华芬酶-1600对长颈鹿日粮营养物质消化率的影响

在长颈鹿日粮中添加精料量的 0 0‰、 0 8‰、 1 0‰、 1 2‰剂量华芬酶 - 16 0 0 ,采用分期试验法对 3只成年健康长颈鹿进行 4期消化试验。结果表明 ,添加外源酶后 ,长颈鹿对日粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的消化率均明显提高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,尤其是粗纤维的消化率 ,以第Ⅳ期 (添加 1 2‰ )最为显著 (P <0 0 5 )。因此 ,推荐添加量为 1 2‰。     

灵芝发酵茶降低小鼠血清总胆固醇作用简报

报道灵芝发酵茶降低小鼠血清总胆固醇含量作用。试验采用BABL／c雄性小鼠,按体重随机分组,设高、中、低三个剂量和对照组,高、中、低三个剂量的试验组每天分别以4．198g／kg、3．358g/kg、2．798g/kg三个剂量灌服灵芝发酵茶提取液一次,对照组每天则以生理盐水灌服1次,连续给药10d,每天喂养高脂饲料。末次给药30min后,采用酶法测定小鼠血清总胆固醇含量。结果中剂量组试验小鼠血清总胆固醇含量和体重与对照相比分别降低了37．1％和7．7％。试验表明一定剂量的灵芝发酵茶对小鼠血清总胆固醇含量和体重的降低有显著作用。     

菊芋源菊粉对肥胖小鼠缓解作用的研究

通过采用高脂饲料诱导建立小鼠肥胖模型,对模型小鼠分别采用9.0‰生理盐水(模型对照组)、低[2.5g/(kg·d)]、高[10 g/(kg·d)]2种剂量的菊粉(低剂量菊粉组、高剂量菊粉组)和药物奥利司他(奥利司他组)处理,同时用普通饲料喂养、9.0‰生理盐水处理的小鼠作为空白对照,通过测定小鼠的体重、肝体比和血清学指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇),并观察肝脏油红O染色切片,研究菊粉对肥胖小鼠的缓解作用。结果显示,与模型对照相比,菊粉处理能够降低小鼠的体重,分别降低了9.03%和7.77%,总胆固醇含量下降7.91%和12.02%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值提高16.39%和73.51%,肝体比降低13.81%和44.20%,切片结果显示小鼠肝脏的脂肪滴数量较模型对照组少。本研究结果表明菊粉可以降低血清中的总胆固醇含量,提高高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇之间的比值,减少肝脏的脂肪堆积,降低肝体比,对小鼠肥胖具有缓解作用。     

单宁酸对高原鼠兔血脂水平的影响

2011年5-8月在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站,用分光光度法测定每月野外捕捉的高原鼠兔和7月份室内灌胃单宁酸的高原鼠兔血清中甘油三酯、磷脂、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平。结果发现单宁酸对高原鼠兔血清中各种脂类水平有不同的影响。灌服单宁酸后胆固醇水平没有显著变化;中剂量和高剂量组甘油三脂水平在灌胃1 d和4 d后显著下降;中剂量和高剂量组磷脂水平显著下降;高剂量组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在灌胃1 d和4 d显著高于对照组。甘油三脂和磷脂水平在5-7月逐渐上升,而8月下降;胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在5-7月逐渐下降,而8月上升;甘油三脂水平与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有显著的负相关性。结果表明一定剂量的单宁酸在短期内能降低高原鼠兔血清中甘油三脂和磷脂水平,升高血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,而高原鼠兔血脂水平月份间变化可能与高原鼠兔营养水平和繁殖性能相关。     

温度和盐度对青蛤孵化及幼虫、稚贝存活与生长变态的影响

在9个温度梯度(10-34℃)和10个盐度梯度(盐度3‰-50‰)条件下,研究了温度和盐度对青蛤孵化及幼 虫、稚贝生存与生长变态的影响。结果表明,青蛤孵化和浮游幼虫生长的适温范围为24-32℃,最适温度均为26- 30℃,稚贝生长的适温范围为22-32℃,最适温度为24-30℃。在最适温度下,D形幼虫变态率达80．7％-88．2％, 浮游幼虫和稚贝的存活率分别为86．2％-88．7％和81．5％-84．0％;孵化及浮游幼虫的生长适宜盐度为15‰- 30‰,稚贝为10‰-35‰,最适盐度均为20‰-25‰。在最适盐度下,D形幼虫的成活率、变态率、生长速度皆最高, 分别达到86．9％、77．5％和9．38×11．0μm/d,匍匐幼虫经14-14．5d发育至双管期稚贝,至双管期稚贝的成活率 82．5％-85．0％,日平均生长达13．1μm以上。与大多数滩涂贝类一样,青蛤属于广温广盐性贝类,且稚贝对低盐的 适应能力强于对高盐的适应能力。     

添加保护剂促进碱性果胶酶的工业保藏稳定性

保藏稳定性对于商品酶具有重要的实际意义。通过对碱性果胶酶的保护剂进行研究,最终筛选得到最优复合保护剂配方为：Tween201mL／L,六偏磷酸钠1．5g／L,明胶5g／L,甘油5％（口～）,CaCl22g／L;热稳定性提高18倍。此外在常温保藏时,在酶液中添加0．3‰山梨酸钾和0．3‰苯甲酸钠,能有效提高保藏效果,减少酶液染茵、混浊和发臭,最终常温保藏90d后酶活保留率为84．5％,达到工业化保藏的要求。     

低能离子诱变选育华根霉高产L-乳酸菌株的研究

对L-乳酸产生菌华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis)适宜产酸的条件进行了初步研究和优化,并利用10 keV氮离子对出发菌L-乳酸产率进行诱变。为比较出发菌株和突变菌株在分子水平的差异,利用108条RAPD随机引物对出发菌株和突变菌株进行了比较分析。结果表明:在葡萄糖90‰、(NH4)2SO42‰、KH2PO40.6‰、Mg-SO4.7H2O 0.25‰、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.05‰、CaCO350.0‰pH值自然,接种量在5%左右,34℃,200 r/min的培养条件下,可获得较高的L-乳酸产量(28.8 g/L)。氮离子注入诱发L-乳酸产量突变的适宜剂量为1.30×1015ions/cm2。筛选获得的突变株RC-H13 L-乳酸含量为33.7 g/L,比出发菌株提高17%,且遗传稳定性较好。在RAPD分析中108条引物有3条在两池间表现多态性,差异条带的频率为0.67%。     

饲料中添加中性蛋白酶对青鱼生长、消化及鱼体组成的影响

用含中性蛋白酶8000U/g的酶制剂,制作酶制剂使用量分别为0‰、0.5‰、1‰、2‰和3‰的5种实验饲料,喂养平均初始重为(3.03±0.04)g的5组三重复的青鱼鱼种8周。实验在容积为80L的15只循环式水族箱中进行。实验水温为(25.0±0.5)℃。结果表明：实验饲料中酶制剂含量为0.5‰时,实验鱼的鱼体增重与摄食不含酶制剂饲料的实验组无显著差异(P>0.05), 而当饲料中酶制剂含量提高至1‰时,鱼体增重出现显著提高(P<0.05)。但饲料中酶制剂含量从1‰进一步提高至2‰和3‰,则鱼体增重不再有显著变化(P>0.05);饲料中酶制剂含量为1‰、2‰和3‰实验组的摄食量显著高于饲料中酶制剂含量为0和0.5‰的实验组(P<0.05)。而饲料中酶制剂含量为1‰、2‰和3‰实验组的饲料系数显著低于饲料中酶制剂含量为0和0.5‰的实验组(P<0.05);青鱼饲料中使用酶制剂对饲料干物质的表观消化率、实验鱼的肠蛋白酶活性、肠和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性、全鱼营养组成、脏体指数、肝体指数无显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中0.5‰－3‰酶制剂含量时,实验鱼对饲料蛋白质的表观消化率均显著高于饲料中不含酶制剂的实验组 (P<0.05)。青鱼鱼种肝胰脏蛋白酶活性随着饲料中酶制剂使用量从0增加0.5‰和1‰而呈逐渐升高的趋势,但饲料中酶制剂使用量继续增加则不再有显著变化。因此,在本实验条件下,饲料中使用1‰－3‰的中性蛋白酶制剂促进青鱼鱼种的生长和降低饲料系数。     

60Co辐射对秀珍菇子实体蛋白质营养水平的影响

采用国际上通用的非生物评价方法,研究了不同剂量^60Co辐射对秀珍菇子实体蛋白质背养价值的影响,以期为秀珍菇辐射育种研究提供科学依据。结果表明：存相同培养料以辐射剂量为1．00kGy处理的栽培的秀珍菇子实体蛋白质营养价值评价的六项指标中氨琏酸评分、化学评分、必需氦基酸指数、氨基酸比值系数分种生物价分别为74．3、58．5、78．3、66．9和73．6,均居5种剂量处理之首,营养指数为25．8,均居第2位综合评价的结果显示,以辐射利量为1．00kGy处理的相同培养料栽培秀珍菇子实体其蛋白质营养价值最高.     

qPCR array检测高糖对胆固醇合成基因表达的影响

目的:高血糖易引起胆固醇在体内积聚,增加糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的患病风险。本文通过建立稳定的实时定量PCR芯片(Real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction array,qPCR array)检测方案,研究高糖对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6胆固醇合成基因表达的影响,探讨胆固醇合成基因在糖尿病大血管并发症发展中的作用机制。方法:以不同浓度葡萄糖(5、15、30mmo/L)和不同时间(0、6、12、18、24 h),刺激肝癌细胞Hepa1-6,利用qPCR array检测其胆固醇合成基因的表达差异。结果:与5mmol/L相比,高糖组(15、30 mmo/L)处理细胞18 h后,胆固醇合成基因CYP51、EBP、NSDHL、SQLE、FDFT1和PMVK的表达上调(P0.05),呈现剂量依赖性。与0 h相比,15 mmol/L高糖处理细胞12 h,CYP51、EBP和SQLE mRNA表达量上调(P0.01)。至24 h,CYP51、EBP降至0 h水平,而SQLE的表达量继续增加;NSDHL在12 h表达无差异,至18 h表达量发生上调(P0.05)。结论:该qPCR array检测方案能特异性检测胆固醇合成基因的表达量。高糖能够促进胆固醇合成基因的表达,使细胞内胆固醇积聚,这可能是糖尿病患者容易发生动脉粥样硬化的原因。这提示我们将胆固醇合成基因作为药物靶点可能延缓糖尿病动脉粥样硬化进展。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.