蓄水后洪水胁迫对三峡库区消落带狗牙根幼苗生长的影响

为了进一步评估蓄水期后三峡库区消落带狗牙根的水淹耐受能力, 于蓄水期后引种库区消落带狗牙根植株, 模拟洪水发生时水下无光、淹水逆境, 探讨洪水复合胁迫持续时间对其后期生长恢复的影响。结果表明: 洪水胁迫显著抑制狗牙根分株的生长发育, 随着胁迫时间的延长其分株数、分株茎长、分株总茎长、分株茎宽、分株叶片数、分株总叶片数均显著低于对照, 仅短期(20 d)胁迫促进了分株叶片的伸长; 短期(20 d)胁迫促进了分枝数、分枝直径和分枝茎节长的生长, 分别比对照增加 20.0%(P<0.05)、15.0%(P<0.05)、18.2%(P<0.05), 但是随着洪水胁迫时间的延长, 狗牙根的分枝数、分枝长、总分枝长、分枝直径、分枝茎节长、分枝茎节数、分枝总茎节数均呈降低趋势; 随着洪水胁迫时间的延长植株叶片光合作用能力也呈降低趋势, 原初光化学效率、实际光化学效率、电子传递速率、光化学淬灭系数显著低于对照, 而非光化学淬灭系数则相反, 表明能量更多的以热的形式被耗散掉, 参与 CO2 固定的电子数显著减少, 光合产物显著降低。因此, 三峡库区消落带狗牙根幼苗对洪水复合胁迫的耐受能力较强, 胁迫时间≥40 d 后其耐受能力呈显著降低趋势, 会导致库区消落带(特别是低水位消落带)狗牙根种群衰退演替加快。     

水体泥沙对苦草生长发育和叶片光合生理特性的影响

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60、90NTU和120NTU的浑浊水体,将苦草(Vallisneria asiatica)幼苗分别种植于上述水体中,水深约60cm,定期统计植株的叶长、叶宽、叶片数和株数,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(DIVING～PAM)测定泥沙附着苦草叶片在光化光下的荧光参数,并测定其超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性.结果表明,随着水体中泥沙含量的增加苦草植株的叶宽、叶片数和植株数呈显著的降低趋势,在浊度30NTU的水体中,植株叶长增长速度显著大于对照;随着实验时间的延长,在泥沙含量较高的水体(浊度≥60NTU)中,植株逐渐死亡,而在浊度30NTU的水体中,幼苗能进行正常的生长发育.秋季植株开花时,叶片上的泥沙附着量逐渐增大,在30NTU水体中泥沙附着叶片的实际光化学效率、光化学荧光淬灭系数和电子传递速率均显著高于对照,而且附着叶片的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性与对照的差异不显著.表明在低浓度泥沙水体中泥沙附着有利于苦草叶片PSⅡ免受秋季高光照的伤害,从而减缓苦草叶片光合功能的衰减.因此,在泥沙含量较低的浅水体(浊度≤30 NTU)中可以适当引种苦草幼苗(最好由冬芽和根状茎萌发得到),植株能正常生长发育和繁殖.     

光强对菹草生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

试验以菹草(Potamogeton crispus)为试验材料, 在7种不同光强(自然光的100%、60%、40%、20%、10%、5%和1%)条件下, 测定并分析菹草的形态指标(株高、叶片数)和生理指标(叶绿素、根系活力、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛)对光强条件的响应, 为富营养化水体植物群落的构建提供理论依据。结果表明: (1)随着光照强度的增大, 菹草的株高、叶片数、生物量增长率显著上升, 而光强过高(CK组)和过低(1%组)菹草生长受到抑制; (2)菹草叶绿素含量随光照强度的增大, 呈先上升后下降趋势。1%组和CK组Chl. a、Chl. b、Chl. a+b和Car含量低, 其余各组含量较高; (3)随着试验时间的延长, 菹草根系活力呈先上升后下降趋势, 20%组、40%组和60%组的根系活力较大; (4)菹草SOD、POD和CAT活性整体表现为先升后降趋势, 试验后期1%和CK组SOD含量较高, POD、CAT含量较低。菹草叶片MDA含量在试验过程中不断上升, 抑制菹草的正常生长。自然光照的20%—60%, 菹草生长状况较好; 持续的弱光胁迫将导致植物活性氧代谢失调, 细胞受到伤害, 最终导致植物死亡。     

水体泥沙对黑藻幼苗生长发育的影响

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60NTU和90NTU的浑浊水体,将黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)幼苗分别种植于上述水体中,水深约60cm,定期统计植株的节间距、株高、分枝数、叶宽、叶长、鲜重和泥沙附着量,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(DIVING-PAM)测定叶片的Fv/Fm,并测定附着泥沙叶片和未附着叶片快速光响应曲线。结果表明,前40d随着水体浊度的增加黑藻植株的节间距、株高呈显著的增加趋势,而分枝数和生物量增长速率呈显著降低趋势。植株生长接近水面后接受的光照强度增加,第60天时株高和叶宽增长受到显著抑制,但植株上层的分枝受到促进,生物量显著增加。同时,随着水体浊度的增加植株上的泥沙附着显著增加,第100天时在30、60NTU和90NTU水体中植株的叶宽分别比对照宽71.4%、57.1%、48.6%,叶长分别为对照的113.0%、85.5%和75.1%,差异极显著(P0.01);在高浊度(60NTU和90NTU)水体中,水体下部生物量显著降低,冠层叶片的Fv/Fm分别仅降低了5.5%(P0.05)、2.9%(P0.05),rETRmax分别降低了2.0%(P0.05)、16.8%(P0.01)。表明在水深较浅的泥沙水体中可以适当引种黑藻幼苗,植株可以正常生长发育。     

水体浊度对苦草光合荧光特性的影响

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60、90 NTU(nephelometric turbidity units)的混浊水体,将苦草(Vallisneria natans)成株分别种植于上述水体中,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(DIVING-PAM)测定植株最长叶片水下10 cm处ΔFv/Fm的光合日变化及快速光响应曲线(RLC)。结果表明,1个月后,水体浊度对苦草成体植株Fv/Fm和光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)无显著影响,叶片ΔFv/F’m的日变化曲线呈“V”形;泥沙浊度≥60 NTU时,ΔFv/F’m降低幅度较小,光强降低时恢复较快,植株受光抑制的程度变小。快速光响应曲线结果显示,实验期间苦草开始衰老,光响应能力下降;随水体混浊度的升高,叶片光响应能力下降减慢。表明在浅(水深1.0 m)而浑浊的水体中,短时间内混浊水体对苦草成株叶片PSⅡ的影响较小。     

NaCl胁迫对苦豆子幼苗光合机构及生物量积累的影响

该研究通过测定盐生药用植物苦豆子幼苗气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数及生长指标,研究了中度(200mmol/L NaCl)和重度(400mmol/L NaCl)盐胁迫对其生长特性的影响,探讨盐生植物对盐化环境的生理响应机制。结果显示:(1)中度盐胁迫1d后,苦豆子幼苗光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)及胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)显著低于对照,随着胁迫时间延长,P_n下降显著,而气体交换参数降低不明显,C_i值甚至有上升趋势;重度盐胁迫处理1d后,苦豆子气体交换值出现了显著降低,随着胁迫时间延长,降低程度增大;中度盐胁迫导致苦豆子光合速率出现下降的原因是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同作用的结果,而重度盐胁迫下,Pn的下降主要是非气孔因素引起的。(2)处理1d后,相对于对照组,中度和重度盐胁迫下的苦豆子幼苗最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))出现了不同程度的降低,而重度盐胁迫下降低更加显著;处理5d后,中度盐胁迫荧光参数变化不明显,但重度盐胁迫处理下降低显著。(3)随着胁迫程度的加重,幼苗含水量及生长指标(株高、根长、干重)降低幅度加大,以致严重抑制了植株生长。研究表明,盐生植物苦豆子对盐胁迫的耐受性也有一定限度,其在200mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株光合作用受到轻微抑制,但能维持正常生长,而在400mmol/L NaCl胁迫下光合生理受到严重抑制,且随着胁迫时间的延长,受到伤害程度加重,甚至死亡。     

草丁膦对转bar基因水稻GS酶活性和光合功能的影响

喷施草丁膦后,对草丁膦无抗性水稻Cypress(未转bar基因)叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性先受到抑制,随后叶片内NH 4积累上升,叶绿素含量、PSⅡ原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ)和叶片叶绿素荧光的光化学猝灭系数(qp)下降,光合速率显著降低;最后引起植株死亡.另一方面,Cypress PB-6(转bar基因抗草丁膦水稻)的GS酶活性在喷施草丁膦后虽然先被抑制,但随后能恢复至正常水平,接着NH 4积累下降,草丁膦对叶绿素含量、荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qp的影响被解除,光合速率恢复到正常水平,整个植株生长正常.     

不同产地茅苍术对淹水胁迫的生理生化响应及耐淹性的TOPSIS综合评价

以不同产地茅苍术为试验材料,研究了人工模拟淹水胁迫对不同产地茅苍术植株叶片的生理指标、光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以期为茅苍术耐涝品种的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明:随着淹水胁迫时间的延长,不同产地植株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,其中SOD、POD分别于第2、6天达最高值;英山、信阳组CAT值均于第2天达最高值,而句容组于第4天达最高值,上升周期最长,且最高值最大;丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈上升趋势,7 d时显著高于未处理组;随着淹水胁迫时间的延长,不同产地植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均持续下降,7 d时显著小于未处理组,但各产地间差异不显著;随着淹水胁迫时间的延长,不同产地植株叶片的最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)均呈下降趋势,句容组显著大于其他组,且淹水胁迫对茅苍术叶片Fv/Fo的影响比Fv/Fm大。有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈先上升后下降趋势,其中各组茅苍术Fv'/Fm'、ETR分别于胁迫第1天时达最高值;英山、信阳组q P、NPQ于第1天达最高值,句容组于第3天达最高值。通过TOPSIS法对生理、光合、叶绿素荧光指标进行综合评价,得出淹水胁迫下3个产地茅苍术植株耐涝性能大小顺序为句容英山信阳。     

光照强度对大花旋蒴苣苔叶形态和生理指标的影响

以复苏植物大花旋蒴苣苔(Boea clarkeana)为盆栽实验材料,通过梯度遮光处理,研究不同光照强度(100%、80%、60%、40%和20%透光率)和不同处理时间(30、60、90、120和150d)对大花旋蒴苣苔叶生长指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着光照强度的减弱,大花旋蒴苣苔叶的各生长指标(叶片长、叶片宽、叶柄长、叶柄直径以及叶面积)呈现先增大后减小的趋势,透光率为60%时达到最大值;全光照(100%透光率)时,大花旋蒴苣苔表现出明显的外伤症状,透光率为80%和20%时,分别表现出中度伤害和轻度伤害,透光率为40%和60%时,未出现明显的外伤症状;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)3种抗氧化酶活性均较低且随着光强减弱呈现先降低后升高的趋势,随着处理时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势,全光照时抗氧化酶的活性最大,透光率60%处理下酶活性相对较低;丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和质膜透性随着光强减弱呈先降低后升高的趋势,随着处理时间的延长显著升高;叶绿素含量随着光强减弱呈逐渐上升的趋势,随着处理时间的延长先降低后升高。分析表明,40%～60%的透光率有利于大花旋蒴苣苔的生长,强光和弱光对大花旋蒴苣苔的生长均不利。     

盆栽桐花树对不同遮光度的生理生态响应

盆栽红树植物桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)1年生幼苗,研究了在浇灌淡水和人工海水2种情况下不同遮光度(透光率25%、45%和100%)处理对盆栽桐花树生理生态的影响.结果表明,处理360 d后,在相同盐度处理下植株的茎高年增量随光照强度减弱而增大,3种光照强度处理之间差异极显著,而茎径年增量则与茎高年增量相反.平均每株分枝数、叶片数、叶面积和叶片厚度存在显著差异.在相同盐度处理下,光照强度25%和45%处理的植株叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量无显著差异,但均显著高于100%光照强度,而6种处理植株叶片叶绿素a/b比值没有显著差异.在相同盐度处理下,随着光照强度的降低,净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和根系活力均呈下降趋势,且不同光照强度处理间存在极显著差异.在同一光照强度下,淡水组的可溶性糖含量、NR活性和根系活力均比人工海水组低.试验表明,遮光对盆栽桐花树的生理生态有显著影响.     

微囊藻毒素对沉水植物苦草生长发育的影响

MC RR抑制大型沉水植物苦草 (Vallisnerianatans (Lour.)Hara .)的生长和发育。在 0 0 0 0 1— 10mg/L的浓度下 ,苦草种子的发芽、子叶生长、真叶的形成和生长、不定根的形成和生长以及根毛的生长都受到了一定的抑制作用。当MC RR浓度≥ 0 .1mg/L时 ,处理第 30d ,MC RR对苦草鲜重和第一片真叶的生长有极显著的抑制作用 ,当MC RR浓度为 10mg/L时 ,根的生长和叶片的发生也受到了极显著的抑制作用     

在极度弱光和两种底质条件下苦草的生长和生理响应

实验以云南大理州洱海水生植被重度退化区(湖心平台)作为实验地点, 探究极度弱光和两种底质(黏土、淤泥)环境下苦草(Vallisneria natans)在恢复过程中的形态及生理响应, 并依此探讨底质改善对苦草种群恢复的作用。结果表明: (1)在极度弱光环境下, 苦草部分死亡, 存活数量下降, 并在形态特征和生理特征上均表现出胁迫响应, 其形态特征值下降, 氮(N)含量和游离氨基酸含量上升, 碳(C)含量和淀粉含量下降; (2)苦草不同器官对弱光环境的响应有所差异, 叶片(地上部分)受到的胁迫影响大于根茎(地下部分); (3)苦草对弱光环境的响应在不同底质条件下有显著性差异, 苦草在黏土底质上表现出更小的胁迫反应和更高的存活数量, 两种底质相比较, 黏土更适合作为苦草恢复的底质条件。研究表明在洱海当前的水质环境下有希望结合局部的底质改善来实现在南部湖心平台的沉水植物恢复。     

Growth, soluble carbohydrates, and aloin concentration of Aloe vera plants exposed to three irradiance levels

Research was conducted on Aloe vera, a traditional medicinal plant, to investigate the effects of light on growth, carbon allocation, and the concentrations of organic solutes, including soluble carbohydrates and aloin. The plants were vegetatively propagated and grown under three irradiances: full sunlight, partial (30% full sunlight), and deep shade (10% full sunlight) for 12-18 months. After 1 year of growth, five plants from each treatment were harvested to determine total above- and below ground dry mass. Four plants from the full sunlight and the partial shade treatments were harvested after 18 months to assess the soluble carbohydrate, organic acid and aloin concentrations of the clear parenchyma gel and the yellow leaf exudate, separately. Plants grown under full sunlight produced more numerous and larger axillary shoots, resulting in twice the total dry mass than those grown under partial shade. The dry mass of the plants grown under deep shade was 8.6% that of plants grown under full sunlight. Partial shade increased the number and length of leaves produced on the primary shoot, but leaf dry mass was still reduced to 66% of that in full sunlight. In contrast, partial and deep shade reduced root dry mass to 28 and 13%, respectively, of that under full sunlight, indicating that carbon allocation to roots was restricted under low light conditions. When plants were sampled 6 months later, there were only minor treatment effects on the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and aloin in the leaf exudate and gel. Soluble carbohydrate concentrations were greater in the gel than in the exudate, with glucose the most abundant soluble carbohydrate. Aloin was present only in the leaf exudate and higher irradiance did not induce a higher concentration. Limitation in light availability primarily affected total dry mass production and allocation, without substantial effects on either primary or secondary carbon metabolites.     

RESPONSE OF LEAF ANATOMY AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZA (ARACEAE) TO A TRANSFER FROM LOW TO HIGH LIGHT

Alocasia macrorrhiza plants were grown in 1% and 20% full sunlight, and their leaf anatomical and physiological parameters were measured. Total leaf thickness was 41% greater and mesophyll thickness was 52% greater in high-light leaves than in low-light leaves. This increase in thickness resulted from both increased cell size and number. Maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity was also 66% greater in high- than in low-light leaves. When low-light plants were transferred to high light, the thickness of mature leaves did not increase but the thickness of the first leaf to expand after the transfer was significantly greater than that of the low-light leaves. Thus, only leaves that were still expanding at the time of transfer developed leaf thickness greater than plants remaining in low light. Fully mature leaves showed no change in photosynthetic capacity in response to transfer. Leaves that had just completed expansion at the time of low- to high-light transfer were able to develop slightly higher maximum photosynthetic capacities than older leaves. However, full photosynthetic acclimation to the new light environment did not occur until the second new leaf expanded after transfer. These results are discussed in relation to the timing and mechanisms of whole plant acclimation to increased light.     

Effects of light availability on host plant chemistry and the consequences for behavior and growth of an insect herbivore

We examined how light availability influenced the defensive chemistry of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Solanaceae). Tomato plants were grown either in full sunlight or under shade cloth rated at 73%. Leaves from plants grown in full sunlight were tougher, had higher concentrations of allelochemicals (chlorogenic acid, rutin and tomatine), and had less protein than leaves from plants grown in shade. We determined how these differences in host plant quality due to light availability affected the behavior and growth of a Solanaceae specialist, Manduca sexta. Both in the greenhouse and in the field, caterpillars on shade-grown plants grew heavier in a shorter amount of time than those on plants that had previously been grown in full sunlight. In contrast, the effects of previous light availability to plants on caterpillar behavior appeared to be minor.To further investigate how light availability to plants influenced herbivore growth, we examined the effects of leaf-powder diets made from tomato leaves of different ages (new, intermediate, or mature) grown in full sunlight or shade on caterpillar performance. Caterpillars fed diets made from plants grown in shade consumed less but grew faster than larvae fed diets made from tomato plants grown in full sunlight. Caterpillars fed diets made from new leaves grew larger in less time than caterpillars fed diets made from intermediate aged leaves. Caterpillars did not survive on the mature leaf powder diets. There were plant-light treatment by larval thermal regime interactions. For example, at 26:15 °C , plant-light treatment had no effect on stadium duration, but at 21:10 °C, stadium duration was prolonged with the full sunlight-new leaf diet compared with the shaded-new leaf diet. In a second diet experiment, we examined the interactive effects of protein and some tomato allelochemicals (rutin, chlorogenic acid and tomatine) on the performance of caterpillars. There were food quality by thermal regime interactions. For instance, at 26:15 °C , neither protein nor allelochemical concentration influenced stadium duration, whereas at 21:10 °C, stadium duration was prolonged with the low protein-high allelochemical diet, which simulated full sunlight leaves. In sum, light availability to plants affected defensive chemistry and protein concentration. The difference in food quality was great enough to influence the growth of a specialist insect herbivore, but the effects were temperature-dependent.     

The effect of shading on photosynthesis,growth, and regrowth following defoliation for Bromus tectorum

Summary The effect of full sunlight, 60%, or 90% attenuated light on photosynthetic rate, growth, leaf morphology, dry weight allocation patterns, phenology, and tolerance to clipping was examined in the glasshouse for steppe populations of the introduced grass, Bromus tectorum. The net photosynthetic response to light for plants grown in shade was comparable to responses for plants grown in full sunlight. Plants grown in full sunlight produced more biomass, tillers and leaves, and allocated a larger proportion of their total production to roots than plants grown in shade. The accumulation of root and shoot biomass over the first two months of seedling growth was primarily responsible for the larger size at harvest of plants grown in full sunlight. Plants grown under 60% and 90% shade flowered an average of 2 and 6 weeks later, respectively, than plants grown in full sunlight. Regrowth after clipping was greater for plants grown in full sunlight compared to those grown in shade. Even a one-time clipping delayed flowering and seed maturation; the older the individual when leaf area was removed, the greater the delay in its phenology. Repeated removal of leaf area was more frequently fatal for plants in shade than in full sunlight. For plants originally grown in full sunlight, regrowth in the dark was greater than for shaded plants and was more closely correlated to non-flowering tiller number than to plant size. This correlation suggests that etiolated regrowth is more likely regulated by the number of functional meristems than by differences in the size of carbohydrate pools. Thus, shading reduces the rate of growth, number of tillers, and ability to replace leaf area lost to herbivory for B. tectorum. These responses, in turn, intensify the effect of competition and defoliation for this grass in forests. B. tectorum is largely restricted to forest gaps at least in part because of its inability to acclimate photosynthetically, the influence of shade on resource allocation, and the role of herbivory in exacerbating these effects.     

Clonal integration affects growth and sediment properties of the first ramet generation,but not later ramet generations under severe light stress

克隆整合影响严重光胁迫下第一分株世代的生长和沉积物特征但不影响 后续分株世代的生长和沉积物特征 克隆整合通过缓冲环境压力和提高资源获取效率使克隆植物受益。然而,在一个克隆系统中,受益于克隆整合的连接分株世代的数量很少受到关注。我们进行了一个盆栽实验来评估沉水植物苦草 (Vallisneria natans)克隆系统内的生理整合程度,该克隆系统由一个母株和3个依次连接的后代分株组成。 母株生长在正常光照下,而后代分株被严重遮荫。母株与后代分株间的匍匐茎被切断或保持连接,但3个后代分株之间的连接仍然存在。与遮荫的后代分株连接时,苦草未遮荫的母株的光合能力显著增强,但其生物量积累大大减少。克隆整合显著增加了第一分株世代(相邻分株)的生物量积累和土壤的碳氮可用性、胞外酶活性和微生物生物量,但没有增加后续分株世代的这些特征。我们的结果表明,在严重光胁迫下,来自苦草母株的支持可能仅限于克隆系统中相邻的后代分株,这暗示着一个分株世代的效应。我们的结果有助于更好地理解克隆植物的层次结构和分段化。这些发现表明克隆整合程度在分株种群的生态相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。     

Mechanisms of photoinhibition induced by high light in Hosta grown outdoors

Aims It has long been recognized that photoinhibition of photosynthesis is induced by high light. However, our recent studies are not consistent with this traditional view. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the induction of photoinhibition and its mechanisms under full sunlight outdoors.
Methods Changes of leaf morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured to investigate the induction and mechanisms of photoinhibition under high light in Hosta, which is a typical shade-tolerant plant.
Important findings Hosta plants grown under full sunlight (HT) and low light (LT) developed sun- and shade-type leaf morphological characteristics, respectively. Under a full sunlight, Hosta plants had lower photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content than under the LT; whereas, there were only slight difference in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) between the two treatments, suggesting that Hosta plants could grow normally under full sunlight without severe photoinhibition. After transition from the low to a high light (LHT), the photosynthetic rate and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II decreased sharply, reflecting that the LHT treatment led to irreversibly inactivation of photosystem II. Additionally, the shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients also changed significantly; the relative fluorescence yield of the K and J steps were reduced by 24.3% and 34.2%, respectively, indicating that the acceptor side of photosystem II was damaged more severely than the donor side. Consequently, we postulate that photoinhibition in Hosta leaves is mainly induced by the sudden enhancement of light intensity outdoors. Hosta can acclimate to high irradiance through leaf development outdoors. Our finding is of great significance in understanding the acclimation of plants to high light and cultivation of shade-tolerant plants in field.     

强光胁迫对濒危植物金花茶幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以当年生盆栽金花茶实生苗为材料,研究不同程度的强光胁迫（25％、50％和100％自然光强,以8%自然光强为对照）对其生长、生物量、叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：在不同程度的强光胁迫下,金花茶幼苗的生长均受到抑制,随着胁迫程度的增强,金花茶叶片颜色由深绿变为浅绿、黄绿色,叶片灼伤愈来愈严重;植株抽稍时间推迟,抽稍后长出的新叶长势较差;幼苗死亡率越来越高。幼苗根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均随胁迫程度的升高而显著降低,强光胁迫对叶生物量的影响最大,根生物量次之,对茎生物量的影响最小。随着胁迫程度的增强,叶片叶绿素总量（Chl）、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）含量均显著降低,Chla/Chlb和Car/Chl显著升高。叶绿素荧光参数F_o、F_m、F_v、F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o均随胁迫程度的升高降低,强光胁迫使PSⅡ受到了伤害,光合作用原初反应过程受抑制,光合电子传递受到影响,从而抑制植株的正常生长。     

光强对烟草幼苗形态和生理指标的影响

通过白纱布遮荫模拟不同光生境条件(透光率分别为100%、68.2%、35.4%和16.7%),研究了光强因子对烟草幼苗形态和生理指标的影响.结果表明:随相对光强的减弱,幼苗高度增加,茎粗、干鲜比、叶片厚度和单位叶面积质量均呈降低趋势,幼苗干物质积累减少,但其对叶数的影响不大.弱光条件下,叶片自由水、叶绿素、总氮和蛋白质含量增加,束缚水含量降低,叶绿素a/b值减小,转化酶活性降低;烟草幼苗根系相对不发达,根冠比和根生物量减小,根系活力降低.表明弱光条件不利于培育烟草壮苗,生产中应尽可能改善苗床的光照条件.