正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖提取工艺

采用正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖的提取工艺,以诃子多糖的提取率为指标,以固液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数为因素,正交试验初步筛选工艺参数,响应面法做进一步优化.结果表明,多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为固液比1∶28,提取温度69℃,提取时间1h,提取次数3次,各项指标相对误差均小于2%,应用响应面法可减少诃子多糖提取时间.     

Optimization of extraction technology of total flavonoids from toots of chenopodium glaucum (L.)using response surface methology

采用响应面法优化微波提取藜根黄酮的条件.在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、微波提取时间、液料比为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合进行3因素3水平的试验设计,以藜根黄酮得率为响应值,进行响应面分析.结果表明,微波提取藜根黄酮的最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数70％、液料比16:1、微波功率500W、微波时间6min.在此优化工艺下藜根黄酮的得率为0.80％,即8.0mg/g.     

正交试验与响应面法优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺研究（英文）

为了获得微波提取地黄多糖的最佳条件,采用正交试验法和响应面法分别优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺,以地黄多糖得率为指标,采用微波提取地黄多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定地黄多糖的含量,以微波提取时间、提取温度和料液比进行三因素分析,根据单因素试验结果设计正交试验和响应面试验,进一步优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺。微波提取地黄多糖工艺通过正交试验法优化的结果表明,最佳条件为微波提取时间150 s,提取温度80℃,料液比1 g∶10 mL,该条件下的地黄多糖得率为72.10%。响应面法优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺的结果表明,修正后的最佳工艺条件为微波提取时间137 s,提取温度89℃,料液比1 g∶8 mL,该条件下的地黄多糖得率为74.41%。经过两种优化方法的比较,响应面法适合优化微波提取地黄多糖工艺,能够有效提高地黄多糖得率。     

响应面法优化黄芪多糖的提取工艺研究

为优化对黄芪多糖提取工艺.根据单因素实验结果,选取实验因素与水平,根据Box - Benhnken的试验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,以获得多元二次线性回归方程,以多糖得率为响应值的响应面和等高线.结果表明,提取黄芪多糖最佳工艺条件:料水比1:13,提取温度94 ℃,提取时间64 min.在此条件下,黄芪多...     

响应面法优化蒙药瞿麦中总生物碱提取工艺研究

研究了响应面法优化蒙药瞿麦总生物碱的最佳提取工艺。采用紫外-可见分光光度法,以总生物碱含量作为评价指标,用Box-Behnken响应面设计考察各因素对其影响,对结果进行二项式拟合及响应曲面分析得到最佳提取工艺。结果表明:蒙药瞿麦中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为超声温度53℃,料液比1∶31 g/mL,超声时间41 min,超声功率140 W。四因素影响顺序为料液比超声温度超声功率超声时间。此方法简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确可靠,优化后的提取工艺稳定可行,且具有提取率高、提取时间短等优点,对今后的科研工作有一定参考价值。     

响应面法优化苦槛蓝总生物碱提取工艺研究

结合单因素试验和响应面法优化苦槛蓝总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件,并对其抑菌活性进行研究。以苦参碱为对照品,采用酸性染料比色法,以总生物碱含量为指标,分别考察乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间和料液比4个因素对醇提法提取苦槛蓝总生物碱的影响,在此基础上通过Box-Behnken设计-响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,并进行验证。并检测其大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。苦槛蓝总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数86.18%、提取温度75.42℃、提取时间2.622h、料液比0.080。验证实验下总生物碱提取率为(0.400 6±0.009 2)%,与模型结果接近。苦槛蓝提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径达到33.17±0.53mm,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌直径达到32.62±0.19mm。Box-Behnken设计响应面法能够有效地优化苦槛蓝总生物碱的提取工艺,并且苦槛蓝总生物碱提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果,这为苦槛蓝生物碱类化学成分的分离及其药理活性的深入研究提供了实验依据。     

响应面法优化红枣中硒的提取工艺及HPLC测定

探讨研究红枣中微量硒的提取工艺。采用响应面法中的Box-Behnken试验设计原理选取试验因素与水平,对红枣中硒的提取率有影响的料液比、消化液配比和消化时间3个因素进行优化.试验结果表明:硒的最佳提取工艺参数料液比为1∶12.56(g/mL)、消化液配比为1∶3.6、消化时间为137.2min;在此条件下,红枣中硒的提取率为0.294μg/g.该研究为从食品中提取检测微量硒提供了可行的手段.具有一定的实用价值.     

正交设计与响应面优化玄参黄酮提取工艺研究

以玄参总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素实验分析的基础上,采用正交设计和响应面法对比研究不同溶剂与溶剂体积分数、微波功率、提取时间及液固比等因素对玄参总黄酮提取的影响.2种实验优化方法所得玄参总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件:固定微波功率值为500W;乙醇体积分数为60%或60.37%;提取时间为10或11.17min;液固比30∶1或31.39∶1m L/g,验证实验总黄酮提取率为1.107%~1.192%.2种优化方法所得结论基本一致,正交设计实验次数少,响应面法更精确,预测能力更强,适用范围更广.     

基于响应面法优化油菜籽饼粕缓蚀剂的提取制备工艺

采用响应面法以油菜籽饼粕缓蚀剂(RMI)的提取率Y和200 mg·L^-1 RMI在H₂SO₄溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀率η_w为响应值,优化RMI的提取工艺。结果表明,液料比、提取剂浓度、回流温度3个因素对RMI的Y和η_w有显著的影响。通过分析预测得到最优提取工艺参数为液料比为41.59:1、提取剂浓度为43.61%、回流温度为76.89℃时,7与η_w均达到最高值,分别为:17.40%、88.50%。验证最佳提取工艺参数(液料比40:1、提取剂浓度40%、回流温度75℃),得到RMI的Y=17.09%和η_w=88.35%,与模型预测值高度接近。则采用响应面法对RMI的提取制备工艺参数进行优化得到的结果合理可行。     

葵花籽粕蛋白质、绿原酸分步提取工艺参数优化

在单因素试验的基础上,选取NaCl浓度、提取温度、料液比为自变量,以蛋白质提取率为响应值;选取乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比为自变量,以绿原酸的提取率为响应值,利用响应面法对葵花籽粕蛋白质、绿原酸的提取工艺进行优化,得到回归方程的预测模型。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:蛋白质NaCl浓度1.51mol/L、液料比1∶12.88(g/mL)、提取温度60.27℃;绿原酸乙醇体积分数56.07%、液料比1∶16.03(g/mL)、提取时间47.06min.在此条件下,葵花籽粕蛋白质和绿原酸的提取率分别为36.64%和2.73%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.