基于WS2量子点材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶的直接电化学及其生物传感研究

采用水热法制备水溶性WS₂量子点（WS₂ QDs）材料,并将该材料进一步用于葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）的有效固定,构建GOx/W₂ QDs/GCE传感界面. 采用透射电镜、紫外-可见光谱和电化学等方法对材料的形貌、GOx的固定化过程,以及传感器的直接电化学和电催化性能进行了表征. 结果表明,WS₂ QDs材料能够有效促进GOx与电极之间的直接电子转移. 并且,基于该传感器对葡萄糖良好的电催化作用,该方法有效实现了对葡萄糖的高灵敏检测,其线性范围为25 ~ 100 μmol·L^-1和100 ~ 600 μmol·L^-1,检测限为5.0 μmol·L^-1（S/N=3）. 该传感器具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性,可用于实际样品血糖的分析测定.     

基于石墨烯/聚半胱氨酸的表面吸附和电化学催化高灵敏检测色氨酸

以氧化石墨烯和半胱氨酸为前驱体,利用循环伏安法还原-聚合构建了还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）/聚半胱氨酸（L-cys）修饰玻碳电极（GCE）(rGO/L-cys/GCE)。研究了色氨酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,基于rGO优异的电子传导性能、强吸附富集及L-cys对色氨酸的催化作用,rGO/L-cys/GCE显著提高了色氨酸检测的灵敏度。最优实验条件下,色氨酸浓度在0.03～10.0μmol/L范围内,峰电流与其浓度呈良好线性关系,检出限为8 nmol/L。将该修饰电极用于香蕉中色氨酸含量的测定,回收率为93.8%～105.0%。该修饰电极构建方法简便且灵敏度高,可用于实际样品测定。     

NiCo_2O_4/还原石墨烯复合修饰电极的制备及电催化检测葡萄糖

采用水热法制备NiCo_2O_4/还原石墨烯(rGO)复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对所制备的材料进行了结构表征。通过对裸玻碳电极、NiCo_2O_4化学修饰电极、NiCo_2O_4/rGO复合修饰电极对葡萄糖的催化效果的比较,发现NiCo_2O_4/rGO复合修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化作用。当葡萄糖的浓度介于1~1 500μmol/L时,其氧化峰电流与浓度具有良好的线性关系(R=0.9995)。检出限(S/N=3)低至0.1μmol/L。该传感器的选择性、重现性和稳定性良好。     

基于电剥离石墨烯传感器伏安法检测杀螟硫磷

以石墨片为原料,在硫酸铵电解液中利用电化学剥离的方法制备了一种石墨烯（eGr）。将该材料修饰到玻碳电极（GCE）表面构建了电化学传感器,利用该传感器探究了杀螟硫磷的电化学行为。对缓冲溶液pH、电极修饰量等实验条件进行了优化。结果表明：该电极具有较大的活性比表面积以及良好的电子转移速度,对杀螟硫磷具有良好的电催化氧化作用。通过线性扫描伏安法检测了杀螟硫磷,其线性响应浓度在1～100μmol/L之间,检出限为70 nmol/L。该传感器可应用于河水中杀螟硫磷的残留分析,回收率为97.2%～100.3%。     

植酸镁基修饰电极的制备及其对双酚A的检测

采用水热法制备了植酸基材料（PAC）和植酸镁基复合材料（PA-Mg）,并用扫描电镜（SEM）, X射线衍射（XRD）, X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对PAC和PA-Mg进行了表征。分别采用循环伏安法（CV）和交流阻抗法（EIS）探究了2种材料的电化学性能,采用微分脉冲伏安法（DPV）探究了2种材料对双酚A(BPA)的响应。结果表明,相比PAC, PA-Mg表现出更优异的电化学性能,分别以PA-Mg和PAC为修饰材料,以玻碳电极（GCE）为基底电极构建PA-Mg/GCE和PAC/GCE。PA-Mg/GCE对BPA的响应电流值是PAC/GCE的2.2倍。PA-Mg/GCE在最佳检测条件下对BPA的线性响应范围为0.8～50μmol/L,检出限为0.1μmol/L,相关系数为0.996。将PA-Mg/GCE用于模拟废水中BPA浓度的测定,加标回收率在92.5%～101.5%之间。     

酶法合成的葡萄糖氧化酶-纳米金复合物的直接电化学与生物传感

将NaAuCl₄、葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）和葡萄糖混合,借一步酶促反应制得吸附GOx的金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）,再通过滴干修饰法研制了Nafion/GOx-AuNPs修饰的玻碳（GC）电极,并考察了该酶电极上GOx的直接电化学和生物传感性能. 这种酶法合成的GOx-AuNPs复合物有良好的酶直接电化学活性,也保持了GOx的生物活性,似可归因于酶法合成的纳米金更接近酶氧化还原活性中心的缘故. 该酶电极在-0.4 V（vs. SCE）电位下,其稳态电流下降与葡萄糖浓度（0.5 4 mmol·L^-1）成正比,检测下限0.2 mol·L^-1.     

苯胺在酪氨酸功能化的玻碳电极表面的聚合及应用——推荐一个综合化学实验

用电化学氧化法将酪氨酸（Tyr）通过C—N键共价键合在玻碳电极（GCE）表面,制备Tyr单层分子功能化的GCE（Tyr/GCE）。用循环伏安法在Tyr/GCE表面对苯胺进行电化学聚合,制备掺杂态聚苯胺（PAN）修饰的GCE（PAN-Tyr/GCE）。由于Tyr对PAN的掺杂作用,使PAN在中性甚至碱性介质中仍有较好的电化学活性,拓宽了聚苯胺的应用范围。用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外光谱（UV-Vis）及电化学方法对所得电极的结构和性能进行了表征。并研究了在中性介质中PAN-Tyr/GCE对抗坏血酸（AA）的电催化氧化。     

基于MOF-199/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料的对乙酰氨基苯酚电化学传感器

基于MOF-199和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)成功构建了对乙酰氨基苯酚(AP)的电化学传感器。通过水热法合成MOF-199,借助超声分散将MWCNTs成功包覆在MOF-199的表面,该MOF-199/MWCNTs复合材料修饰玻碳电极(GCE)具有良好的电化学和电催化性能。结果显示,MOF-199/MWCNTs/GCE修饰电极对AP具有较宽的线性范围(0.1～60μmol/L)和较低的检出限(0.071μmol/L)。此外,MOF-199/MWCNTs/GCE还具有优良的选择性、重现性和稳定性,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于聚锂均苯三甲酸/多壁碳纳米管复合膜的葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

利用电聚合方法在裸玻碳(GC)电极上修饰一种新型金属有机框架化合物锂均苯三甲酸(Li-BTC),并采用滴涂技术制备了Nafion/GOx/MWNTs/poly-Li-BTC/GC葡萄糖生物传感器。利用扫描电镜分析了复合膜(含MWNTs和poly-Li-BTC)的形貌,采用循环伏安和交流阻抗方法对修饰电极的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,此复合膜可增大裸玻碳电极的有效表面积、改善电极的电催化活性。利用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了葡萄糖在Nafion/GOx/MWNTs/poly-Li-BTC/GC电极上的电化学特性。结果表明:葡萄糖的浓度在0.02～1.56 mmol/L范围内,此修饰电极的电流响应与葡萄糖的浓度呈线性关系,其相关系数为0.9992,检出限为5.1μmol/L(信噪比为3∶1)。修饰电极的米氏常数为0.832 mmol/L,回收率为96.3#～100.3#。本研究制备的葡萄糖生物传感器具有较好的重复性、重现性、选择性与稳定性,用于葡萄糖注射液中葡萄糖含量的检测,结果满意。     

基于钴铝水滑石/铁氰化钴的无酶葡萄糖传感器的研究

采用电沉积的方法将铁氰化钴(CoHCF)和钴铝水滑石(CoAl-LDH)共同固载于玻碳电极(GCE)表面构筑CoAl-LDH/CoHCF纳米材料修饰电极,并利用CoAl-LDH和CoHCF两种物质在碱性环境中对葡萄糖的协同电催化氧化作用,将其用于葡萄糖的分析。采用扫描电镜对电化学沉积的CoHCF和CoAlLDH的表面形貌进行了表征,利用X射线能量色散谱(EDS)对电沉积的CoAlLDH/CoHCF复合材料进行了分析。采用循环伏安法(CV)对修饰电极催化氧化葡萄糖的行为进行了研究。利用电流-时间法对CoAl-LDH/GCE,CoHCF/GCE,CoAl-LDH/CoHCF/GCE和裸GCE等4种电极对葡萄糖的催化效果进行了对照。对底液NaOH的浓度和扫速对电极的影响进行了探讨。该传感器对葡萄糖在5.0×10–7~6.46×10–4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性响应,相关系数为0.9996,灵敏度为0.13 A·L·mol-1,检出限(S/N=3)为2.1×10–7mol/L。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.