厚藤脱水素基因IpDHN启动子IpDHN-Pro的克隆和调控转录活性分析

为了解厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)脱水素基因IpDHN (GenBank登录号:KX426069)启动子的转录活性和对非生物胁迫和植物激素ABA的响应,通过染色体步移法克隆了IpDHN的上游启动子序列IpDHN-Pro,长度为974 bp。构建IpDHN-Pro调控下GUS转基因载体,转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)植株获得IpDHN-Pro::GUS转基因植株并进行GUS染色,验证IpDHN-Pro启动转录活性以及在氯化钠、甘露醇、ABA处理后拟南芥GUS基因表达变化。结果表明,扩增获得的IpDHN-Pro序列包含多个顺式作用元件,包括1个ABRE、3个Myb转录因子结合位点、富含TC的重复序列以及Skn-1基序等。转基因拟南芥GUS染色及qRT-PCR表明该序列可驱动GUS基因在拟南芥稳定表达,且表达受高盐、渗透压及ABA的诱导。这表明IpDHN-Pro是一个盐旱、ABA诱导的启动子序列,可应用于相关的植物抗逆遗传工程研究。     

拟南芥AtNCED2基因启动子区域序列克隆及其活性分析

目的:克隆拟南芥AtNCED2基因启动子区域序列,并分析其组织器官特异性及对外界刺激的响应.方法:通过PCR从拟南芥基因组中克隆AtNCED2基因5'侧翼2295bp启动子区域序列(AtNCED2p),并进行生物信息学分析.构建AtNCED2p驱动GUS的植物双元表达载体pAtNCED2p::GUS,通过根癌农杆菌介导法将其转化野生型拟南芥,检测转基因植侏中GUS表达的组织器官特异性.结果:该启动子序列中存在TATA-box、CAAT-box、根器官特异性元件、ABA响应元件、低温响应元件、昼夜节律响应元件等顺式作用元件.GUS活性主要集中在转基因拟南芥根尖及侧根发生部位.外源ABA处理的转基因植株根中GUS活性为174.8nmol 4-MU min-1 mg-1蛋白,明显高于对照值91.7nmol 4-MU min-1mg-1蛋白.结论:AtNCED2基因可能在根的生长和发育中起作用,且外源ABA处理增强其在根中的表达.     

水稻胁迫相关基因OsPM1启动子的克隆与分析

依据NCBI数据库OsPM1的序列信息,采用PCR技术扩增获取OsPM1的2 100bp的启动子序列。利用PLACE预测启动子的顺式作用元件分析表明,启动子内含有大量与胁迫相关的顺式作用元件,主要有ABA响应相关元件、脱水响应元件、低温响应元件、热激响应元件和转录因子结合元件。构建OsPM1的启动子和GUS基因融合表达载体,转入拟南芥。组织化学染色分析结果显示,非生物胁迫处理前,幼苗中GUS基因表达水平很低;干旱、低温、高盐等胁迫处理后,GUS基因表达量显著升高。研究表明,OsPM1的启动子能够显著提高在干旱、高盐和低温处理后下游基因的表达水平。     

胡杨PeNAC121基因启动子的分离鉴定和胁迫应答模式分析

为了探究NAC转录因子家族成员在胡杨（Populus euphratica）逆境胁迫中的响应和调控机制,利用PCR技术从胡杨中克隆了PeNAC121基因的启动子序列,并采用生物信息学工具对该启动子的结构特征进行了分析,最后利用该启动子驱动GUS报告基因在三倍体毛白杨（Populus tomentosa）中表达,并对获得的转基因植株采用不同胁迫处理后进行了GUS染色和酶活性定量分析。结果表明,克隆获得的PeNAC121基因的启动子长度为1 997 bp（起始密码子ATG上游）,启动序列中除了含有大量的光响应元件,还含有多个与非生物逆境胁迫和激素响应相关的元件,如低温响应元件LTR、干旱响应元件MBS、防卫和胁迫响应元件TC-rich repeats、脱落酸（ABA）响应元件、以及赤霉素（GA）响应元件等。基因的组织表达模式检测结果显示,PeNAC121基因主要在茎中表达,在根和叶中的表达较少。GUS组织化学染色和酶活性检测结果表明,胡杨PeNAC121启动子显著受到NaCl、甘露醇、ABA和4 ℃低温的诱导表达。由上述结果推测PeNAC121基因与胡杨的逆境胁迫应答密切相关,表明该基因的启动子是一个能够应答多种逆境胁迫的诱导型启动子。本研究为阐明PeNAC121基因在胡杨逆境响应和调控中的作用机制提供理论参考。     

拟南芥干旱诱导型启动子RD29A驱动花生AhNCED1基因双元表达载体的构建

从拟南芥基因组中克隆RD29A基因5'-侧翼520bp启动子区域序列,生物信息学分析表明,该启动子片段中存在脱水胁迫响应元件(DRE)、ABA响应元件(ABRE)、TATA-box、CAAT-box等顺式作用元件。构建了干旱诱导型启动子AtRD29Ap驱动花生AhNCED1基因的植物双元表达载体pAtRD29Ap::AhNCED1。     

海州香薷(Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun)细胞壁转化酶基因启动子(EhcwINVP)的克隆及活性分析

以海州香薷基因组DNA为模板,通过hiTAIL-PCR和walking技术扩增得到其细胞壁转化酶基因启动子(Ehcw INVP)片段,长度为1727 bp。生物信息学分析结果表明,该启动子片段中含有多个对脱落酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素等激素以及对干旱、低温、重金属铜等逆境胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件。将通过克隆得到的Ehcw INVP序列替换p CAMBIA1301载体上驱动GUS报告基因表达的Ca MV35S启动子序列,构建Ehcw INVP融合GUS的植物表达载体Ehcw INVP::GUS。转基因拟南芥植株的组织化学分析结果表明,海州香薷细胞壁转化酶基因启动子序列具有驱动GUS基因表达的功能,且在10μmol/L铜胁迫下,转基因拟南芥植株叶和根中的GUS活性分别约是对照组的1.7倍和1.5倍。     

盐穗木盐相关转录因子HcSCL13基因启动子的克隆及活性初步分析

为探明盐穗木盐相关转录因子基因Hc SCL13的表达调控规律,利用基因组步移法成功克隆获得该基因2 200 bp的启动子序列。Plant CARE数据库分析结果表明,该启动子不仅含有启动子区的核心元件CAAT-box和TATA-box,还包含多个与逆境应答有关的顺式调控元件。将克隆获得的Hc SCL13转录因子基因启动子序列定向替换p BI121载体上的35S启动子,构建融合表达载体并转染模式植物拟南芥,对转基因拟南芥进行GUS组织化学染色。结果显示转基因拟南芥整株被染色,提示该启动子具有表达活性且可能为组成型启动子。     

玉米钼辅助因子硫酸化酶基因启动子的克隆与功能验证

为克服组成型启动子启动外源基因过量表达引起的诸多问题,同源克隆(Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase)基因（ABA3）的启动子(ABA3s)序列,并用PlantCARE软件分析其非生物逆境应答元件, 实时定量PCR检测ABA3基因在非生物逆境诱导下的差异表达后。然后,用该启动子构建启动GUS（β-glucuronidase）基因的表达载体, 基因枪法转化玉米愈伤组织。经组织化学染色法检测其表达后, 在高渗、高盐、低温胁迫处理及ABA诱导下检测GUS酶荧光值与荧光素酶(内参)发光值的比值(GUS/LUC), 以此评价ABA3s启动子在非生物逆境胁迫下的启动活性。结果表明, ABA3基因在模拟干旱、低温、高温、高盐胁迫及ABA、乙稀诱导下差异表达, 说明该基因的启动子(ABA3s)具有非生物逆境诱导活性。序列分析表明, ABA3s启动子全长777 bp, 含有ARE、HSE、MBS、TGA、Circadian等多种非生物逆境胁迫应答元件。用ABA3s启动GUS基因构建的表达载体转化的玉米愈伤组织, 响应干旱、低温、高温、高盐胁迫等多种非生物逆境胁迫, 及ABA和乙稀诱导, GUS检测呈阳性。在8%甘露醇高渗条件下, GUS/LUC比值比空白对照高6倍。上述结果表明, ABA3s启动子具有非生物逆境诱导特性, 经进一步验证其功能后, 可用于玉米抗逆转基因研究。     

非生物逆境胁迫下ZmCIPK10基因表达分析

干旱、高盐、低温、高温等非生物逆境严重影响植物的生长发育,研究参与逆境胁迫应答基因具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。从玉米中克隆了一个CIPK蛋白激酶基因,暂时命名为ZmCIPK10。该基因全长2 730 bp,转录长度2 100 bp,编码438个氨基酸。顺式元件分析发现在基因启动子区域存在ABRE、HSE、TC-rich repeats等推测的逆境顺势元件。荧光实时定量PCR结果表明ZmCIPK10在干旱、低温、盐胁迫下表达量上调,在ABA、高温胁迫下表达量下调。研究结果初步证实ZmCIPK10基因响应非生物逆境胁迫,为ZmCIPK10参与植物逆境信号途径及其功能研究提供理论依据。     

玉米胚胎发生后期丰富蛋白基因的启动子克隆与功能验证

该研究在生物信息学分析的基础上,克隆玉米胚胎发生后期丰富蛋白基因(MGL3)的启动子序列(pMGL3),进行非生物逆境应答元件分析以及实时定量PCR验证其非生物逆境胁迫响应特性,构建了pMGL3启动子驱动报告基因(GUS)表达载体,基因枪法转化玉米愈伤组织,通过GUS染色验证pMGL3启动子在非生物逆境胁迫下的驱动活性。再根据启动子序列分析结果,去除不同的顺式作用元件,构建不同长度pMGL3启动子驱动报告基因GUS表达载体,农杆菌介导法转化烟草叶盘,以确定pMGL3启动子的最短活性序列。结果显示:pMGL3启动子长1 554bp,存在多种与非生物逆境胁迫应答相关的调控元件,在干旱、高盐、低温胁迫及脱落酸、乙烯诱导下驱动MGL3基因增量表达,用以驱动GUS基因转化玉米愈伤组织,在高渗、高盐、低温胁迫及脱落酸诱导下具有驱动活性,且截短至325bp仍可保持驱动活性。研究表明,pMGL3启动子的确有非生物逆境诱导启动活性,进一步验证其作用机理后可运用于玉米抗逆转基因研究。     

Oxidative stress protective function of ApY2SK2 dehydrin: a late embryogenesis abundant protein in embryogenic callus of Agapanthus praecox to promote post-cryopreservation survival

Dehydrins (DHNs) as the member of the late embryogenesis abundant protein family, play critical roles in seed dehydration protection and plant adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses. As an important method of germplasm preservation, cryopreservation is also an ideal research system to study compound stress. Oxidative stress, as the critical stress in cryopreservation, directly affects cell viability. Our previous in vitro tests indicated that ApY₂SK₂ DHN can effectively protect enzyme activity and almost double the survival rate of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after cryopreservation, but the in vivo protective effect of ApY₂SK₂ on cryopreservation have not yet been elucidated. In this study, ApY₂SK₂ type DHN was genetically transformed into embryogenic callus (EC) of Agapanthus praecox by overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) techniques to evaluate the in vivo oxidative stress protective effect of DHNs during cryopreservation. The results showed that the cell viability had a completely opposite trend between OE and RNAi cell lines, and the cell relative death ratio of ApY₂SK₂-OE EC was significantly decreased 18.5% and ApY₂SK₂-RNAi cells was significantly increased 23.5% after cryopreservation. Overexpression ApY₂SK₂ increased non-enzymatic antioxidant (AsA and GSH) contents, antioxidant enzyme (POD and SOD) activities and up-regulated CAT, POD and GPX expression, while ApY₂SK₂-RNAi cells decreased CAT, FeSOD, POD and GPX expression during cryopreservation. These findings suggested that ApY₂SK₂ can affect ROS metabolism, alleviate H₂O₂ and OH·excessive generation, activate the antioxidant system, improve cellular REDOX balance and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation damage of plant cells during cryopreservation. DHNs can effectively improve cell stress tolerance and have great potential for in vivo or in vitro applications in plant cryopreservation.

     

The cis-regulatory element CCACGTGG is involved in ABA and water-stress responses of the maize gene rab28

The maize gene rab28 has been identified as ABA-inducible in embryos and vegetative tissues. It is also induced by water stress in young leaves. The proximal promoter region contains the conserved cis-acting element CCACGTGG (ABRE) reported for ABA induction in other plant genes. Transient expression assays in rice protoplasts indicate that a 134 bp fragment (-194 to -60 containing the ABRE) fused to a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (35S) is sufficient to confer ABA-responsiveness upon the GUS reporter gene. Gel retardation experiments indicate that nuclear proteins from tissues in which the rab28 gene is expressed can interact specifically with this 134 bp DNA fragment. Nuclear protein extracts from embryo and water-stressed leaves generate specific complexes of different electrophoretic mobility which are stable in the presence of detergent and high salt. However, by DMS footprinting the same guanine-specific contacts with the ABRE in both the embryo and leaf binding activities were detected. These results indicate that the rab28 promoter sequence CCACGTGG is a functional ABA-responsive element, and suggest that distinct regulatory factors with apparent similar affinity for the ABRE sequence may be involved in the hormone action during embryo development and in vegetative tissues subjected to osmotic stress.     

Functional analyses of the maize CKS2 gene promoter in response to abiotic stresses and hormones

In our previous research, we showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit (CKS2) in maize (Zea mays L.) was induced by water deficit and cold stress. To elucidate its expression patterns under adversity, we isolated and characterized its promoter (PZmCKS2). A series of PZmCKS2-deletion derivatives, P0–P3, from the translation start code (?1,455, ?999, ?367, and ?3 bp) was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and each deletion construct was analyzed by Agrobacterium-mediated steady transformation into Arabidopsis. Leaves were then subjected to dehydration, cold, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). Sequence analysis showed that several stress-related cis-acting elements (MBS, CE3, TGA element, and ABRE) were located within the promoter. Deletion analysis of the promoter, PZmCKS2, suggested that the ?999 bp promoter region was required for the highest basal expression of GUS, and the ?367 bp sequence was the minimal promoter for ZmCKS2 activation by low temperature, ABA, and MeJA. The cis-acting element ABRE was necessary for promoter activation by exogenous ABA.     

Interaction between two cis-acting elements,ABRE and DRE,in ABA-dependent expression of Arabidopsis rd29A gene in response to dehydration and high-salinity stresses

Many abiotic stress-inducible genes contain two cis-acting elements, namely a dehydration-responsive element (DRE; TACCGACAT) and an ABA-responsive element (ABRE; ACGTGG/TC), in their promoter regions. We precisely analyzed the 120 bp promoter region (-174 to -55) of the Arabidopsis rd29A gene whose expression is induced by dehydration, high-salinity, low-temperature, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments and whose 120 bp promoter region contains the DRE, DRE/CRT-core motif (A/GCCGAC), and ABRE sequences. Deletion and base substitution analyses of this region showed that the DRE-core motif functions as DRE and that the DRE/DRE-core motif could be a coupling element of ABRE. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that DRE-binding proteins (DREB1s/CBFs and DREB2s) bind to both DRE and the DRE-core motif and that ABRE-binding proteins (AREBs/ABFs) bind to ABRE in the 120 bp promoter region. In addition, transactivation experiments using Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts showed that DREBs and AREBs cumulatively transactivate the expression of a GUS reporter gene fused to the 120 bp promoter region of rd29A. These results indicate that DRE and ABRE are interdependent in the ABA-responsive expression of the rd29A gene in response to ABA in Arabidopsis.     

毛竹PeSCL3基因表达特征及其启动子活性研究

为探讨毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)SCL3基因的表达特征及其启动子活性,采用同源克隆的方法从毛竹中分离到SCL3同源基因Pe SCL3的编码区(ORF)和上游启动子序列(Pe SCL3p)。序列分析表明,Pe SCL3的ORF为1335 bp,推测编码含444氨基酸的蛋白,该蛋白与水稻(Oryza sativa)的SCL3同源性高达93.9%。Pe SCL3p长度为1358 bp,含有脱落酸(ABA)应答元件ABRE、赤霉素(GA3)应答元件GARE-motif和P-box、干旱诱导MYB结合位点等多种作用元件。实时定量PCR分析结果表明,Pe SCL3在毛竹叶中的表达丰度最高,其次是茎和根,而鞘中的最低;Pe SCL3的表达受GA3的抑制,受ABA、Na Cl和干旱的诱导。转Pe SCL3p∷GUS拟南芥(Arabidposis thaliana)的GUS染色结果表明,根尖、顶端生长点和子叶叶柄均被染成蓝色,尤其根尖的染色最深。这表明Pe SCL3对毛竹的生长发育,尤其是根系,可能起着重要的调控作用。     

Analysis of an osmotically regulated pathogenesis-related osmotin gene promoter

Osmotin is a small (24 kDa), basic, pathogenesis-related protein, that accumulates during adaptation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells to osmotic stress. There are more than 10 inducers that activate the osmotin gene in various plant tissues. The osmotin promoter contains several sequences bearing a high degree of similarity to ABRE, as-1 and E-8 cis element sequences. Gel retardation studies indicated the presence of at least two regions in the osmotin promoter that show specific interactions with nuclear factors isolated from cultured cells or leaves. The abundance of these binding factors increased in response to salt, ABA and ethylene. Nuclear factors protected a 35 bp sequence of the promoter from DNase I digestion. Different 5 deletions of the osmotin promoter cloned into a promoter-less GUS-NOS plasmid (pBI 201) were used in transient expression studies with a Biolistic gun. The transient expression studies revealed the presence of three distinct regions in the osmotin promoter. The promoter sequence from –108 to –248 bp is absolutely required for reporter gene activity, followed by a long stretch (up to –1052) of enhancer-like sequence and then a sequence upstream of –1052, which appears to contain negative elements. The responses to ABA, ethylene, salt, desiccation and wounding appear to be associated with the –248 bp sequence of the promoter. This region also contains a putative ABRE (CACTGTG) core element. Activation of the osmotin gene by various inducers is discussed in view of antifungal activity of the osmotin protein.