烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3h毒株3h-161的克隆和表达谱分析

【目的】本文旨在明确烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3h毒株（HvAV-3h）编码的第161号开放阅读框（3h-161）的序列特征及表达谱,为深入研究其功能奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR技术克隆3h-161的CDs序列,构建原核表达载体,并制备高效的多克隆抗体;利用RT-PCR技术检测3h-161的转录情况,利用蛋白免疫印迹法检测3H-161的表达情况。【结果】3h-161编码区长516 bp,共编码172个氨基酸残基,感染甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua3龄幼虫后12h开始转录、48h开始表达;3H-161在囊泡病毒属内的不同毒株（HvAV-3j、HvAV-3i、HvAV-3e、HvAV-3f和HvAV-3g）间高度保守,序列一致性为100%。【结论】本研究阐明了3h-161的序列特征、获得了3H-161的多克隆抗体,明确了其表达谱,为进一步研究该基因在HvAV-3h感染甜菜夜蛾过程中发挥的作用奠定基础。     

烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3h株3h-38基因原核表达及转录、表达时相分析

烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3h株(Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h,HvAV-3h)作为一种极具生防潜力的环状双链DNA昆虫病毒,自被分离后,对其基因的特性和相关蛋白功能研究从未间断.本研究通过生物信息学预测3H-38蛋白序列发现其131～150氨基酸位置有一段由胞外向胞内的跨膜区序列,N端23 ～ 121氨基酸位置有一个BRO家族结构域,和其同源蛋白的序列对比发现3H-38与烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3i株(Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3i,HvAV-3i)和烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3j株(Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3j,HvAV-3j)编码的同源蛋白3I40和3J-43相似性高达85％以上.进一步通过RT-PCR克隆、构建pET-28a-38原核表达载体、IPTG诱导表达、Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化蛋白等方法获得了His-tag融合的3H-38重组蛋白,并制备了该蛋白的兔多克隆抗体.通过检测3h-38基因在HvAV-3h感染的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)幼虫中的转录和表达时相,本研究发现3h-38从感染后3h开始转录,从感染后36 h开始表达,即3h-38是一个早期转录、晚期表达的基因.3h-38基因的生物学信息分析和转录表达时相检测为进一步研究该蛋白的功能和特性奠定了基础.     

囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒及其与寄生蜂之间的关系

囊泡病毒(ascoviruses)和类囊泡病毒(ascovirus-like viruses)通过寄生蜂parasitoid wasp的产卵行为而散布于鳞翅目Lepidoptera幼虫体内,它与寄生蜂的关系多种多样.大部分的囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒都是致病性的,由雌蜂携带传播.一些囊泡病毒和类囊泡病毒则是互利共生生物,其基因稳定地存在于寄生蜂的细胞核中,世代间垂直传播,通过抑制鳞翅目幼虫的防御机制来促进幼蜂的成功发育.囊泡病毒DpAV4则根据所处的寄生体系可以是致病性病毒、互利型或共生非致病性病毒.各种生物学特性显示囊泡病毒与寄生蜂之间的关系取决于寄生蜂控制病毒复制的调节因子,囊泡病毒与寄生蜂的关系类型依赖于它们之间关系得以进化的种类系统.     

不同脊髓灰质炎病毒株3CD蛋白酶在昆虫细胞中的表达及其对P1前体蛋白的剪切

目的获得在昆虫细胞中有效表达脊髓灰质炎病毒P1基因和3CD基因的重组杆状病毒,为制备脊髓灰质炎病毒样颗粒疫苗提供了科学依据。方法将I型脊髓灰质炎病毒(Mahoney株)的P1基因和3CD基因构建到供体质粒中,通过flash BAC ULTRATM系统制备重组杆状病毒;将Mahoney株的P1基因与Sabin株Ⅲ型的3CD基因组合,用同样方法构建重组杆状病毒。通过接种昆虫细胞草地贪夜蛾细胞(sf-9细胞)对两种病毒进行扩增,再接种昆虫细胞粉纹夜蛾细胞(High five细胞)扩大培养,并通过定量PCR对P1和3CD基因的表达进行验证,利用Western blot检测P1蛋白的表达及被3CD蛋白酶剪切的情况。结果获得了两株稳定表达脊髓灰质炎病毒P1和3CD基因的重组杆状病毒。其中,重组杆状病毒(Bac U-Mahoney-P1-3CD)在感染细胞后,3CD蛋白酶表达量较低,不能有效剪切P1前体蛋白;而重组杆状病毒(Bac U-Mahoney-P1-Sabin PV3 3CD)感染细胞后,3CD蛋白酶的表达量和对P1前体蛋白的剪切效力都有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论将Mahoney株P1基因和Sabin株Ⅲ型的3CD基因的组合构建重组杆状病毒,可有效地在昆虫细胞中表达P1和3CD基因,并且Sabin株Ⅲ型的3CD蛋白酶可有效地剪切Mahoney株的P1前体蛋白。     

细胞自噬促进柯萨奇病毒B3复制的研究

本研究探索柯萨奇病毒B3(Coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)感染引起的自噬与病毒复制之间的关系。CVB3感染HeLa细胞,并在病毒感染后6 h、8 h和10 h时检测LC3-Ⅰ蛋白、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白和p62蛋白的表达水平。结果显示CVB3病毒感染促使LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高,同时降低p62蛋白的表达。分别将自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素(Rapamy-cin)、自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine,3MA)或溶酶体抑制剂阿洛司他丁(Aloxistatin,E46D)预处理HeLa细胞2 h,CVB3感染药物处理细胞并在病毒感染6 h后收集细胞、检测CVB3病毒VP1蛋白的表达。结果显示雷帕霉素和E64D促使CVB3病毒VP1蛋白表达增加,而3MA降低CVB3病毒VP1蛋白的表达。本研究得出结论 CVB3病毒感染诱导自噬进而促进病毒复制。     

猪瘟病毒囊膜糖蛋白E0的RNA酶活性及其研究进展

猪瘟病毒（CSFV,Classicalswinefevervirus）属于黄病毒科瘟病毒属,同属的成员还有牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和羊的边界病病毒（BDV）。猪瘟病毒是一种有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组大小约12．3kb,含有一个大的ORF,此ORF编码一个大的多聚蛋白,经宿主和病毒编码蛋白酶的共同作用,在共同翻译中和／或翻译后,将此多聚蛋白加工成病毒的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白．猪瘟病毒基因组的5＇端编码病毒结构蛋白,即衣壳蛋白（C）和三个囊膜糖蛋白（E0、E1、E2）。其中E0和E2能够刺激机体产生中和抗体,并使猪获得免疫力[1,2]．意外发…     

衣原体噬菌体衣壳蛋白3的结构、免疫原性及临床价值研究

分析衣原体微病毒Vp3蛋白在分子重组、分子进化及病毒野生株筛查的作用并挖掘生物信息,揭示其临床研究价值。以ProteinBlast的Multriple alignment程序比对各株衣原体微病毒衣壳蛋白Vp3序列;以Distance tree(ProteinBlast)程序完成种系发生树。以比对获得的高保守区的氨基酸序列为目标,应用Karplus-schulz法进行柔性区域分析;通过Gamier-robson法和Chou-fasman法分析该序列的二级结构;使用Emini法完成表位的表面可及性分析,并用Kyte-Doolittle法和Hopp-woods法完成蛋白亲水性研究;应用Jameson-Wolf法完成表位的抗原指数分析。6株衣原体微病毒Vp3蛋白序列高度保守,差异主要在Chp1与其他5株微病毒的Vp3蛋白之间。各株微病毒的Vp3蛋白均有以α螺旋为主的结构,蛋白序列高保守区存在多个细胞表位。Vp3蛋白结构性质保守,也是衣原体噬菌体衣壳的重要组分。其蛋白分子结构复杂,高保守区有较强的免疫原性,在分子重组、沙眼衣原体微病毒野生株筛查研究中有实际研究价值。     

置换HN基因对新城疫病毒LaSota株致病力的影响

[目的]新城疫病毒的血凝素.神经氨酸酶(HN)和融合蛋白(F)在病毒装配、出芽、释放及侵入宿主细胞的过程中发挥关键作用,但HN对病毒致病力的影响程度尚不完全清楚.[方法]为探讨这一问题,本研究以中等毒力毒株Mukteswar的HN基因替换我国广泛应用的LaSota疫苗株HN基因,通过反向遗传操作技术拯救出嵌合病毒(rL-MuHN).[结果]rL-MuHN红细胞吸附能力较亲本株rLaSota无显著升高,具有相似的细胞融合活性;嵌合病毒ICPI由rLaSota株的0.36降为0,MDT≥90,IVPI=0与rLaSota株相同,保持典型低致病力缓发型特点不变.进一步以Mukteswar株F基因替换rL-MuHN的F基因,拯救出F和HN双基因替换嵌合病毒rL-MuFHN,尽管该病毒的细胞融合能力显著提高,但其MDT、ICPI和IVPI分别为98 h,0.59和0,显示F和HN双基因替换仍未能使嵌合新城疫病毒rL-MuFHN的致病力达到中等毒力毒株Mukteswar(MDT、ICPI及IVPI分别为46 h、1.32和0.64)的水平.[结论]试验结果表明,F及HN囊膜蛋白基因之外的病毒基因组骨架背景对病毒的致病性同样具有重要的决定性意义,不同HN蛋白对嵌合病毒的致病能力的影响不同,与供体毒株毒力无关;以流行野毒株HN替代rLaSota疫苗株构建抗原针对性更强的弱毒疫苗株存在技术可行性.     

甜菜夜蛾半胱天冬酶基因的克隆及对细胞凋亡 诱导剂和病原微生物感染的表达响应

【目的】本研究旨在明确甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua半胱天冬酶(caspase)在细胞凋亡诱导剂诱导和病原微生物胁迫下的表达模式,为丰富鳞翅目昆虫细胞凋亡机制研究奠定基础。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术从甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫体内扩增两个半胱天冬酶基因(SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4)编码区的全长;利用qPCR技术分别检测两个半胱天冬酶基因在细胞凋亡诱导剂过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)(100 μmol/L)、放线菌素D(actinomycin D, ActD)(10 μg/mL)和地塞米松(dexamethasone, DEX)(50 μg/mL)诱导后甜菜夜蛾脂肪体细胞中及病原菌苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk)(10⁸个细菌/mL)、大肠杆菌TG1菌株Escherichia coli TG1 (E. coli TG1)(10⁸个细菌/mL)、烟芽夜蛾囊泡病毒3h株(Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h, HvAV-3h)(1.16×10¹¹个基因组拷贝/mL)和苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV)(5 000 OBs/μL)感染后甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫体内的表达模式。【结果】SeCasp-3(GenBank登录号: MW183334)的编码区长942 bp,共编码313个氨基酸;SeCasp-4(GenBank登录号: MW183335)的编码区长843 bp,共编码280个氨基酸。SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4的假定蛋白序列与家蚕Bombyx mori Dronc的氨基酸序列一致性分别为45.54％和58.46％,且SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4之间具有较高的同源性。SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4在不同化学物质诱导下的甜菜夜蛾脂肪体细胞中的表达模式存在明显差异,在100 μmol/L H₂O₂和10 μg/mL ActD处理后24和48 h,脂肪体细胞中SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4的相对表达量均显著升高;50 μg/mL DEX处理后24和48 h,SeCasp-3的相对表达量未见显著变化,但SeCasp-4的相对表达量升高了数千倍。在不同病原微生物感染后的甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫体内,SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4的表达模式基本相同。一般线性模型的分析结果表明,Btk和E. coli TG1的感染不造成SeCasp-3和SeCasp-4相对表达量的显著变化,而HvAV-3h和AcMNPV的感染则显著抑制了这两个基因的表达。【结论】本研究鉴定了两个甜菜夜蛾半胱天冬酶基因,并分析了其对细胞凋亡诱导剂和病原微生物感染的表达响应,为进一步探究半胱天冬酶功能和昆虫细胞凋亡过程提供了重要的理论基础。     

AcMNPV突变株的蛋白表达时相研究

将苜蓿银纹夜蛾多核衣壳核型多角体病毒（Autograph Clifornica nuclear polyhedrosis nvius,AcMNPV)的野生型株HR3和温度敏感突变株ts317,ts538,ts8感染草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda)Sf21细胞,并在允许温度（25℃）或非允许温度（33℃）下培养,分别采用过氧化物酶标记的抗P47蛋白,抗P143蛋白,抗多体蛋白和抗病毒结构蛋白的单克隆抗体检测病毒增殖过程各蛋白出现的时间。结果表明：1）P47蛋白是一种晚期（12hpi)表达蛋白,各突变株在允许温度（25℃）能够表达,但在非允许温度（33℃）不能表达。2）P143蛋白是一种早期（8hpi)表达蛋白,在允许温度和非允许温度时都能表达,ts8的表达量较少。3）在非允放温度条件下,蛋白质的合成速度高于允许温度。4）野生才突变株ts317的病毒结构蛋白（P80,GP64,VP39,P24和PTP)允许温度增殖下都能检测到,ts538和ts8表达量相对少些。5）除了GP64和除P24外,ts583和ts8感染的细胞非允许温度下不能表达病毒的结构蛋白。6）野生型毒株HR3在允许温度和允许温度下的蛋白表达无明显差异。     

Novel strategies for the biocontrol of noctuid pests (Lepidoptera) based on improving ascovirus infectivity using Bacillus thuringiensis

Identifying novel biocontrol agents and developing new strategies are urgent goals in insect pest biocontrol. Ascoviruses are potential competent insect viruses that may be developed into bioinsecticides, but this aim is impeded by their poor oral infectivity. To improve the per os infectivity of ascovirus, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) was employed as a helper to damage the midgut of lepidopteran larvae (Helicoverpa armigera, Mythimna separata, Spodoptera frugiperda, and S. litura) in formulations with Heliothis virescens ascovirus isolates (HvAV-3h and HvAV-3j). Btk and ascovirus mixtures (Btk/HvAV-3h and Btk/HvAV-3j) were fed to insect larvae (3rd instar). With the exception of S. frugiperda larvae, which exhibited low mortality after ingesting Btk, the larvae of the other tested species showed three types of response to feeding on the formulas: type I, the tested larvae (H. armigera) were killed by Btk infection so quickly that insufficient time and resources remained for ascoviral invasion; type II, both Btk and the ascovirus were depleted by their competition, such that neither was successfully released or colonized the tissue; type III, Btk was eliminated by the ascovirus, and the ascovirus achieved systemic infection in the tested larvae. The feeding of Btk/ascovirus formulas led to a great reduction in larval diet consumption and resulted in a significant decrease in the emergence rate of H. armigera, M. separata, and S. litura larvae, which suggested that the formulas exerted marked oral control effects on both the contemporary individuals and the next generation of these tested pest species.     

3H-31, A Non-structural Protein of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h,Inhibits the Host Larval Cathepsin and Chitinase Activities

Virologica Sinica - 3h-31 of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) is a highly conserved gene of ascoviruses. As an early gene of HvAV-3h, 3h-31 codes for a non-structural protein (3H-31) of...     

缺失宿主Vta1蛋白的MIT结构域对杆状病毒AcMNPV复制的影响

【目的】克隆草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)Vta1基因,检测Vta1在苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)复制中的作用。【方法】利用反转录-PCR与PCR方法筛选草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因及缺失Vta1N-端MIT结构域的突变体并构建其瞬时表达质粒,通过转染Sf9细胞检测表达;构建Vta1及其突变体的双分子荧光互补表达质粒,并通过瞬时转染检测其与Vps4及ESCRT-III亚基Vps46与Vps60的相互作用;共转染gp64与Vta1及其突变体瞬时表达质粒,检测瞬时表达Vta1突变体对AcMNPV出芽型病毒产量及病毒基因启动子指导报告基因表达的影响。【结果】获得了草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因。氨基酸序列相似性分析表明,昆虫、酵母与人类Vta1同源蛋白的相似性分别约为20%与50%。Western blotting分析表明GFP标签的Vta1及其突变体均能在瞬时转染的Sf9细胞中表达。双分子荧光互补分析发现,缺失第1个或第2个MIT结构域显著降低Vta1突变体与Vps4、Vps46或Vps60的相互作用。此外,瞬时表达Vta1突变体显著降低了AcMNPV感染性出芽型病毒的产量,但并未影响AcMNPVie1基因早期启动子和p6.9基因晚期启动子指导的LacZ和GUS报告基因的表达。【结论】Vta1可能参与杆状病毒AcMNPV子代病毒粒子的组装和/或出芽释放过程。     

Effects of Heliothis virescens ascovirus (HvAV-3e) on a novel host, Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Ascoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses which cause fatal disease in lepidopteran host larvae. They induce a unique pathology, causing cleavage of host cells into virion-containing vesicles. With the single exception of Diadromus pulchellus ascovirus, all ascoviruses have been exclusively reported from the Noctuidae. To investigate whether Heliothis virescens AV (HvAV-3e) has a broader host range at the family level, larvae of Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a major pest of brassica crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Old World and Australasia, were inoculated with HvAV-3e. Larvae were readily infected by the ascovirus and feeding, growth and survival were significantly affected. However, the milky white discolouration of the haemolymph which is characteristic of ascovirus infection in noctuid hosts was not apparent. In further contrast to infected noctuid host larvae that do not develop to the pupal stage, a significant proportion of infected C. pavonana larvae pupated but all were killed at this stage. Thus, C. pavonana appears to be a semi-permissive host of the ascovirus, the presence of such hosts in the field might be an explanation for the conundrum for the ascovirus-noctuid-wasp relationship, helping explain the persistence of the ascovirus.     

Genome analysis of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h isolated from China

No ascovirus isolated from China has been sequenced so far. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to sequence the genome of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) using the 454 pyrosequencing technology. The genome was found to be 190,519-bp long with a G+C content of 45.5%. We also found that it encodes 185 hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs) along with at least 50 amino acids, including 181 ORFs found in other ascoviruses and 4 unique ORFs. Gene-parity plots and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between HvAV-3h and three other HvAV-3a strains and a distant relationship with Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a (SfAV-1a), Trichoplusia ni ascovirus 6a (TnAV-6a), and Diadromus pulchellus ascovirus 4a (DpAV-4a). Among the 185 potential genes encoded by the genome, 44 core genes were found in all the sequenced ascoviruses. In addition, 25 genes were found to be conserved in all ascoviruses except DpAV-4a. In the HvAV-3h genome, 24 baculovirus repeat ORFs (bros) were present, and the typical homologous repeat regions (hrs) were absent. This study supplies information important for understanding the conservation and functions of ascovirus genes as well as the variety of ascoviral genomes.

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Phylogenetic position and replication kinetics of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) isolated from Spodoptera exigua

Insect-specific ascoviruses with a circular genome are distributed in the USA, France, Australia and Indonesia. Here, we report the first ascovirus isolation from Spodoptera exigua in Hunan, China. DNA-DNA hybridization to published ascoviruses demonstrated that the new China ascovirus isolate is a variant of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3a (HvAV-3a), thus named HvAV-3h. We investigated the phylogenetic position, cell infection, vesicle production and viral DNA replication kinetics of HvAV-3h, as well as its host-ranges. The major capsid protein (MCP) gene and the delta DNA polymerase (DNA po1) gene of HvAV-3h were sequenced and compared with the available ascovirus isolates for phylogenetic analysis. This shows a close relationship with HvAV-3g, originally isolated from Indonesia, HvAV-3e from Australia and HvAV-3c from United States. HvAV-3h infection induced vesicle production in the SeE1 cells derived from S. exigua and Sf9 cells derived from S. frugiperda, resulting in more vesicles generated in Sf9 than SeE1. Viral DNA replication kinetics of HvAV-3h also demonstrated a difference between the two cell lines tested. HvAV-3h could readily infect three important insect pests Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) from two genera in different subfamilies with high mortalities.     

金龟子绿僵菌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的生防效果、抗氧化酶活性和肠道细菌群落的影响

【目的】测定金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)对斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura) 2龄幼虫的毒力,研究金龟子绿僵菌侵染后寄主体内抗氧化酶活性和肠道内细菌群落的变化,探讨斜纹夜蛾对金龟子绿僵菌侵染的防御机制。【方法】采用浸渍法测定不同浓度金龟子绿僵菌对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力;应用IlluminaMiSeq高通量测序技术测定肠道细菌群落。【结果】不同浓度的孢悬液对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫均有一定的毒力,处理7 d时半致死浓度(LC_(50))为3.944 107个孢子/mL;浓度为1.0×10~9个孢子/mL时,半致死时间最短(LT_(50))为4.6 d,校正后的死亡率为81.03%。处理后未致死的斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内抗氧化酶活性显著高于对照组。处理后致死的斜纹夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌群落多样性显著高于对照组;且处理后致死的斜纹夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌群落组成与对照组差异显著。【结论】金龟子绿僵菌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的致死率和致死效率与金龟子绿僵菌的浓度呈正相关;斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的抗氧化酶可能在抵抗金龟子绿僵菌侵染的过程中起重要作用。金龟子绿僵菌的侵染会导致斜纹夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌群落多样性升高和组成发生变化,Enterococcus、Escherichia和Pseudomonas等属可能是影响斜纹夜蛾幼虫抵抗金龟子绿僵菌侵染致死的重要因素。