UV-B辐射对南亚热带森林木本植物幼苗生长的影响

研究了UV -B辐射对广东省南亚热带森林木本植物九节、鸭脚木、猴耳环、半枫荷、山乌桕和绿化树种大叶合欢幼苗生长的影响。实验结果表明 ,UV -B辐射降低叶片光合色素的含量 ;显著降低幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度 ;降低干物质的增长 ;抑制大叶合欢幼苗根瘤的形成     

热带落叶树降香黄檀次生韧皮部薄壁组织细胞超微结构的季节变化

研究了ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射对广东省南亚热带森林木本植物九节、鸭脚木、猴耳环、半枫荷、山乌桕入绿化树种大叶合欢幼苗生长的影响。实验结果表明,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射降低叶片光合色素的含量;显著降低幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度;降低干物质的增长;抑制大叶合欢幼苗要根瘤的形成。     

Cd2+胁迫对石龙尾超微结构的影响

以在不同浓度梯度Cd2+溶液中培养48h的石龙尾为实验材料,用透射电镜观察叶细胞超微结构的损伤,结果表明:Cd2+浓度越高,超微结构的损伤越严重。表现为核糖体数目减少;高尔基体膨胀或消失;线粒体出芽或破裂;质膜收缩产生质壁分离,胞间连丝断裂;叶绿体膨胀,类囊体解体,进而影响了细胞的整体功能,造成细胞损伤乃至死亡。     

UV-B辐射对植物花粉萌发率和花粉管生长的累积效应

研究了19种植物花粉在不同UV－B辐射强度和辐照时间下其萌发率和花粉管伸长的变化,结果表明,UV－B辐射增加显著抑制大多数植物花粉的萌发率和花粉管生长;与对照相比,较高强度的UV－B对花粉的抑制作用大于较低强度;几个种的花粉萌发率及花粉管生长对UV－B增强不敏感,甚至被UV－B辐射所促进;辐射时间越长,对花粉抑制作用愈大,说明具有辐射累积效应,由此可知,植物花粉的萌发过程对UV－B的敏感性变化在自然条件下将会产生严重的生态学后果。     

Pb、Cd污染胁迫对大羽藓超微结构的影响

大羽藓在Ph、Cd溶液中培养7d后,观察其超微结构的变化发现：Pb、Cd胁迫使得细胞的超微结构遭到破坏,如叶绿体的外膜破裂,不连续,甚至完全消失;类囊体片层膨胀,或高浓度培养中叶绿体完全解体;线粒体外膜断裂或消失;细胞核被膜破坏,染色质凝聚,核质解体。仅在Cd100mg／L的培养中观察到内质网断裂呈片段状。同时在Pb的培养中发现了大量的黑色颗粒,而在Cd的培养中却未发现。     

水稻不同抗冷品种幼苗叶细胞膜系统的电镜观察(简报)

水稻不同抗冷品种幼苗期叶片中部细胞的5＇－核苷酸酶定位在质膜、胞间连丝和波泡膜上。低温伤害后,强抗冷水稻品种的酶活性增强,而弱抗冷品种的则减弱;前者的叶绿体超微结构破坏程度较后者小。     

水稻不同抗冷品种幼苗叶细胞膜系统的电镜观察

水稻不同抗冷品种幼苗期叶片中部细胞的５‘－核苷酸酶定位在质膜、胞间连丝和液泡膜上。低温伤害后,强抗冷水稻品种的酶活性增强,而弱抗冷品种的则减弱;前者的叶绿体超微结构破坏程度较后者小。     

施氮对三个南方珍稀树种幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响

为了探讨珍稀树种对短期氮素添加的响应,该文研究了氮素添加(0、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6g·kg~(-1)土)对观光木、棱角山矾和半枫荷幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响。结果表明:3个树种幼苗对外源氮素添加的反应不同,施氮显著促进观光木幼苗株高、基径、冠幅以及全株生物量和各部分生物量的增加,中低氮促进半枫荷幼苗的生长,但高氮抑制其生长;少量施氮对棱角山矾幼苗的形态和生物量参数没有产生显著影响,中量施氮抑制其生长。氮素营养的改变显著影响3种植物幼苗的生物量分配,观光木幼苗的根生物量比和根冠比均随施氮量的增加而显著降低;除高氮处理外,半枫荷幼苗的根生物量比和根冠比均随供氮量的增加而显著升高;棱角山矾的根生物量比和根冠比均随供氮量的增加而显著升高,可能与施氮抑制其茎叶的生长有关。总的来看,观光木幼苗更能耐受高氮条件,半枫荷幼苗次之,而棱角山矾幼苗不耐高氮;但到当年生长季末,各氮处理半枫荷幼苗的株高、基径和总相对生长速率均显著大于其它两种植物。     

重金属镉（Cd）和增强UV—B辐射复合对大豆生长和生理代谢的影响

研究了大豆的生长、生物量、抗氧化酶活性和吲哚乙酸（IAA）氧化酶活性在Cd^2 、UV－B辐射和二者复合胁迫（Cd UV-B)下的变化。结果表明,Cd^2 和UV－B辐射都抑制大豆生长,并显著抑制根的伸长,二者复合后加强了对根伸长的抑制。UV－B辐射显著增强了POD、SOD活性,Cd^2 对POD活性影响不明显,但却拮抗UV－B对POD活性的诱导,SOD活性在各种胁迫下显著增强。虽然Cd%2 对叶片类黄酮含量影响不明显,但对UV－B诱导的类黄酮合成有一定影响。IAA氧化酶活性在复合作用下下降,可能是复合胁迫影响大豆生长的重要因素之一。     

六价铬污染对水车前叶片生理生化及细胞超微结构的影响

以培养在铬 ( VI)浓度梯度的污水中 6 d的水车前为实验材料 ,分析了叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶系统的变化 ,并用透射电镜观察了叶细胞超微结构的损伤。实验结果表明 :( 1 )叶绿素含量在 0 .1 mg/L浓度达到最高 ,而后下降。而可溶性蛋白则一直成下降趋势 ;( 2 ) SOD(超氧化物歧化酶 )、POD(过氧化物酶 )、CAT(过氧化氢酶 )活性影响明显 :三者分别在 0 .1 mg/L、1 0 mg/L、和 1 mg/L处理浓度有抗性峰出现 ,随处理浓度的继续增大则下降 ;( 3)对超微结构造成不可逆损伤 ,特别是对叶绿体、线粒体和细胞核 :叶绿体膨胀 ,被膜破裂和消失 ,叶绿体解体 ;线粒体脊突膨胀和空泡化 ;细胞核变形 ,染色质凝集和核质解体 ,核膜破裂。并根据实验结果初步讨论了重金属对植物的毒害机制     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.