胃苏颗粒联合四联疗法对Hp阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃肠激素和胃黏膜COX-2、NF-κB表达的影响

摘要 目的：观察胃苏颗粒联合四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）患者血清胃肠激素和胃黏膜氧化酶-2（COX-2）、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）表达的影响。方法：选取2017年7月~2019年6月期间中国人民解放军总医院第二医学中心消化内科收治的Hp阳性CAG患者120例,根据信封抽签法将患者分为观察组（60例,胃苏颗粒联合四联疗法）、对照组（60例,四联疗法）,均治疗2周。观察两组疗效、Hp根除率、胃肠激素和胃黏膜COX-2、NF-κB表达,观察两组治疗方案的药物安全性。结果：观察组的临床总有效率和Hp根除率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗2周后胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MTL）水平低于对照组,胃泌素-17（G-17）水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后3个月的胃黏膜COX-2、NF-κB表达低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：Hp阳性CAG患者采用四联疗法联合胃苏颗粒治疗,可有效控制患者胃肠激素水平,降低胃黏膜COX-2、NF-κB表达,疗效确切,且不良反应发生风险较低。     

枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌对 老年幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的疗效

目的探讨枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌对老年幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)患者的临床疗效。方法将80例H.pylori阳性的老年慢性萎缩性胃炎患者随机分为2组,各40例。其中对照组患者给予包含雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素和胶体果胶铋的标准四联疗法治疗。观察组患者将四联疗法中的胶体果胶铋替代为枳术宽中胶囊,并在此基础上加用益生菌。7天为1个疗程,全部患者治疗2个疗程。停药1个月后比较两组患者治疗前后临床症状缓解率、H.pylori根除率、不良反应发生率等情况。结果治疗后两组患者病情均有所改善,但与对照组相比,观察组患者的症状缓解率及H.pylori根除率较高,不良反应发生率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌可明显缓解老年CAG患者的临床症状,提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,同时减轻患者不良反应发生率,对临床治疗CAG具有指导性意义。     

埃索美拉唑为基础的四联疗法对消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌根除率、炎性因子及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨埃索美拉唑为基础的四联疗法对消化性溃疡(PU)患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)根除率、炎性因子及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2016年3月～2018年11月间我院接收的117例PU患者,根据数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=58)和研究组(n=59),对照组给予以奥美拉唑为基础的四联疗法治疗,研究组给予以埃索美拉唑为基础的四联疗法治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、Hp根除率、炎性因子、生活质量及不良反应。结果:研究组治疗后总有效率为74.58%(44/59),高于对照组患者的53.45%(31/58)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组的HP根除率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后临床症状、心理情感、社交及任务完成评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:埃索美拉唑为基础的四联疗法治疗PU,可有效改善炎性因子水平、Hp根除率和生活质量,疗效确切,安全性好,临床应用价值较高。     

半夏泻心汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床分析

目的观察半夏泻心汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床效果。方法选择我院2014年1~12月收治的106例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和治疗组各53例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,治疗组采用半夏泻心汤治疗,比较两组患者的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况、临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果治疗组Hp转阴率(81.1%)明显高于对照组(50.0%),治疗总有效率(94.3%)显著高于对照组(81.1%),不良反应发生率(0.0%)明显低于对照组(11.3%),差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论半夏泻心汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的效果好,安全性高,并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

公英益胃汤联合四联疗法对慢性胃炎的治疗效果及对幽门螺旋杆菌感染的影响

摘要 目的：分析感染幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）的慢性胃炎患者在接受治疗时应用公英益胃汤+四联疗法后对疗效的影响。方法：随机将80例我院诊治的Hp阳性的慢性胃炎患者分为对照组与实验组,每组40例,对比两组患者的治疗效果、两组患者治疗前后症状评分、两组患者症状缓解时间、Hp清除率及复发率、两组患者不良反应发生率。结果：实验组患者的治疗总有效率为97.50 %,对照组患者的治疗总有效率为77.50%,实验组治疗有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者的上腹疼痛、反酸、嗳气、食后胀满各项症状积分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者的上腹疼痛、反酸、嗳气、食后胀满各项症状积分均降低,并且治疗后实验组患者以上症状评分均低于对照组治疗后（P＜0.05）;实验组患者腹部隐痛、食欲不佳、反酸缓解时间均较对照组短（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应发生率无差异（P＞0.05）;实验组患者的HP根除率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：公英益胃汤+四联疗法对于减轻Hp感染的慢性胃炎患者临床症状,促进其病情在短时间内得到缓解有着显著的疗效,同时这一治疗方案也能够有效清除患者体内的幽门螺旋杆菌,避免疾病的反复发作,降低疾病复发率,且不良反应较少,能够保证患者的用药安全。     

黄连素治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效及对患者血清VEGF、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平的影响

目的:探讨黄连素治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效及对患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)水平及胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGR)的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年1月我院接诊的96例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者,随机分为观察组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。对照组进行常规治疗,胃幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)阴性的患者口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊,Hp阳性的患者口服阿莫西林胶囊+克拉霉素胶囊+奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊,观察组联合复方黄连素片治疗。比较两组治疗前后血清VEGF、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR、Hp阳性率的变化、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组血清VEGF、PGⅠ、PGR水平以及Hp阳性率均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),PGⅡ较治疗前均未有显著改变(P0.05);且观察组血清VEGF水平、Hp阳性率明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清PGⅠ、PGR水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未有恶心呕吐、白细胞减少、肝肾功能异常等严重不良反应。结论:黄连素可显著提高慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的临床效果,其作用机制可能和改善患者血清VEGF、PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平有关。     

胃炎康方5号联合西药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效分析

目的:探究胃炎康方5号联合西医治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效。方法:选取在我院接受治疗的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者94例,分为对照组和实验组,对照组患者采用常规的胃三联治疗方法,实验组患者在对照组患者的治疗方法之上再加上胃炎康方5号治疗,观察分析和对比两组患者的治疗效果以及Hp根除率(幽门螺旋杆菌根除率)。结果:对照组患者治疗的总有效率为46.81%,Hp根除率为82.98%,实验组患者治疗的总有效率为80.85%,根除率为93.62%,两组结果相比较,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胃炎康方5号联合西药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

瑞巴派特四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡患者血清氧化应激指标和胃蛋白酶原的影响

摘要 目的：观察瑞巴派特四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性消化性溃疡的疗效及对患者血清氧化应激指标和胃蛋白酶原的影响。方法：选取2020年7月至2021年12月期间广西壮族自治区胸科医院收治的Hp阳性消化性溃疡患者（n=100）,按照随机数字表法分为联合组（50例,瑞巴派特四联疗法）、对照组（50例,标准四联疗法）。对比两组疗效、量表评分、血清氧化应激指标、胃蛋白酶原（PG）、不良反应发生率、Hp根除率、复发率。结果：联合组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。联合组的消化性溃疡愈合率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,联合组胃食管反流性疾病症状频率量表（FSSG）各项评分、临床症状各项评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,联合组血清丙二醛（MDA）低于对照组,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,联合组胃蛋白酶原（PG）Ⅰ、PGⅡ低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。联合组的Hp根除率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：瑞巴派特四联疗法治疗Hp阳性消化性溃疡患者,可有效促进溃疡愈合,缓解临床症状,改善机体应激状态和胃蛋白酶原水平,提高Hp根除率,减少不良反应及复发情况。     

利培酮联合小剂量阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清神经递质、糖脂代谢及BMI的影响

目的:探讨利培酮联合小剂量阿立哌唑治疗对精神分裂症患者血清神经递质、糖脂代谢及体质量指数(BMI)的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年10月期间我院收治的80例精神分裂症患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=40)和研究组(n=40),对照组予以利培酮治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合小剂量阿立哌唑治疗,比较两组患者疗效、阳性和阴性症状评定量表(PANSS)评分、血清神经递质[多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)]和糖脂代谢[血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)],记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗4周后临床总有效率为97.50%(39/40),高于对照组的82.50%(33/40)(P0.05)。两组治疗4周后PANSS中的阴性症状评分、阳性症状评分、一般病理评分、总分、FPG、TC、TG及血清多巴胺水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4周后血清NE、5-HIAA水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4周后BMI均略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究组、对照组不良反应总发生率分别为15.00%(6/40)、12.50%(5/40),二者比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:利培酮联合小剂量阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症患者可提高其临床疗效,可有效改善血清神经递质水平,对机体糖脂代谢和BMI影响轻微,且用药安全性较好。     

布拉氏酵母菌联合PPI三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌性消化性溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的:观察布拉氏酵母菌联合PPI三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌性消化性溃疡的临床疗效及安全性.方法:100例Hp阳性消化性溃疡患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予常规PPI三联疗效治疗(奥关拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素),治疗组在常规PPI三联疗法的基础上给予布拉氏酵母菌,疗程结束后评价临床疗效,观察治疗期间的药物不良反应,检测胃液pH值,对胃液细菌进行培养,检测Hp抑杀情况,评定消化性溃疡复发.结果:治疗组临床疗效有效率(96.0％)、Hp抑杀率(84.4％)均显著高于对照组(62.0％、64.4％),两组比较有显著性差异(x2=6.899、5.848,P＜0.05).治疗后,治疗组胃液pH值、胃液细菌培养阳性率与治疗前和对照组比较均明显升高(P＜0.05);随访1年,治疗组复发率为10.0％,对照组为26.0％,两组复发率比较有显著性差异(x2=11.584,P＜0.05).两组均无严重不良反应发生.结论:布拉氏酵母菌联合PPI三联疗法治疗Hp阳性消化性溃疡临床疗效好,复发率低,且安全可靠,值得临床应用.     

ATP/ADP exchange activity of gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase

The ATP/ADP exchange is shown to be a partial reaction of the $\text{(}\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ by the absence of measurable nucleoside diphosphokinase activity and the insensitivity of the reaction to $\text{P}{}^1$, $\text{P}{}^5$ -di(adenosine-5′) pentaphosphate, a myokinase inhibitor. The exchange demonstrates an absolute requirement for Mg²⁺ and is optimal at an ADP/ATP ratio of 2. The high ATP concentration ($\text{K}{}_{0.5}\text{= 116 μ}\text{M}$) required for maximal exchange is interpreted as evidence for the involvement of a low affinity form of nucleotide site. The ATP/ADP exchange is regarded as evidence for an ADP-sensitive form of the phosphoenzyme. In native enzyme, pre-steady state kinetics show that the formation of the phosphoenzyme is partially sensitive to ADP while modification of the enzyme by pretreatment with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the absence of Mg²⁺ results in a steady-state phosphoenzyme population, a component of which is ADP sensitive. The ATP/ADP exchange reaction can be either stimulated or inhibited by the presence of K⁺ as a function of pH and Mg²⁺.     

Characterization of cytochrome P-450SCC-containing liposomes

Purified cytochrome $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria was incorporated into liposomes by the cholate-dilution method utilizing either dialysis or Sephadex gel filtration. Among synthetic phospholipids tested, dioleoylglycerophosphocholine showed the best stability during the incorporation of $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ into liposomes. A maximum amount of heme was incorporated into liposomes at a molar ratio of phospholipid to the cytochrome of approx. 200. When $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ was incorporated into the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes by the cholate-filtration method, the $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}\text{-}\text{containing liposomes}$ showed two major populations on the elution pattern of the Sepharose 4B gel filtration, and were seen at a diameter of 200–600 Å and its aggregated forms. When the cytochrome was incorporated into dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes or cholesterol-free adrenocortical mitochondrial liposomes, $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ was less stable than $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ in aqueous solution. Cholesterol or adrenodoxin markedly stabilized the liposomal $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$. Liposomal $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ required cholesterol for its optimum reduction with adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin reductase, and NADPH in the presence of CO. About 70% of the total heme in the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes was reduced by the enzymatic reduction in the presence of cholesterol, indicating that 70% of the total molecules are exposed to the surface of the outer monolayer. In order to see the location of the heme in membrane, the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine-liposomal $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$ was subjected to $\text{p-}\text{chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid}$ treatment. This reagent destroyed the liposomal $\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>450</mtext><mtext>SCC</mtext>}}$. These results suggest that the heme is located in the proximity of the $\text{p-}\text{chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid}$ reacting sites which are exposed to the surface, or located on the vincinity of polar heads of the membrane.     

AutoFACT: AnAutomaticFunctionalAnnotation andClassificationTool

Background  

Assignment of function to new molecular sequence data is an essential step in genomics projects. The usual process involves similarity searches of a given sequence against one or more databases, an arduous process for large datasets.     

Ligand-dependent reactivity of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase with showdomycin

Showdomycin inhibited pig brain ($\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ with pseudo first-order kinetics. The rate of inhibition by showdomycin was examined in the presence of 16 combinations of four ligands, i.e., Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and ATP, and was found to depend on the ligands added. Combinations of ligands were divided into five groups in terms of the magnitude of the rate constant; in the order of decreasing rate constants these were: (1)$\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$, (2) $\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}$, $\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ and none, (3) $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{,}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, $\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ and $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}$, (4) $\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}\text{,}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$ and $\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}\text{, (5)}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$, $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$, $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$, $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{ATP}$ and ATP. The highest rate was obtained in the presence of Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and ATP. The apparent concentrations of Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and ATP for half-maximum stimulation of inhibition ($\text{K}{}_{0.5}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}$) were 3 mM, 0.13 mM and 4μM, respectively. The rate was unchanged upon further increase in Na⁺ concentration from 140 to 1000 mM. The rates of inhibition could be explained on the basis of the enzyme forms present, including E₁, E₂, ES, E₁-P and E₂-P, i.e., E₂ has higher reactivity with showdomycin than E₁, while E₂-P has almost the same reactivity as E₁-P. We conclude that the reaction of ($\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ proceeds via at least four kinds of enzyme form (E₁, E₂, E₁ · nucleotide and EP), which all have different conformations.     

A/California/7/2009与A/California/4/2009病毒感染力比较

目的甲型H1N1流感病毒A/California/7/2009与A/California/4/2009病毒序列比较同源性在99%以上,本实验旨在比较两株病毒感染BALB/c小鼠研究感染力强弱。方法分别将A/California/7/2009（CA7）与A/California/4/2009（CA4）两株病毒分别连续10倍稀释后,对4~6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒,每个稀释度接种10只实验小鼠,测定CA7 MLD50为101.24/0.05 mL,检测小鼠感染、致病的多项指标,观察期为14 d。结果相同TCID50的CA7和CA4病毒感染小鼠,CA4感染小鼠后14 d内死亡率为20%,而CA7感染小鼠后8 d内死亡率为100%。CA7 106TCID50感染的小鼠病理表现为重度弥漫性间质性肺炎,CA4 106TCID50感染的小鼠病理表现为中度-重度间质性肺炎。结论在相同条件下,CA7感染力明显强于CA4。     

Characterization of partially purified (Na+ + K+)-ATPase from porcine lens

The partial purification of $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ from pig lens has been achieved by treatment with deoxycholate followed by density gradient centrifugation. The specific activity of the final preparation, ranging from 300 to 500 nmol/h per mg protein, is increased approx. 100-fold compared to the homogenate. A parallel increase in $\text{p-}\text{nitrophenylphosphatase}$ activity is also observed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis reveals six major protein bands, one of which is the 93 kDa α subunit of $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ which can be phosphorylated by reaction with [γ-³²P]ATP. A second band contains a glycoprotein which displays an apparent molecular weight of 51 000 and thus appears to be the β subunit of the enzyme. The enzyme is sensitive to ouabain with the $\text{I}{}_{50}$ for $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ and $\text{p-}\text{nitrophenylphosphatase}$ inhibition being 1.2 and 1.3 μM, respectively. Several agents which inhibit $\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ from other tissues such as oligomycin, Ca²⁺, vanadate, $\text{N-}\text{ethylmaleimide}$, $\text{p-}\text{chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid}$ (PCMBS) and 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) also inhibit the lens enzyme. Monovalent cations other than K⁺ are partially effective in activating the ($\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$)-ATPase and $\text{p-}\text{nitrophenylphosphatase}$ activities. The K⁺ congeners were relatively more effective in supporting $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ compared to $\text{p-}\text{nitrophenylphosphatase}$ activity. Other kinetic properties of the lens enzyme are also comparable to those of the enzyme from other tissues. Utilizing the partially purified membrane bound enzyme, discontinuities in Arrhenius plots of $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ activity, $\text{p-}\text{nitrophenylphosphatase}$ activity and fluoresence polarization of the fluidity probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), are observed near the physiological temperature of lens. The possible significance of these observations for the mechanism of cataract formation are discussed.     

An electron spin probe study of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase-Containing membranes

The modulating effect of membrane lipids on enzyme function has been described by several investigators. We have used the spin probe $\text{N-}\text{oxyl}\text{-4′,4′-}\text{dimethyloxazolidine}\text{-12-}\text{keto}$ methyl stearate (M 12-NSE) to study this interaction in ox brain membranes enriched with $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$. This methyl ester of stearic acid is practically insoluble in aqueous media, and consequently spectra of M 12-NSE-labelled preparations are free of “liquid lines”.At least two types of spectra may be obtained when ox brain microsomes are spin labelled with M 12-NSE, indicating the presence of two distinct binding sites. At one site the spin label is relatively unrestricted and gives rise to an isotropic spectrum. A second spectrum, which is obtained from spin label at another site, is similar to that which is observed after incorporation of M 12-NSE into phospholipid bilayers. This suggests that this latter site is within the core of the microsomal membrane.The two binding sites differ in their affinity for the spin probe. The low affinity site is both more abundant in crude preparations and is more easily removed by detergent treatment; spin labels at this site produce isotropic spectra. The high affinity sites are fewer in number and produce broad spectra. In addition these high affinity sites increase in concentration as the enzyme undergoes purification.The two sites are quite distinct in their sensitivity to ascorbic acid, the low affinity site showing a considerably greater rate of reduction by this agent.This study also demonstrates that the delipidation effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium deoxycholate on $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase-enriched}$ microsomes from ox brain are not identical.It is suggested that the two spin probe binding sites represent two different lipid domains, one of which is very closely associated with the $\text{(}\text{Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{+}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ enzyme and may reflect a protein-directed phospholipid specificity for this enzyme.     

Annular and non-annular binding sites on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase

Quenching of the fluorescence of the $\text{(}\text{Ca}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{+}\text{Mg}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{)-}\text{ATPase}$ purified from muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum can be used to measure relative binding constants of hydrophobic compounds to the phospholipid-protein interface. We show that the binding constant for cholesterol is considerably less than that for phosphatidylcholine, so that cholesterol is effectively excluded from the phospholipid annulus around the ATPase. However, dibromocholestan-3β-ol causes quenching of the fluorescence of the ATPase, and so has access to other, non-annular sites. We suggest that these non-annular sites could be at protein/protein interfaces in ATPase oligomers. Oleic acid can bind at the phospholipid/protein interface, although its binding constant is less than that for a phosphatidylcholine, and it can also bind at the postulated non-annular sites. The effects of these compounds on the activity of the ATPase depend on the structure of the phospholipid present in the systems.     

Comparison of parameters estimated from A/Ci and A/Cc curve analysis

The parameters estimated from traditional A/C _i curve analysis are dependent upon some underlying assumptions that substomatal CO₂ concentration (C _i) equals the chloroplast CO₂ concentration (C _c) and the C _i value at which the A/C _i curve switches between Rubisco- and electron transport-limited portions of the curve (C _i-t) is set to a constant. However, the assumptions reduced the accuracy of parameter estimation significantly without taking the influence of C _i-t value and mesophyll conductance (g _m) on parameters into account. Based on the analysis of Larix gmelinii’s A/C _i curves, it showed the C _i-t value varied significantly, ranging from 24 Pa to 72 Pa and averaging 38 Pa. t-test demonstrated there were significant differences in parameters respectively estimated from A/C _i and A/C _c curve analysis (p<0.01). Compared with the maximum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation rate (V_cmax), the maximum electron transport rate (J_max) and J_max/V_cmax estimated from A/C _c curve analysis which considers the effects of g _m limit and simultaneously fits parameters with the whole A/C _c curve, mean V_cmax estimated from A/C _i curve analysis (V_cmax-C _i) was underestimated by 37.49%; mean Jmax estimated from A/C _i curve analysis (J_max-C _i) was overestimated by 17.8% and (J_max-C _i)/(V_cmax-C _i) was overestimated by 24.2%. However, there was a significant linear relationship between V_cmax estimated from A/C _i curve analysis and V_cmax estimated from A/C _c curve analysis, so was it J_max (p<0.05).     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.