实验性高胆固醇血症家兔血液流变特性的改变与AS形成关系的研究

目的：了解实验性高胆固醇血症家兔血液流变特性的改变与动脉粥样硬化形成的关系。方法：健康家兔８０只,随机分为实验组（ＡＧ）６０只和对照组（ＣＧ）２０只。各组又均分为４个亚组,即ＡＧ１－ＡＧ４和ＣＧ１－ＣＧ４。ＡＧ组每只给予胆固醇粉１ｇ／ｄ,在喂养的第２、４、８和１２周分别观察ＡＧ１－ＣＧ１、ＡＧ２－ＣＧ２、ＡＧ３－ＣＧ３和ＡＧ４－ＣＧ４的主动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）病变及相应血液流变特性的变化。结果：在兔     

生态梯度轴(EGA)用于林木生态遗传的研究——PCA方法估算EGAPC_r

n个群体的p维环境因子主成分分析（PCA）,Z＝U’X,恢复原始数据线性表达成X＝UZ,依据λ值,取前－1r个主成分,1≤r≤p,将P维环境因子降维成1元向量,建立前r个主成分的生态梯度轴（EGA（PCr)],估算误差为d(j)。对白榆全分布区20个群体的样点6维环境因子PCA求算的EGA（PCr),取r=1,2,3,建立3个生态梯度轴,累计贡献率依次为63．8％,84．3％和96．0％,都能较好的代表环境因子,EGA（PCr)在揭示群体7个性状的梯度变异中得到验证,并能用于判别种群变异模式。     

骨巨细胞瘤M-CSF、IL-1和TNF-α免疫组织化学研究

本实验应用免疫组织化学方法,检测巨噬细胞相关抗原、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ）、白细胞介素┐１（ＩＬ┐１）和肿瘤坏死因子┐α（ＴＮＦ┐α）在骨巨细胞瘤（ＧＣＴ）中的表达,结果表明,在ＧＣＴ中,Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ主要由纤维母细胞样基质细胞（ＦＣ）分泌;巨噬细胞样基质细胞（ＨＣ）是单核┐巨噬细胞系早期的未成熟细胞,主要分泌ＩＬ┐１和ＴＮＦ┐α,少数多核巨细胞（ＭＧＣ）也可产生ＴＮＦ┐α。本文提示,ＧＣＴ中的三种主要细胞能分泌Ｍ┐ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ┐１和ＴＮＦ┐α细胞因子,通过自分泌或旁分泌作用相互影响,共同促进ＧＣＴ的发生、发展及其侵袭性的生物学行为     

野生大豆与栽培大豆rDNA ITS1区的研究

采用ＰＣＲ 技术从野生大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｓｏｊａ）、半野生大豆（Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ）、多年生野生大豆（Ｇ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａ、Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ）和栽培大豆（Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ）的两个品种ＵＮＩＯＮ、文丰７ 中扩增和克隆了ｒＤＮＡ第一转录间隔区（ＩＴＳ１）。其在Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ 基因组中的拷贝数约为２×１０３。序列分析表明Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ、Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ、Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ 中的Ｇ／Ｃ含量为６１．４０％ ,而Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ和Ｇ．ｔｏｍ ｅｎｔｅｌｌａ的Ｇ／Ｃ含量分别为５８．１１％ 和５９．０１％ ,与绿豆Ｇ／Ｃ含量（５９．８１％ ）相近。Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ的Ｇ／Ｃ含量是已知的植物中ＩＴＳ１ 最低的。最大同源性分析表明,大豆属植物ＩＴＳ１ 的同源程度很高,同其近缘属绿豆的同源性明显高于其它作物。同时分析了栽培、多年生和一年生野生大豆间的亲缘关系。另外还发现在已知的植物ＩＴＳ１ 序列中均含有ＧＡＣＣＣＧＣＧＡＡ 及ＧＣＧＣＣＡＡＧＧＡＡ 两个区段     

hGM－CSF基因及其调控研究进展

人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因表达受到转录调控与转录后调控。５＇非转录区的一些顺式调控成分,如ＣＡＴＴ（Ａ／Ｔ）重复序列,富含ＧＣ序列,ＣＫ－１、ＣＫ－２、ｋＢ特异序列与可诱导的ＣｓＡ敏感增强子成分等在转录水平上调控ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的表达。３＇非翻译区有一６２ｂｐ富含ＡＵ序列,这与ｍＲＮＡ的稳定性相关,在翻译水平调控ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的表达,细胞因子与一些刺激因子通过不同的机制作用于ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基     

北京东灵山地区农耕干扰和环境梯度对植物多样性的影响

于北京东灵山地区,选取10条样带、94个样方、15个环境因子,采用主成分分析和相关分析研究了东灵山地区人为干扰（如农耕）及其造成的环境条件变化对植物α多样性的影响.（1）调查结果表明：植物群落可归入4类土地利用类型（农田、撂荒地、灌丛和林地）中;（2）主成分分析和相关分析表明：2个主成分（地形和土壤因子）影响着植物群落结构、物种组成和多样性的变化,尤其是海拔梯度与多数环境因子显著相关,起决定性作用;（3）多样性分析表明：Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数都能较好地反映植物群落α多样性的变化,Simpson指数变化不明显.4种土地利用类型中植物群落α多样性的变化依次为：林地〉农田〉撂荒地〉灌丛,且草本层对植物多样性的贡献最大.     

黄瓜AGAMOUS同源基因的分离和表达(英文)

黄瓜花发育的早期均有雌蕊和雄蕊原基的分化,但在发育过程中,由于雌蕊或雄蕊的发育受到阻滞,导致雄花和雌花的形成。近年来在拟南芥和金鱼草等植物中遗传学的研究表明,花器官的特征是由同源异形基因决定的。在拟南芥中,由于ＡＧ在决定雄蕊和雌蕊特征方面起重要作用,本研究利用 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从黄瓜的雌、雄蕊中分离出 ＡＧ的同源基因,并对其在花发育过程中的表达和可能作用进行了分析。首先,根据ＡＧ同源基因的保守区域设计５’简并引物５’－ＧＡ（Ａ／Ｇ）ＡＴ（Ｔ／Ｃ／Ａ）ＡＡ（Ｔ／Ｃ／Ａ）ＡＡ（Ｇ／Ａ）（Ａ／Ｃ）Ｇ（Ｇ／Ｔ／Ｃ）ＡＴＣＧＡ（Ｃ／Ａ）ＡＡＣ－３’,然后进行３’,ＲＡ ＣＥ ＰＣＲ,扩增出约１ｋｂ大小的片段,序列分析表明该片段含有非常保守的ＭＡＤＳ ｂｏｘ。进而,利用５’ ＲＡＣＥ ＰＣＲ得到全长度的ｃＤＮＡ。该ｃＤＮＡ的核苷酸序列与ＣＵＭ１（黄瓜 ＭＡＤＳ ｂｏｘ ｇｅｎｅ１）同源性高达９７％。 ＣＵＭ１在接牵牛中过量表达可引起花萼变为心皮状和花瓣变为雄蕊,说明ＣＵＭ１为ＡＧ的同源基因。基于该基因与ＣＵＭ１序列上的高度同源,我们认为其为黄瓜的ＡＧ同源基因。该基因命名为ＣＭＢ１,基因银行登记号为ＡＦ２８６６４９。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒ     

几种扩血管多肽对bFGF促血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响

目的和方法：研究肾上腺髓质素（Ａｄｍ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）及Ｃ－型心房利太（ＣＮＰ）对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）促血管平滑细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖作用的影响及其机制。结果：孵育２４ｈ后,ｂＦＧＦ刺激ＶＳＭＣ增殖较对照组增加２．１倍（Ｐ〈０．０１）,细胞内蛋白磷酸化程度增加１．４倍（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＰＫＣ及ＭＡＰＫ活性分别增加１．５和２．５倍（Ｐ〈０．０１０;Ａｄｍ．ＣＧＲＰｔ ＣＮＰ     

衰老细胞转录因子AP1／CREB结合活性对EGF的可诱导性下降

转录因子与ＤＮＡ的结合是基因转录的关键环节,通过迁移性法分析季转录因子ＡＰ１、ｃＤＡＭＰ反应元件结合蛋白（ＣＲＥＢ）、糖皮质激素反应元件（ＧＲＥ）结合蛋白在衰老细胞中的结合活性,结果表明,ＡＰ１与ＣＲＥＢ的结合活性在衰老细胞中对表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）的反应性低于年轻细胞;而ＧＲＥ结合蛋白的结合活性在衰老细胞中对ＥＧＦ的反应性无明显变化,这提示ＥＧＦ不能有效刺激衰老细胞增殖可能与其转录因子结合活性的     

汉滩病毒A9株强毒和弱毒克隆M基因片段G1糖蛋白编码区核苷酸序列的分析比较

采用逆转录－ＰＣＲ方法,用３对引物分３个片段扩增强毒克隆（Ａ９ｖ）及弱毒克隆（Ａ３％）的Ｍ基因片段ｃＤＮＡ,并克隆入ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体中。采用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧法测定了Ａ３９ｓ、Ａ９ｖ病毒Ｇ１糖蛋白编码区的全序列,发现二者均由１９７８个核苷酸组成,比７６／１１８株少６个核苷酸,并发现Ａ３９ｓ在Ｇ１编码区有３３个碱基及８个氨基酸与Ａ９ｖ不同。进一步与７６／１１８、ＨＶ１１４的相关序列比较,发现Ｇ１编码区的第６０６、６１４位氨基酸的变异同Ａ３９ｓ病毒的减毒有一定相关。从Ａ３９ｓ、Ａ９ｖ、７６／１１８及ＨＶ１１４４株病毒Ｇ１糖蛋白编码区推导的氨基酸序列亲疏水性资料显示,在位于Ｇ１糖蛋白Ｃ末端的最大亲水区域的６００～６２０位氨基酸区域,弱毒株Ａ３９ｓ同强毒株Ａ９ｖ、７６／１１８、ＨＶ１１４的亲水性有明显不同,而这一差异又主要由第６１４位氨基酸的变异所引起。因此推测,Ｇ１糖蛋白Ｃ端亲水区域同汉滩病毒毒力相关,而第６１４位的精氨酸被谷氨酰胺取代,同Ａ３９ｓ病毒毒力的减弱可能有关。     

荒漠啮齿动物群落与植物群落的对应分析

动物与其生存环境变量之间的关系一直是生态学家们广泛关注的问题.啮齿动物作为荒漠生态系统中重要的功能群,其数量大小和生态功能对生态系统的平衡和稳定具有重要意义.生境中的植被为啮齿动物提供赖以生存的食物资源和栖息地,了解啮齿动物群落与植被特征之间的关系对于理解动物群落变动规律具有重要意义.不同植被条件下啮齿动物群落的结构不同,Hernández等(2005)研究发现北美Chihuahuan荒漠的灌木生境中啮齿动物密度高于草地生境.     

基于物质流分析和数据包络分析的区域生态效率评价——以江苏省为例

区域生态效率(eco-efficiency)评价是考量区域可持发展的重要内容.基于物质流分析(material flow analysis, MFA)构建区域生态效率评价指标体系,并将污染物排放作为一种非期望输入引入到数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis, DEA)模型中,以江苏省(1990～2005年)为例进行生态效率分析评价.结果表明,江苏省的区域生态效率在1990～2005年期间呈现逐步上升的趋势.但是,同期的总物质投入(total material input, TMI)、物质需求总量(total material requirement, TMR)和污染物排放量也呈上升趋势.因此,江苏省社会经济发展和环境影响总体上呈现"弱脱钩(weak de-link)".     

A microtechnique for the analysis of free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid in milligram amounts of plant tissue using a benchtop gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer

A microtechnique was developed for the quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plant samples of one milligram fresh weight or less. The method permitted quantification of both free and conjugated IAA using a benchtop gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. New methods for sample purification with high recovery at microscale levels, together with simple changes that result in enhanced sensitivity of the instrumentation, allowed for a significant reduction in the amount of plant material required for analysis. Single oat (Avena sativa L.) coleoptile tips could be studied with this method and were found to contain free and total IAA levels of 137 and 399 pg · mg⁻¹ fresh weight, respectively. A single 5-d-old Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedling was shown to contain 61 pg · mg⁻¹ fresh weight free IAA and 7850 pg · mg⁻¹ fresh weight of total IAA following basic hydrolysis. This microtechnique provides a way to accurately measure IAA levels in very small structures and individual seedlings, thus making it a valuable research tool for elucidating the role and distribution of auxin in relation to growth and development. Received: 1 May 1994 / Accepted: 25 June 1997     

协惯量分析与典范对应分析在植物群落排序中的应用比较

采用协惯量分析(PCA-CA COIA)和典范对应分析(CCA)两种排序方法, 对北京小龙门林场的黄檗 (Phellodendron amurense)群落进行了分析, 并用Spearman秩相关系数检验了对应排序轴的相关性。两种排序方法得出的结果基本一致, 两者的第一排序轴都反映了海拔高度和坡向对群落分布的影响, 而各自第二、第三排序轴所代表的环境意义有所差异, 并出现了交叉, 但是两者的前3个排序轴均反映了海拔、坡位、土壤厚度和凋落物层厚度的变化趋势, 说明在环境因子个数较少或共线性效应不明显的情况下, 协惯量分析也能达到CCA的分析效果, 并且在排序轴特征值解释量上高于典范对应分析。     

A Guide to Bivariate Ideas of Quantal Response Analysis,as Applied in Biometrics and Econometrics

A review is provided of the several bivariate generalisations of quantal response analysis that have appeared in the biometric and econometric literatures. There are three main types: (i) where a binary outcome is the result of two stimulants, and thus the bivariate distribution of the thresholds for response is relevant; (ii) where three or more alternative outcomes may arise from a single stimulant; and (iii) where the response itself is bivariate (i.e., two types of response may simultaneously be observed).     

Phytochemical Fingerprints of Copaiba Oils (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) Determined by Multivariate Analysis

Oils of various species of Copaifera are commonly found in pharmacies and on popular markets and are widely sold for their medicinal properties. However, the chemical variability between and within species and the lack of standardization of these oils have presented barriers to their wider commercialization. With the aim to recognize patterns for the chemical composition of copaiba oils, 22 oil samples of C. multijuga Hayne species were collected, esterified with CH₂N₂, and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The chromatographic data were processed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In total, 35 components were identified in the oils, and the multivariate analyses (MVA) allowed the samples to be divided into three groups, with the sesquiterpenes β‐caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide as the main components. These sesquiterpenes, which were detected in all the samples analyzed in different concentrations, were the most important constituents in the differentiation of the groups. There was a prevalence of sesquiterpenes in all the oils studied. In conclusion, GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses combined with MVA can be used to determine the chemical composition and to recognize chemical patterns of copaiba oils.     

Leaf n‐Alkanes as Characters Differentiating Coastal and Continental Juniperus deltoides Populations from the Balkan Peninsula

The composition of the cuticular n‐alkanes isolated from the leaves of nine populations of Juniperus deltoides R.P.Adams from continental and coastal areas of the Balkan Peninsula was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. In the leaf waxes, 14 n‐alkane homologues with chain‐lengths ranging from C₂₂ to C₃₅ were identified. n‐Tritriacontane (C₃₃) was dominant in the waxes of all populations, but variations between the populations in the contents of all n‐alkanes were observed. Several statistical methods (ANOVA, principal component, discriminant, and cluster analyses) were used to investigate the diversity and variability of the cuticular‐leaf‐n‐alkane patterns of the nine J. deltoides populations. This is the first report on the n‐alkane composition for this species. The multivariate statistical analyses evidenced a high correlation of the leaf‐n‐alkane pattern with the geographical distribution of the investigated samples, differentiating the coastal from the continental populations of this taxon.     

Full Mode and Attribution Mode in Environmental Analysis

Several tools exist for the analysis of the environmental impacts of chains or networks of processes. These relatively simple tools include materials flow accounting (MFA), substance flow analysis (SFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), energy analysis, and environmentally extended input-output analysis (IOA), all based on fixed input-output relations. They are characterized by the nature of their flow objects, such as products, materials, energy, substances, or money flows, and by their spatial and temporal characteristics. These characteristics are insufficient for their methodological characterization, and sometimes lead to inappropriate use. More clarity is desirable, both for clearer guidance of applications and for a more consistent methodology development. In addition to the nature of the flow object and to spatial and temporal characteristics, another key feature concerns the way in which processes are included in a system to be analyzed.
The inclusion of processes can be done in two fundamentally different ways: according to a full mode of analysis, with the inclusion of all flows and related processes to their full extent as present in a region in a specific period of time; and according to an attribution mode, taking processes into account insofar as these are required for a given social demand, function, or activity, in principle whenever and wherever these processes take place. This distinction, which cuts across families of tools that traditionally belong together, appears to have significant methodological and practical implications. Thus the distinction between the two modes of analysis, however crucial it may be, strengthens the idea of one coherent family of tools for environmental systems analysis.     

Molecular docking, 3D-QSAR,molecular dynamics,synthesis and anticancer activity of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK 2) inhibitors

Abstract

A therapeutic rationale is proposed by selectively targeting tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK 2) to obtain potent TYK 2 inhibitors by molecular modeling studies. In the present study, we have taken tyrosine kinase (TYK 2) inhibitors and carried out molecular docking, 3?D quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD). Based on the 3D-QSAR results thirteen new compounds (R-1 to R-13) were designed and synthesized in good yields. The synthesized molecules were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against LnCap and A549 cell lines. The molecules R-1, R-3, R-5, R-7, and R-10 exhibited considerable anti cancer activity.