妈咪爱联合利巴韦林、思密达治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的观察

目的观察妈咪爱联合利巴韦林、思密达治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎的疗效。方法将轮状病毒性肠炎患儿58例按就诊先后顺序随机分为对照组29例,用利巴韦林、思密达治疗。治疗组29例,在对照组治疗的基础上加用妈咪爱治疗;利巴韦林用法：10mg/（kg·d）,分3次口服;思密达用法：1岁以下,1g/次,1岁以上,1．5g/次,3次／d;妈咪爱用法：1岁以下,0．5g／次,1岁以上,1g,／次,2次／d。结果治疗组的治愈率和总有效率分别为75．86％和96．55％,对照组的治愈率和总有效率分别为48．28％和75．86％,组间比较,其差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论妈咪爱联合利巴韦林、思密达治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎疗效显著。     

思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎临床观察

目的评价思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效。方法对120例小儿轮状病毒性肠炎患儿随机分为4组,A组为对照组,给予抗病毒、补液、纠酸等常规治疗,在此基础上,B组加用思连康,C组加用思密达,D组加用思连康联合思密达治疗,比较4组临床疗效。结果A、B、C和D组的总有效率分别为27.34%、56.67%、53.33%和83.34%,平均止泻时间分别为（133.20±41.89）h、（87.56±34.63）h、（88.07±36.24）h和（68.63±29.48）h。无论总有效率或平均止泻时间,治疗组与对照组相比,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）,而又以D组疗效最好,与B组或C组相比,差异均有显著性（P均〈0.05）。结论思连康联合思密达治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的疗效肯定,值得临床推广使用。     

布拉酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎53例临床研究

目的：探讨布拉酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效。方法：103例患儿随机分为两组,对照组给予静滴病毒唑,口服思密达。治疗组在此基础上口服布拉酵母菌。＜1岁,一日3次,每次1／3袋;＜3岁;一日3次,每次1／2袋。结果：治疗组的总有效率为92．5％,对照组的总有效率为78％,在退热、止泻、总疗程方面治疗组与对照组差异均有 显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：布拉酵母菌对小儿轮状病毒肠炎有良好的疗效。     

酪酸菌制剂治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻30例临床观察

婴幼儿秋季腹泻是小儿常见的急性腹泻病,其主要致病病原体是轮状病毒。在轮状病毒肠炎治疗上,目前尚无特效药物。为了开拓轮状病毒肠炎新的治疗方法,我院在轮状病毒肠炎流行期间采用酪酸菌制剂治疗秋季腹泻３０例,其中显效２１例,有效７例,总有效率９３３％。结果显示微生态制剂是轮状病毒肠炎理想的治疗药物,为轮状病毒肠炎治疗提供新的治疗方法。     

利水健脾解毒汤灌肠联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的探讨利水健脾解毒汤灌肠联合酪酸梭菌活菌散口服治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的临床疗效。方法将82例的患轮状病毒肠炎婴幼儿随机分为治疗组42例与对照组40例,两组患儿均给予常规治疗,治疗组给予利水健脾解毒汤灌肠及酪酸梭菌活菌散口服,对照组静滴利巴韦林,观察患儿治疗一疗程(3 d)临床疗效和轮状病毒转阴率。结果治疗组总有效率为90.47%,轮状病毒转阴率为71.43%,对照组分别为52.50%、32.50%。治疗组总有效率及轮状病毒转阴率均显著高于对照组(P0.01),2组患儿均未出现不良反应。结论利水健脾解毒汤灌肠及酪酸梭菌活菌散口服治疗婴幼儿轮状毒肠炎疗效显著,安全性高,是治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的有效方法。     

婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎病原检测和治疗

目的了解辽河油田地区秋冬季3岁以下腹泻儿童轮状病毒感染率,观察口服抗轮状病毒免疫球蛋白(抗-HPV IgY)对轮状病毒感染性肠炎的疗效。方法酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测患儿大便轮状病毒抗原阳性者,比较抗．HPV IgY治疗组和常规药物治疗组2组的有效率。结果粪便中轮状病毒抗原检出率为71％,抗-HRV IgY治疗组的3d有效率为82．3％,常规药物治疗组为32．5％。结论轮状病毒感染是婴幼儿秋季腹泻的主要致病微生物,口服抗轮状病毒免疫球蛋白疗效高于常规药物治疗组。     

儿童轮状病毒性肠炎合并惊厥18例临床分析

目的探讨儿童轮状病毒性肠炎合并惊厥的临床特点。方法对2015年2月～2018年1月我院收治的18例轮状病毒性肠炎合并惊厥患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果临床表现:18例患儿一般症状以发热、精神差、烦躁、脱水为主,消化系统症状主要表现为呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等,神经系统症状多表现为头痛、意识障碍、惊厥等。实验室检查:全部患儿的大便轮状病毒检测阳性,脑脊液生化常规均无特殊异常,头颅MRI及脑电图均无异常。治疗与随访:所有患儿均予以对症支持治疗,随访4个月结果显示,患儿具有正常的健康状态及良好的精神运动发育,未见再发惊厥,预后良好。结论轮状病毒性肠炎为目前儿童腹泻的主要原因,临床表现为发热、呕吐、腹泻,少部分患儿合并惊厥;经过补液、止泻、降颅内压、营养神经等治疗后,预后良好,极少存在神经系统后遗症。     

西咪替丁对肠炎患儿炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨西咪替丁对轮状病毒性肠炎患儿炎性因子水平的影响。方法选取2015年3月~2017年3月我院收治的轮状病毒性肠炎患儿104例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各52例,对照组在常规治疗基础上加用利巴韦林治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用利巴韦林联合西咪替丁治疗,比较两组临床疗效和炎性因子改善情况。结果治疗组的临床总有效率为94.44%,明显高于对照组的85.19%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后炎性因子水平均明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05);而且治疗后两组患儿的炎性因子水平比较,治疗组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论西咪替丁可明显降低轮状病毒性肠炎患儿炎性因子水平,改善患儿临床症状,提高临床治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗婴幼儿迁延性、慢性腹泻随机对照研究

目的评价金双歧治疗婴幼儿迁延性、慢性腹泻的临床疗效和安全性.方法采用双盲法,将78例迁延性、慢性腹泻患儿随机分成金双歧组40例和思密达组38例,金双歧组剂量:＜1岁,0.5 g/次,2次/d;1～3岁,1.0 g/次,2次/d,口服.思密达组剂量:＜1岁,1.0 g/次,3次/d;1～3岁,1.5 g/次,3次/d,口服.疗程为3～5 d,比较2者疗效差异的显著性.结果金双歧组与思密达组比较组疗效差异有显著性,金双歧在改善临床症状,缩短病程方面优于思密达组.金双歧对菌群失调、霉菌感染及轮状病毒性腹泻有较好的疗效.2组均无明显毒副作用.结论金双歧是治疗迁延性、慢性腹泻有效和安全的药物.     

布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散对轮状病毒肠炎患儿细胞免疫功能的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散对轮状病毒肠炎患儿细胞免疫功能的影响及疗效。方法76例婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以补液、抗病毒、纠正水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用布拉酵母菌散剂和蒙脱石散治疗,对照组患儿予以单纯的蒙脱石散治疗。观察两组患儿治疗后临床疗效及不良反应,并比较两组患者治疗后1个月T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果治疗72h后,观察组患儿的临床总有效率为94．74％,明显高于对照组的78．95％（χ2=4．15,P〈0．05）,两组患儿治疗中未发现明显药物不良反应。治疗后1个月,观察组患儿CD4＋及CD4＋／CD8＋比值较治疗前明显上升,CD8＋较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．05）。而对照组患儿治疗前后CD4＋、CD8＋、CD4＋／CD8＋比值无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎具有较好的疗效,安全性较好,与增强患儿的细胞免疫功能密切相关。     

Adult diarrhea rotavirus in Jilin, China

In May 1986, an outbreak of epidemic acute diarrhea occurred in one city and three counties in Yanbian area. The diarrheal cases were seen in all age groups, the majority of the cases were seen in adult age group. No bacterial pathogens were isolated in 22 fecal samples examined, however rotavirus like particles of 52-68 nm in diameter were found in 50% (11/22) of fecal samples by the immunoelectron microscopy using convalescent sera. Examination by the adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) ELISA kit showed positive reaction in 86% (6/7) of fecal extracts, however in all 22 fecal extracts examination using ELISA kit for detection of group A rotavirus showed negative reaction. The PAGE patterns of viral RNAs similar to those of ADRV were seen in 13 out of 22 fecal extracts. The detection rate by PAGE analysis was 59%. Based on the above data, the etiological agent of the epidemic acute diarrhea, which occurred in Yanbian area, was identified to be ADRV.     

Evaluation of cytotoxic activity in fecal filtrates from patients with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli enteritis

We sought to determine the prevalence of cytotoxic activity in fecal filtrates from persons with C. jejuni or C. coli enteritis. Stool specimens were collected from 20 persons with C. jejuni or C. coli enteritis, 20 persons with acute diarrheal illnesses of other causes, and 9 healthy, asymptomatic persons. Fecal filtrates were then incubated with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or HeLa cells. The fecal filtrate from 1 of the 20 (5%) persons with Campylobacter enteritis was cytotoxic for HeLa cells at a titer of 1:40, and 10 (50%) were cytotoxic for CHO cells at maximum titers of 1:20. Cytotoxic activity for CHO cells at a median titer of 1:20 was also present in 40% of the fecal filtrates from persons with diarrhea due to causes other than Campylobacter enteritis, and in 33% of filtrates from healthy, asymptomatic persons. The observed low level of cytotoxicity in fecal filtrates from all patient groups studied likely resulted from non-specific factors, unrelated to the pathogenesis of Campylobacter enteritis.     

Dientamoeba fragilis and dientamoebiasis: aspects of clinical parasitology and laboratory diagnosis

The flagellate Dientamoeba fragilis is a potential intestinal pathogen of humans. It is probably undervalued overall because its identification relies on permanent stains directly on fresh fecal specimens (Giemsa) or preserved in PVA or SAF (Trichrome or Iron-hematoxylin). During 1999 we processed stoll samples of 151 subjects and we searched also D. fragilis. We processed 105 cases of enteritis (82 children and 23 adults) and 46 samples of formed stools to investigate only for intestinal parasites (12 children and 34 adults). The microscopical observations were made on smears directly in saline solution, and after Dobell solution, MIF and Giemsa stained. Iron hematoxylin and trichrome stains were performed in some circumstances only. D. fragilis was observed in 11.3% of cases, 7.6% among the group of enteritis and 13.8% among the other subjects. These positive 17 cases were observed more often among adults (76.5% of cases) than among children (23.5%). In our study area D. fragilis seems more frequent than Giardia intestinalis and represents the third important intestinal parasite, following Enterobius vermicularis (children) and Strongyloides stercoralis (elders).     

Enterotoxin gene content in Staphylococcus aureus from the human intestinal tract

Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with staphylococcal food poisoning, which in a number of patients is accompanied by gastroenteritis. It has also been found to persist asymptomatically in the human intestinal tract, being considered one of the sources of pathogen transmission to manually handled food. However, very little is known about the incidence and enterotoxigenicity of intestinal S. aureus not associated with enteritis. There are practically no data on the frequency of some enterotoxin genes in intestinal S. aureus . Six thousand six hundred and twenty-one fecal swabs from 6-month- to 8-year-old children were analyzed for S. aureus . Growth of S. aureus was found in 347 samples. Two hundred and eight S. aureus isolates (4.2% of 4900 swabs) were from patients with sporadic enteritis and 139 isolates (8% of 1721 swabs) from patients who did not develop diarrhea during hospitalization. The genes encoding 16 members of the enterotoxin family ( sea-see, seg-selp , and selu ) and tst were present in 174 (83%) S. aureus isolates accompanying enteritis and in 101 (72%) isolates derived from patients with no enteritis symptoms. The genes of the classical enterotoxins ( sea-see ) and tst were present in 56% and 59% of the enteritis-associated and nonenteritic isolates, respectively.     

Rotavirus and adenovirus in Rondônia

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. Viral gastroenteritis is a global problem in infants and young children. In this study the incidence of diarrhea was assessed in 877 hospitalized children under five years old, over a period of 24 months and distributed in 470 cases of diarrhea and 407 age-matched group with other pathologies, as control group. Two antigen detection techniques based on enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and latex particles were used for detection of rotavirus and adenovirus. Rotavirus A was a major cause of gastroenteritis with 23.6% of cases, being 90% of these cases in young children. Adenovirus infections was detected by EIA with frequency of 6.4%. Rotavirus and adenovirus were detected in 10.1 and 1.7% of stools from control group, respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of the youngest children in the control group excreting Rotavirus A was comparable to that detected in stools from diarrheic children. We cannot rule out the existence of other enteric viruses because the etiology of 171 cases of diarrhea was not determined and active search for astrovirus and calicivirus was not done. This is the first study that shows the presence of enteric viruses in the infantile population from Western Brazilian Amazonia and it was important to help physicians in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis.     

微生态制剂“培菲康”治疗小儿感染性腹泻及便秘100例临床研究

培菲康为双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、粪链球菌组成的人体肠道微生态活菌制剂,本文采用此制剂治疗小儿菌痢２２例,有效率８１．８２％;小儿肠炎４７例,有效率８６．６％;便秘３１例,有效率达８７．１％。全部１００例,总有效率为８６％。所有病例未用抗菌药物。本文对微生态药物培菲康的药理作用及特点进行了讨论。     

喜炎平注射液联合利巴韦林治疗80例小儿病毒性发热临床疗效分析

目的：探讨喜炎平注射液联合利巴韦林治疗小儿病毒性肺炎和小儿病毒性肠炎伴发热患儿的临床治疗效果及应用价值。方法：选择我院儿科2012年1月-2013年1月收治的小儿病毒性肺炎和小儿病毒性肠炎惠儿80例,所有患儿伴有不同程度的发热,将所有患儿随机分为2组,对照组40例给予单纯利巴韦林治疗,观察组40例在给予利巴韦林治疗的基础上给予患儿喜炎平注射液治疗,比较两种治疗方案对病毒性肺炎和病毒性肠炎的治疗效果及两组小儿的退热时间及住院时间。结果：观察组患儿病毒性肺炎和病毒性肠炎的治疗有效率分别为96％、93．33％明显高于对照组患儿70．83％和62．50％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组患儿退热时间及住院时间均短于对照组,经统计学分析比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：采用喜炎平注射液联合利巴韦林治疗小儿病毒性肺炎和小儿病毒性肠炎伴发热疗效显著,能够缩短退热时间和住院时间,值得在临床大力推广使用。     

食源性相关腹泻肠炎沙门菌感染抗菌药物敏感性

目的了解食源性相关腹泻非伤寒沙门菌感染的菌种分布及其对抗菌药物敏感性,为控制该类细菌的感染及传播提供技术支持。方法对2015-2017年本系统2家社区卫生服务中心就诊的食源性相关腹泻患者粪便(或肛拭子)标本采用直接分离与增菌分离相结合的方法常规培养分离获得42株沙门菌;采用血清凝集法进行快速血清分型,并进行自动化生化鉴定及抗菌药物敏感性试验;通过现况调查进行流行病学危险因素分析。结果自动化生化鉴定结果能够覆盖常规血清学快速鉴定结果,同属沙门菌群;42株沙门菌以肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和斯坦利沙门菌为主,其中肠炎沙门菌占全部菌株的23.81%,鼠伤寒沙门菌占19.06%,斯坦利沙门菌占14.29%;其中肠炎沙门菌可对氟喹诺酮类、三四代头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类等敏感(敏感率可达97.00%以上),而对氨基糖苷类可产生双向耐药。通过现况调查,发现患者有腹痛、腹泻等胃肠道症状,可伴有发热,所有患者48h内有可疑食物暴露史,无水源性案例,均为散发。结论菌种鉴定应以常规快速血清学凝集结果为准,自动化生化鉴定仅供参考,并将鉴定菌种与药敏报告相关联,可根据药敏结果合理选用敏感抗菌药物;应对社区居民开展针对性的健康宣教。