JJG 1002-2005旋转黏度计计量检定规程存在的问题探讨

对JJG 1002-2005旋转黏度计计量检定规程存在的问题进行探讨,指出该规程不适合血液黏度计的检定,应重新制订血液黏度计计量检定规程或计量校准规范,以适应医学临床需要.     

计量数据自动化处理技巧实例分析

利用Excel软件自带函数组合运算配合软件自带特殊功能,实现数据的高效处理。通过几种常见化学计量仪器在检定过程中数据处理案例如石油密度计检定、酸度计判级、酒精计修正值查找、毛细管黏度计异常数据剔除等,分别介绍了数据自动修约、自动判定仪器级别、快速查询修正值以及快速筛除异常数据的方法。该方法可用于计量数据自动化处理,提高计量人员的工作效率。     

基于安德雷德通式的旋转黏度计校准方法研究与应用

基于安德雷德通式提出两种旋转黏度计校准方法:安德雷德通式运用法和标准黏度液定值数据拟合法。经过实验验证,安德雷德通式运用法得到旋转黏度计计算黏度示值同实测黏度示值的相对误差在±1%之内;标准黏度液定值数据拟合法得到的旋转黏度计计算修正系数同实测修正系数的相对误差为0.2%~0.4%。安德雷德通式运用法和标准黏度液定值数据拟合法在实际旋转黏度计校准工作中可行,可以提高校准效率。     

旋转黏度计常数检定温度和使用温度不同对测量结果的影响

旋转黏度计的检定方法是在标准黏度液定值温度下,用相对法标定黏度计常数或转子常数,黏度计常数或转子常数与转子的几何尺寸有关,仪器在不同温度下使用时,转子的几何尺寸会发生变化,为此笔者就非检定温度下使用仪器时,黏度计常数或转子常数因转筒几何尺寸的改变对测量结果产生的影响进行了探讨。     

密度检定液配制及注意事项

根据密度计的工作和检定原理,介绍各种密度检定液的配制方法及注意事项。针对硫酸氢乙酯检定液难以配制问题,着重介绍了检定液的配制过程,通过对不同浓度酒精液配制的硫酸氢乙酯校准密度计的比较实验,说明了不同体积分数酒精液配制的硫酸氢乙酯对校准结果的影响。     

冶金分析仪器检定/校准中若干问题的探讨

对冶金分析仪器检定/校准中若干问题进行了探讨,包括计量标准、示值误差异常值的判断、不确定度、检定/校准项目、元素和测量范围等。计量人员用标准物质检定/校准仪器可以保证仪器测量结果的溯源,而实验室"自检定/自校准"不具备溯源性;示值误差的测量次数和测量数据的一致性需要利用统计规则进行判断,而不能直接取平均值作为测量结果;进行检定/校准结果的不确定度评定时,重复性引入的不确定度分量可以预先评估,评定检出限不确定度意义不大,实验室在进行一次测量时,一定程度上可以直接引用校准证书上的不确定度。校准的项目、元素和范围超出检定规程或者校准规范的要求时,计量机构需要进行方法确认及不确定度的评定。     

化学测量仪器检定/校准有关问题的探讨

介绍了化学测量仪器的分类、特点、检定/校准的必要性及化学计量检定/校准的现状,分析了化学计量标准的特点,探讨了化学计量最高标准的划定和考核的有关问题。     

质检总局发布多项仪器校准规范/检定规程

正前不久,质检总局发布《动态压力标准器检定规程》等58个国家计量技术规范,涉及多项仪器校准规范/检定规程:平板电泳仪校准规范、PM2.5质量浓度测量仪校准规范、流式细胞仪校准规范、全自动微生物定量分析仪校准规范、汽     

自动校准型pH计电计输入阻抗引起的示值误差检定方法的探讨

由于一些自动校准型pH计设置的校准点与计量检定规程要求的pH 7(或电计等电位值)无法对应,探讨了用pH 6.86点代替pH 7点,解决了电计输入阻抗引起的示值误差无法按照计量检定规程要求进行检定的问题。通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

定碳定硫分析仪检定规程的探讨和修订建议

JJG 395–1997《定碳定硫分析仪检定规程》中的部分技术要求和检定项目已不能满足现代碳硫分析仪器检定/校准的要求。对规程的适用性、称量稳定性、示值误差、标准物质、重复性、分析时间等进行了探讨,并给出了修订建议。探讨了评定仪器检测空白的可能性,提出了依据碳硫测定基准国标方法的仪器检定/校准方法,以评定不同用途的测试仪器,并扩展了仪器检定/校准的范围。为计量部门修订规程提供参考,同时也为实验室合理评价,验收碳硫分析仪,及时掌握仪器的运行状况,保证分析数据的准确性、一致性和溯源性提供借鉴。     

Evaluation of a microHPLC system dedictaed to packed capillary column liquid chromatography

Miniaturization and optimization of the solvent delivery system, mixing device, and detection system for gradient elution at few μl/min is the most important objective of instrumental development in microHPLC using packed capillary columns. Instrumental solutions and evaluation of the performence of a dedicated system for automatic gradient elution with packed capillary columns are reported. Retention time precision shown buy the system results in an RSD of 0.20–0.52% for a PAH model mixture eluted under gradient conditions at few μl/min. Compositional accuracy of gradient profiles is also demonstrated.     

Automatic calibration in capillary electrophoresis

A direct, completely automated calibration procedure in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. The manual calibration operations involved in analytical methods, such as external calibration, standard addition, and internal standard, were accomplished with a continuous flow system (CFS) coupled to commercial capillary electrophoresis equipment via a programmable arm. The system was managed by the proper CE microprocessor and allowed automatic calibration and direct quantification of the analytes in the sample without any manual pretreatment, therefore avoiding or minimizing manually associated errors. The whole system including peristaltic pumps and the programmable arm was connected via an electronic interface and completely controlled by a computer using a program written in GW-BASIC. The potential of this new CFS-CE arrangement was assessed by applying it to samples containing selected compounds.     

Sequential injection-capillary immunoassay system for determination of sialoglycoconjugates

An automatic immunoassay system for an assay of sialoglycoconjugates was developed based on the sequential injection technique. A cost effective plain glass capillary tube was used as a solid surface for immobilization of biomolecules via a simple physical adsorption which is adequate to tolerate the force of solution flowing through the capillary during the multi-steps immunoassay process. Immunoassay could be performed with many improvements—rapidity per sample as compared to the conventional micro-plate format (40 min vs. 5-8 h); lower cost and simpler as compared to fused silica capillary with covalent immobilization; and without problem of back pressure as compared to flow injection-bead based immunoassay. Performance of the sequential injection-capillary immunoassay was demonstrated by assay of sialoglycoconjugates level in human serum to differentiate cancer patients from healthy people.     

螺旋通道微流控PCR芯片连续自动扩增DNA片段的研究

研制了由内向外流动的螺旋通道微流控PCR玻璃芯片,减少了PCR反应液在微通道中流动时的分散和阻力;讨论了扩增循环数和进样速度对长片段基因扩增的影响,在26min内成功扩增了质量浓度仅为10ng/mL的6012bpλ-DNA;通过将小孔径石英毛细管作为顺序注射(SI)系统的连接管路,使其死体积降到0.30μL.实现了微升级样品的自动换样、连续PCR扩增和微通道洗涤等功能.样品间无交叉污染.每小时可扩增500bpλ-DNA试样7个.扩增产物片段大小和荧光强度的相对标准偏差分别为0.4%和6.7%.     

Simultaneous detection of total and halogenated hydrocarbons in complex environmental samples

A state-of-the-art gas chromatographic system for automatic simultaneous detection of halogenated and normal hydrocarbons has been developed, which consists of a standard Hewlett-Packard 5880 with a fused silica capillary column, whose effluent is split between the standard flame ionization detector and a Tracor Hall electroconductivity detector. The system provedes excellent capillary chromatography results and high sensitivity for halogenated compounds (a detection limit of 1 ppm Archlor 1254 in fuel oil). Reliability has been provides in the daily analysis of complex environmental samples. Emergency response cleanup and the containment of hazardous chemical spills and chemical dump sites forces one to deal with samples that are very complex. The contain large numbers of naturally occurring organic compounds and varying types of organic pollutants. Capillary chromatographic techniques of gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses are necessary to achieve the resolution required for the analysis of these samples.     

Multipurpose cold injector for high resolution gas chromatography

The multipurpose cold injector described in this paper represents a solution for an universal sampling system for high resolution gas chromatography. The system is modular and is built around the Carlo Erba cold on-column injector provided with secondary cooling. An auxiliary module, easily fixable on the bottom of the on-column injector, creates a temperature programmable vaporizing chamber making the system also suitable for cold split-splitless injections or solvent venting prior to the sample transfer into the capillary. The system can be operated manually or in a fully automatic mode using the auto-sampler for cold on-column injections. The experimental data illustrate its benefits and limitations.     

Analysis of volatile fatty acids in biological specimens by capillary gas chromatography

A method was developed to analyze and quantitate volatile fatty acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric, and iso-valeric acid from samples of biological origin. A capillary column system including an automatic on-column injection device as well as a precolumn of larger internal diameter than the analytical column was elaborated for this purpose. In order to obtain well resolved and correctly quantifiable chromatographic peaks it turned out to be essential to work under acidic/aqueous conditions. To achieve a better sample transfer into the chromatographic system an organic solvent had to be used together with the aqueous milieu, thus improving wetting properties of the liquid sample plug introduced into the column. Cold on-column injection was applied in order to avoid discrimination of the various acids due to sample splitting and the automatic technique was chosen in view of the large number of samples from biological extractions which had to be analyzed.     

Design, optimisation, and evaluation of a sheath flow interface for automated capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry

A sheath-flow capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) system utilizing a fully integrated large-bore stainless-steel emitter electrode tapered at the end for micro-ionspray operation has been developed and evaluated. A separation capillary with an outer diameter of up to 360 microm was inserted into the electrode thus forming a void volume of less than 15 nL between the capillary end and the electrospray ionisation (ESI) tip. The sheath liquid, usually methanol-water (80:20) with 0.1% formic acid for positive ion mode or methanol for negative ion mode, was delivered at 0.5-1.0 microL/min. Unlike previously reported CE-MS interfaces, the CE-MS probe was incorporated directly onto an Applied Biosystems/MDS SCIEX orthogonal-spray Turbo "V" ion source for ease of use and automatic operation. This integration enables fast and facile coupling and replacement of the separation capillary without interrupting the ion source configuration, and the sheath liquid supply. The reusable electrospray electrode was precisely fabricated and aligned with the length of the nebulizing gas tube for improved reproducibility. Automation was achieved through software control of both CE and tandem MS (MS/MS) for unattended batch sample analysis. The system was evaluated for attomole- to low femtomole-level profiling of model peptides and protein mixtures, bisphosphates, as well as antiviral nucleosidic drugs in cellular extracts.     

Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatography

A system for automatic analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatography is described. It is suitable for analysis of volatile compounds in a wide variety of samples, such as water, food products and environmental samples. Possibilities and limitations of the system are evaluated in relation to several parameters. The efficiency of different types of cryogenic trap (open tubular, coated, packed) is also investigated; it depends on purge-flow rate, temperature of trapping, and total purge volume. Examples of the analysis of volatile compounds in foods and water are given.     

Light-emitting diode induced fluorescence (LED-IF) detection design for a pen-shaped cartridge based single capillary electrophoresis system

CGE is a well-established separation technique for the analysis of biologically important molecules such as nucleic acids. The inherent high resolving power, rapid analysis times, excellent detection sensitivity, and quantification capabilities makes this method favorable compared to conventional manual polyacrylamide and agarose slab gel electrophoresis techniques. In this paper we introduce a novel single-channel capillary gel electrophoresis system with LED-induced fluorescence detection also utilizing a compact pen-shaped capillary cartridge design for automatic analysis of samples from a 96-well plate. To evaluate the suitability of the system, 1000 genomic DNA(gDNA) samples were analyzed in gel filled capillaries and detected by the microball ended excitation and emission optical fiber based LED-induced fluorescence detection system. Excellent migration time reproducibility of RSD <0.75% was obtained over the course of 1000 runs. The system rapidly distinguished between intact and degraded gDNA samples, therefore provided important information if they could be used for downstream quantitative PCR processing where high-quality intact gDNA was key. We envision that this novel system design will rapidly find new applications in both research and clinical diagnostic laboratories as a highly sensitive and easy to use bio-analytical approach.