所载甘草干姜汤中的8种药效组分,为其建立与临床疗效相对应的质量标准提供技术和思路。甘草干姜汤按照传统煎煮方法制备,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对其药效组分进行测定。流动相(A)0.1%磷酸水溶液-(B)乙腈,梯度洗脱(0~5 min,5%~15%B;5~10 min,15%~22%B;10~15 min,22%~26%B;15~30 min,26%~28%B;30~32 min,28%~55%B;32~35 min,55%~60%B;35~40 min,60%~63%B;40~45 min,63%~65%B),流速0.6 m L/min,柱温30℃。所得不同甘草干姜汤中的8种药效组分(甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、甘草酸、异甘草素、6-姜酚、8-姜酚、6-姜烯酚)含量分别为175.68、20.23、10.87、367.79、1.99、29.48、9.93、4.88μg/m L(炙甘草12 g-干姜6 g);243.14、29.87、14.97、624.53、3.29、22.42、14.97、3.14μg/m L(炙甘草12 g-炮干姜6 g);151.42、17.45、8.92、344.03、1.52、24.2、7.17、0.84μg/m L(炙甘草9 g-炮干姜9 g)。本实验所采用的HPLC法快速、可靠,所测得的8种药效组分可作为甘草干姜汤质量控制的科学指标,也为建立与临床疗效相对应、安全、有效、稳定的中药质量评价体系提供一个新方向。     

不同采收期水栀子果实中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ和栀子苷含量变化研究

建立水栀子药材中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)含量测定的方法,研究不同采收期的水栀子药材中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ和栀子苷含量的变化趋势。西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量测定采用80%甲醇超声提取,通过UPLC-DAD法测定。色谱条件:Aglient Pro120 EC-C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱,以水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,0~5 min,5%~20%B;5~17 min,20%~27%B;柱温15℃,流速0.8m L/min,检测波长440 nm。栀子苷含测采用《中国药典》2015年版一部栀子项下的含量测定方法检测。通过实验,红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ分别在49.5560~955.6000 ng、5.9045~1180.9000 ng线性范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996、r=0.9998),平均回收率分别为98.17%、99.67%(n=9)。表明建立的西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量测定方法简便,稳定性、重复性、分离度均好;随着采收期的延长,样本中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ的含量逐步增加,而栀子苷含量先降低后再逐步增加到一个平衡值。本研究为水栀子药材最佳采收期的确定提供了实验依据。     

UPLC法测定川芎生长过程中6种主要成分的含量变化

采用UPLC法测定川芎生长过程中主要酚酸类和苯酞类成分的含量变化。色谱条件为色谱柱Waters BEH C18(50×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm),流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 m L/min,检测波长280、320 nm,柱温35℃。绿原酸0.78~113.64μg/m L、阿魏酸0.19~5.99μg/m L、洋川芎内酯I 0.59~25.78μg/m L、阿魏酸松柏酯5.49~175.77μg/m L、洋川芎内酯A 5.93~189.82μg/m L、Z-藁本内酯15.88~508.18μg/m L范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率98.72%~109.63%,RSD3%。川芎根茎的平均干重在倒苗期达到一个小高峰,但此时总苯酞和总酚酸含量均较低;在二次茎叶发生生长期根茎干重下降,总苯酞含量逐渐增高,而总酚酸含量逐渐降低;在根茎膨大期,根茎干重快速增加,单株根茎的平均干重在6月初达到最大值26.51±2.94 g,此时总酚酸和总苯酞的含量分别达到11.61 mg/g和31.08 mg/g,之后便迅速降低。综合考虑根茎干重和主要药效成分含量,四川彭州产区的川芎药材的采挖时间以5月底至6月初为宜。     

HPLC法测定牙膏中柚皮苷的含量

建立了高效液相色谱测定牙膏中柚皮苷含量的方法。采用的色谱条件:Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);柱温为40℃;以水(A相)和乙腈(B相),梯度洗脱程序为:0～15 min,10%～100%B;流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为283 nm;进样量为20μL。结果表明,柚皮苷的质量浓度在14.55～116.40μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加标回收率为97.56%。该方法稳定、准确,重现性好,可作为牙膏中柚皮苷的含量测定和质量控制方法。     

UPLC同时检测姜黄素-胡椒碱纳米混合胶束中姜黄素和胡椒碱的含量

文章采用了同时测定姜黄素-胡椒碱纳米混合胶束中姜黄素和胡椒碱含量的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)分析方法。超高效液相色谱法,Waters BEH C₁₈(2.1×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈;检测波长为430 nm(姜黄素)、343 nm(胡椒碱);流速为0.15 m L·min^-1;进样量为1μL,柱温为30℃。姜黄素和胡椒碱的线性范围分别为12.41～198.6μg·m L^-1(r=0.999 9)和0.62～9.9μg·m L^-1(r=0.999 9);平均回收率分别为99.77%和99.82%,S_RSD分别为0.10%和0.17%。该方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、准确性高、重复性好,结果准确、可靠,可用于姜黄素-胡椒碱纳米混合胶束中姜黄素和胡椒碱含量的测定。     

不同产地玛咖中酰胺含量分析

建立玛咖酰胺测定方法,测定不同产地玛咖切片中玛咖酰胺含量。采用HPLC法,色谱条件为Sepax Sapphire C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)流动相:乙腈(A)-0.05%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱:0~15 min,90%~95%A;15~50 min,95%A。检测波长208 nm,体积流量1.0 m L/min,柱温30℃。酰胺1、酰胺2、酰胺3分别在0.88~132μg/m L、0.85~128μg/m L、0.96~144μg/m L线性关系良好。酰胺1、酰胺2平均回收率分别为99.21%(RSD=1.64%)、98.59%(RSD=1.75%)。不同产地玛咖中玛咖酰胺含量差别较大,建立可靠、准确、重复性好的检测方法,有利于评价不同产地玛咖的质量。     

基于HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS法分析测定乌天麻和红天麻中化学成分的研究

建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱(HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS)联用技术用于指认乌天麻和红天麻中的化学成分,并对天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、腺苷、巴利森苷A、4,4'-二羟基二苄基醚6种成分进行含量测定。采用Agilent 1120高效液相系统,YMC-PEAK ODS-A column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇溶液(B),梯度洗脱:0~5 min,5%B;5~65 min,5%~40%B;65~80 min,40%~100%B;分析时间80 min;体积流量1 m L/min;柱温25℃;进样量50μL。最终指认了天麻提取物中的15种成分,其中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、腺苷、巴利森苷A、4,4'-二羟基二苄基醚6种成分在线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系(r≥0.9991);平均回收率在94.90%~99.81%之间,RSD2.40%。在不同品种的天麻饮片中,6种成分的量存在差异,红天麻各成分含量稍高于乌天麻,一级乌天麻各成分含量高于二级乌天麻。同一品种天麻中,巴利森苷类成分含量较高,腺苷和4,4'-二羟基二苄基醚含量均较低。建立的HPLC测定方法分离效果与重复性好、快速、简便,为天麻饮片的质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC同时测定伤科黄水中6个生物碱的含量

建立HPLC同时测定伤科黄水中6个生物碱的方法。采用XBridge C₁₈色谱柱(3. 5μm,2. 1 mm×100 mm),柱温35℃,测定波长280 nm,以0. 1%磷酸溶液(每100 mL加0. 3 g十二烷基苯磺酸钠)(A)-乙腈-水-磷酸-十二烷基苯磺酸钠(90∶10∶0. 1∶0. 3)(B)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱(0～30 min,B%:35～70; 30～31 min,B%:70～35; 31～40min,B%:35)。经方法学验证,黄柏碱、药根碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀、小檗碱等共6个生物碱分离情况良好,在测定时间段内无明显干扰峰;加样回收率均在95%～115%之间,RSD%均小于5%;精密度RSD%均小于5%;在测定浓度范围内(1～50μg/mL)线性关系良好,相关系数(R^2)大于0. 999。3个不同批次供试品的测定结果较一致。本研究建立的HPLC分析方法可用于同时测定伤科黄水中6个生物碱的含量。     

从薄层层析到天然产物工业制备层析的理论与实践

基于分离理论的共性,通过薄层层析优化难分离物质对的最佳分离条件并直接放大到植物天然产物的工业制备分离。本文对实际应用中的溶剂组成、溶剂强度、溶剂用量及溶剂再利用等问题作了详细论述。最佳溶剂选择性可通过不同溶剂系统在薄层板上所给难分离物质对的最大Rf比值确定;在正相硅胶层析中,主要极性溶剂决定了物质的洗脱顺序;洗脱剂中极少量强极性溶剂(O．5％)或pH值的改变可显著改善拖尾现象;根据Rf值和容量因子(K)及洗脱体积三者之间的关系,Rf在0．1～0．3为用于柱层析的洗脱溶剂强度的最佳范围。     

Benzoylcellulose derivatives as chiral stationary phases for open tubular column chromatography

The application of cellulose-based stationary phases for chiral separations has been extended to open tubular column chromatography. Efficient columns were obtained by coating the capillaries with mixtures of chiral cellulose materials and conventional achiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. In this study, various siloxane and polyethylene glycol polymers were used as achiral components and mixed with different substituted benzoylcellulose derivatives as chiral components. Systematic investigations were carried out to determine the optimal ratio for the components of the stationary phase. Depending on the chromatographic mode—gas chromatography (GC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)—the stationary phases were found to behave differently. The applicability of the technique was demonstrated by the resolution of various racemic compounds. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

离心液相色谱法快速分离纯化神经节苷脂

神经节苷脂在脊椎动物的神经组织细胞膜上含量丰富,除有受体的功能外,还有许多其它功能。采用离心液相色谱法,以国产硅胶Ｇ－６０为填料,分离纯化神经节苷脂,取得了满意的效果。经分离后产物的脂结合唾液酸（ＬＢＳＡ）含量,由１４．３％提高到２４．１％。以蛋白质含量为代表的含氮化合物由２２．０％降至９．６％。回收率为９０．２５％。特点是操作简便、周期短、成本低、效果好。优于ｌａｔｒｏｂｅａｄｓ柱层析法。     

Design of experiments applications in bioprocessing: Chromatography process development using split design of experiments

Development of a chromatographic step in a time and resource efficient manner remains a serious bottleneck in protein purification. Chromatographic performance typically depends on raw material attributes, feed material attributes, process factors, and their interactions. Design of experiments (DOE) based process development is often chosen for this purpose. A challenge is, however, in performing a DOE with such a large number of process factors. A split DOE approach based on process knowledge in order to reduce the number of experiments is proposed. The first DOE targets optimizing factors that are likely to significantly impact the process and their effect on process performance is unknown. The second DOE aims to fine-tune another set of interacting process factors, impact of whom on process performance is known from process understanding. Furthermore, modeling of a large set of output response variables has been achieved by fitting the output responses to an empirical equation and then using the parametric constants of the equation as output response variables for regression modeling. Two case studies involving hydrophobic interaction chromatography for removal of aggregates and cation exchange chromatography for separation of charge variants and aggregates have been utilized to illustrate the proposed approach. Proposed methodology reduced total number of experiments by 25% and 72% compared to a single DOE based on central composite design and full factorial design, respectively. The proposed approach is likely to result in a significant reduction in resources required as well as time taken during process development. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2730, 2019     

离子交换层析结合反向色谱纯化聚二氨基丙酸

ε-聚赖氨酸生产菌株Streptomyces albulus PD-1可合成一种新型非蛋白质氨基酸均聚物聚二氨基丙酸,采用离子交换层析和反向色谱,对聚二氨基丙酸的分离纯化进行研究。离子交换层析柱选用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow填料,50 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 7.5)平衡上样,含0.5 mol/L Na Cl的磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 7.5)洗脱,收集洗脱液用分子筛Sephadex G-25除去磷酸盐缓冲液。然后用C18反相色谱进一步纯化,流动相为V(甲醇)/V(0.1%磷酸)=5/95。经过离子交换层析和反向色谱,纯化得到聚二氨基丙酸纯品,回收率为39.8%,样品纯度达98.4%,为后续的聚二氨基丙酸的深入研究奠定基础。     

Understanding the mechanism of virus removal by Q sepharose fast flow chromatography during the purification of CHO‐cell derived biotherapeutics

During production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mammalian cell culture, it is important to ensure that viral impurities and potential viral contaminants will be removed during downstream purification. Anion exchange chromatography provides a high degree of virus removal from mAb feedstocks, but the mechanism by which this is achieved has not been characterized. In this work, we have investigated the binding of three viruses to Q sepharose fast flow (QSFF) resin to determine the degree to which electrostatic interactions are responsible for viral clearance by this process. We first used a chromatofocusing technique to determine the isoelectric points of the viruses and established that they are negatively charged under standard QSFF conditions. We then determined that virus removal by this chromatography resin is strongly disrupted by the presence of high salt concentrations or by the absence of the positively charged Q ligand, indicating that binding of the virus to the resin is primarily due to electrostatic forces, and that any non‐electrostatic interactions which may be present are not sufficient to provide virus removal. Finally, we determined the binding profile of a virus in a QSFF column after a viral clearance process. These data indicate that virus particles generally behave similarly to proteins, but they also illustrate the high degree of performance necessary to achieve several logs of virus reduction. Overall, this mechanistic understanding of an important viral clearance process provides the foundation for the development of science‐based process validation strategies to ensure viral safety of biotechnology products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 371–380 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Mass Spectroscopy and Chromatography of the Trichloromethyl Radical Adduct of Phenyl Ter T-Butyl Nitrone

Positive structural identification of the PBN-trichloromethyl spin adduct in vim was accomplished with the use of high pressure liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrome-try. Both thin layer and liquid chromatography were used to separate a complex mixture of compounds from rat liver extracts treated with CCI, in vitro and in vivo. Deuterated PBN's (PBN-d, text-butyl deuteration, or PBN-d₁₄; both phenyl and tert-butyl deuteration) were also used to aid in the mass spectral analysis of spin adducts from liver extracts of CCI, exposed rat livers, since the rerr-butyl group fragment ion, C₄D₉+ (m/z = 66) is always present for PBN and PBN spin adducts. In addition, the masses of the ion peaks increase by the amount of deuteration, i.e. an increase of 9 for PBN-d, or PBN-d₁₄ in comparison to normally synthesized PBN.     

非盐依赖层析的研究与应用

在非盐依赖层析操作中,吸附介质的成分、结构、密度等性质得到改进,所以料液离子强度的变化不会明显影响吸附 . 与常用的离子交换层析、疏水层析、亲硫层析等方法相比,该类技术能够降低对料液预处理的要求,提高蛋白质的稳定性,同时简化层析操作、降低纯化成本,具有大规模分离纯化蛋白质的潜力 . 近年来开发的多种非盐依赖层析介质与方法,都已在蛋白质纯化中得到应用 .     

Clearance of porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus from porcine-derived pepsin by low pH inactivation and cation exchange chromatography

The contamination of oral rotavirus vaccines by porcine circovirus (PCV) raised questions about potential PCV contamination of other biological products when porcine trypsin or pepsin is used in production process. Several methods can be potentially implemented as a safety barrier when animal derived trypsin or pepsin is used. Removal of PCV is difficult by the commonly used viral filters with the pore size cutoff of approximately 20 nm because of the smaller size of PCV particles that are around 17 nm. It was speculated that operating the chromatography step at a pH higher than pepsin's low pI, but lower than pIs, of most viruses would allow the pepsin to flow through the resin and be recovered from the flow through pool whilst the viruses would be retained on the resin. In this study, we investigated low pH inactivation of viruses including PCV Type 1 (PCV1) and PCV1 removal by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) in the presence of pepsin. Both parvovirus and PCV1 could be effectively inactivated by low pH and PCV1 could be removed by POROS 50HS CEX. The POROS 50HS method presented in this article is helpful for designing other CEX methods for the same purpose and not much difference would be expected for similar product intermediates and same process parameters. While the effectiveness needs to be confirmed for specific applications, the results demonstrate that both low pH (pH 1.7) and CEX methods were successful in eliminating PCV1 and thus either can be considered as an effective virus barrier.     

HOP is a monomer: Investigation of the oligomeric state of the co‐chaperone HOP

The co-chaperone Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein (HOP) plays a central role in protein folding in vivo, binding to both Hsp70 and Hsp90 and bringing them together in a functional complex. Reports in the literature concerning the oligomeric state of HOP have been inconsistent—is it a monomer, dimer, or higher order oligomer? Knowing the oligomeric state of HOP is important, because it places limits on the number and types of multiprotein complexes that can form during the folding cycle. Thus, the number of feasible models is simplified. Here, we explicitly investigate the oligomeric state of HOP using three complementary methods: gel filtration chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and an in vivo coexpression assay. We find that HOP does not behave like a monomeric globular protein on gel filtration. Rather its behavior is consistent with it being either an elongated monomer or a dimer. We follow-up on these studies using sedimentation equilibrium AUC, which separates on the basis of molecular weight (MW), independent of shape. Sedimentation equilibrium AUC clearly shows that HOP is a monomer, with no indication of higher MW species. Finally, we use an in vivo coexpression assay that also supports the conclusion that HOP is a monomer.