二价金属离子对含铜水滑石结构稳定性的影响

通过构建不同的二价金属离子(M²⁺=Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺)部分取代铜离子形成CuM₂Al 水滑石(CuM₂Al-LDHs)的周期性模型, 基于密度泛函理论(DFT), 用CASTEP程序模块对周期性模型进行几何全优化和性质计算, 通过分析各体系的结构参数、电子排布、Mulliken 电荷布居、氢键、结合能, 总结出含铜水滑石体系结构的稳定性规律. 计算结果表明: 在CuM₂Al-LDHs 体系中, 主客体间作用力对层板厚度的影响占主要因素; M离子对中心三价铝离子的影响较小, 对二价铜离子的影响较大, 其中价电子均匀排布的M离子对铜的畸变影响小于价电子不均匀排布的M离子. 另外在价电子均匀排布的CuM₂Al-LDHs 体系中, 主客体间的静电作用力和氢键强度逐渐增强. 总体上, 随着M离子周期数的增加, 体系的畸变角增大, 结合能绝对值逐渐减小, 体系的稳定性下降. 价电子不均匀排布的CuCo₂Al-LDHs 体系的稳定性最差. 这有助于从理论上更好地认识含铜水滑石的合成规律.     

层间阴离子对四元水滑石超分子作用力的影响

构建一价阴离子(X=F^?, Cl^?, Br^?, I^?, NO₃^?, OH^?)插层铜锌镁铝四元水滑石(CuZnMgAl-X)周期性计算模型, 采用密度泛函理论(DFT), 选取CASTEP程序模块, 对体系进行几何全优化, 从结合能、结构参数、Mulliken布居、氢键布居、态密度等角度研究了不同层间阴离子的分布形态以及其对主客体间超分子作用的影响. 结果表明, 随着CuZnMgAl-X体系层间阴离子电负性的减弱, 电子逐渐从层间阴离子向层板发生转移, 主客体间静电作用力逐渐减小, 氢键强度逐渐降低, 禁带宽度逐渐变窄, 体系电子更易向高能级发生跃迁, 稳定性逐渐下降. 此外, Cu的掺杂使得CuZnMgAl-X 体系的价带顶向高能量处发生偏移, 禁带宽度较传统水滑石体系更窄,稳定性更低, 进一步解释了含铜水滑石较难合成的原因.     

NiAl类水滑石/皂石层状复合材料的制备及结构表征

以NiAl类水滑石和八面体片阳离子为Zn²⁺的皂石为前体，利用两前体层板带电荷的相反性和层间域离子的可交换性，在室温、常压的温和实验条件下，将带正电荷的类水滑石层板引入到带负电荷的皂石层间，首次合成出了一种新型层状复合材料——NiAl类水滑石/皂石层状复合材料。XRD、DTA、IR和²⁷Al MAS NMR的测试结果表明，类水滑石八面体层板已顺利插层到皂石片层之间，复合材料在c轴方向是单个皂石层板与单个类水滑石层板的交叉堆叠。DTA分析结果还表明，该层状复合材料具有高热稳定性，结构破坏温度高达837 ℃。     

层间水分子含量对铜铁水滑石超分子作用力的影响

构建铜铁水滑石[Cu₃Fe-LDHs-yH₂O(y=0-2)]周期性计算模型, 采用密度泛函理论(DFT), 选取CASTEP程序模块, 对体系进行几何全优化, 从结构参数、氢键布居、Mulliken电荷布居、逐级水合能等角度研究了层间NO₃^-和H₂O的分布形态及其与水滑石(LDHs)层板的超分子作用, 探究了水分子数目对体系姜-泰勒效应的影响. 结果表明, Cu₃Fe-LDHs-yH₂O主客体间存在着较强的超分子作用力, 主要包括氢键和静电作用, 其中氢键作用在水合过程中起主导作用, 氢键强度的顺序是层板-阴离子(L-A)型＞阴离子-水(A-W)型＞层板-水(L-W)型＞水-水(W-W)型; 随着层间水分子数的增加, 层间距先略微降低后显著升高, Cu₃Fe-LDHs体系的Cu—O八面体被逐渐拉长, 层板Cu²⁺的姜-泰勒畸变程度逐渐增大, 体系的逐级水合能绝对值逐渐降低, 说明Cu₃Fe-LDHs的水合程度不会无限增加, 而是具有一个饱和值. Cu₃Fe-LDHs-1H₂O构型接近理想六方晶胞, 层板金属畸变程度最小, 稳定性最高, 层间距与实验值较吻合, 推测其为实验上合成的Cu₃Fe-LDHs较稳定的构型.     

以水滑石及类水滑石为前体的Mg/Al、Co/Al及Co/Mg/Al混合氧化物的合成、表征和异丙醇催化性能

以共沉淀法合成的水滑石(HT)和类水滑石(HTLc)为前体制备了镁铝、钴铝、钴镁铝混合氧化物，采用了BET、XRD、TG-DTA、TPR、FTIR和微量量热吸附及异丙醇催化反应进行了研究。结果表明：以HT和HTLc为前体制备的混合氧化物，其比表面积较大、并随着钴含量的增加而降低。在HT中引入Co²⁺离子后，由于Co²⁺离子的氧化还原属性，削弱了水滑石层对阴离子的键合能力，从而使其热分解温度及热稳定性降低，导至焙烧后生成的混合氧化物的比表面积比不含钴的2Mg/Al混合氧化物的低。在TPR过程中，镁铝混合氧化物不被还原，而含钴的混合氧化物的还原是经由Co³⁺ → Co²⁺ → Co⁰的过程。混合氧化物表面含有酸性位和碱性位，并随着钴含量的变化而得到调变。含钴氧化物样品的表面以L酸为主和含有很少量的B酸。异丙醇催化反应生成丙酮的选择性最高，表明样品表面的氧化还原位是主要的，随着钴的加入及含量的增大，异丙醇催化反应的转化率也是增大的。     

阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石的表面性质研究

采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、吐温-80（Tween-80）及两种表面活性剂复合改性镁铝水滑石,得到SDBS-LDHs,Tween-LDHs及SDBS/Tween-LDHs₃种改性水滑石。利用反相气相色谱法（IGC）对样品进行表面性质的研究,定量计算了表面吸附自由能（ΔG₀）和表面能色散组分（γ_s^d）。结果表明,改性材料的ΔG₀与γ_s^d值均比未处理的镁铝水滑石小,其中阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性后的水滑石的ΔG₀与γ_s^d值最小,说明阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石较单一改性水滑石更有利于提高材料的稳定性。此外,各类水滑石的γ_s^d值均随着温度的升高而减小,因此,在制备聚合物/水滑石类材料时,可以利用提高温度来改善其与聚合物的相容性。     

反相气相色谱法探究铜镁铝水滑石的表面性质

采用共沉淀法合成了Cu_xMg_3-xAl-LDHs (x＝0～3), 利用FTIR 及IGC 法(反相气相色谱法)对合成的样品进行测试和表征, 并结合计算机模拟的结果来探讨铜镁铝水滑石的表面性质. 结果表明, 随 Cu²⁺含量的增加, 铜镁铝水滑石表面吸附自由能及表面能色散组分增加, 稳定性下降, 这可能由于Cu²⁺本身具有的Jahn-Teller 畸变会很大程度地影响层板的稳定性, 导致含铜水滑石体系的稳定性降低; 随着Cu²⁺含量的增加, 水滑石表面碱性先减小后增大.     

超分子结构二氟尼柳插层镁铝水滑石的合成与表征

采用离子交换和共沉淀两种不同方法将二氟尼柳插入镁铝水滑石层间，得到一种新型的有机-无机层状复合材料。通过X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、元素分析和热重-差热等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明，离子交换法和共沉淀法成功地将二氟尼柳插入水滑石，得到的材料层状结构完整、晶相单一，且层间距均大于二氟尼柳分子尺寸，扩大为1.81～2.14 nm；二氟尼柳插入后，复合水滑石材料的热稳定性大幅度提高。客体二氟尼柳与主体层板之间存在超分子作用力，二氟尼柳分子的羧基与水滑石层板之间相互作用，以双层倾斜交替地排列于层板之间。此外，根据其超分子作用力建立了二氟尼柳插层镁铝水滑石的超分子结构模型。     

以水滑石及类水滑石为前体制备的Ni、Mg、Al混合氧化物的合成和表征

采用了BET、XRD、TG-DSC、TPR、FTIR、微量量热吸附和异丙醇催化反应等测试方法，对以共沉淀法合成的水滑石(HT)和类水滑石(HTLcs)为前体制备的4Mg/Al、3Ni/Mg/Al、3.5Ni/0.5Mg/Al和4Ni/Al混合氧化物和前体进行了研究。测定表明：制备的混合氧化物的比表面积较大、随着镍含量的增大而降低。由于Ni²⁺离子的氧化还原属性，Ni²⁺离子进入后，削弱了HT层对阴离子的键合能力，从而使得样品的热分解温度及热稳定性降低，导致焙烧后     

镁铝类水滑石对阳离子染料中性红的吸附及机理研究

研究了镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附及其作用机理,考察了时间、pH、温度、电解质浓度等因素对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。在实验范围内,吸附量随溶液pH的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低,随电解质浓度的增加先增加后降低。吸附过程是放热、熵减小的自发过程。镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附缘于为类水滑石与中性红分子中π电子的较强静电吸引作用。     

M(EDTA)2－ (M＝Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd)电子结构和性质的密度泛函理论研究

在B3LYP/LanL2DZ水平上, 计算研究了Co^2＋, Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋, Cd^2＋与乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)六配位模式下配合物的结构和性质. 除Cu(EDTA)^2－的M—O(5)受Jahn-Teller效应影响明显拉长外, 配位键长M—N(1)和M—O(5)按 Cu^2＋＜Ni^2＋＜Co^2＋＜Zn^2＋＜Cd^2＋的顺序依次增长, 配位键长M—O(3)按Cu^2＋＜Zn^2＋＜Ni^2＋＜Co^2＋＜Cd^2＋的次序依次增长. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 氮、氧的非键电子与金属空轨道的相互作用是配体与金属离子配位的主要作用方式. 通过对N(1)—C(7), N(1)—C(9), N(1)—C(15)键长和NAO键级的分析, 在分子水平上阐明了EDTA在与金属离子配位前后发生首步降解, 其产物存在差异的实验事实. 依据热力学原理并兼顾自洽反应场(SCRF)的IEFPCM模型, 我们设计了金属离子与EDTA在水溶液中的反应途径和热力学循环. 结果表明, 金属离子与EDTA的结合能(即配位稳定性)依次为: Cd^2＋＜Zn^2＋＜Co^2＋＜Ni^2＋＜Cu^2＋, 金属离子的水合吉布斯自由能计算值与实验值大致吻合, 而且上述目标金属配合物的络合吉布斯自由能的递变规律与实验一致. 基于气相优化结构进行了振动频率计算, 并对部分重要的振动峰作了归属指认. 结果表明, 随着配位稳定性的减弱, M(EDTA)^2－具有红外活性的金属敏感性振动峰ν(M—N)和ν(M—O)的峰位依次红移.     

Gas phase and solution state stability of complexes L…M, where M = Cu, Ni, or Zn and L = R−C(O)NHOH (R = H, NH2, CH3, CF3, or Phenyl)

The structure and gas-phase metal affinities (M = Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺) of formohydroxamic acid derivatives R–C(O)NHOH (R = H, NH₂, CH₃, CF₃ and Phenyl) were studied using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method of DFT theory. In order to evaluate the conformational behavior of these systems in water, we carried out CPCM-SCRF optimization calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. The obtained optimized geometries and interaction affinities of the gas and solution phase were compared. The following order of stability was found for ionic complexes of the transition metals: Cu²⁺ > Ni(t)²⁺ > Zn²⁺. The same stability order would be expected according to the Irving–Williams order of stability constants. The high-spin complexes of the Ni²⁺ were more stable than the low-spin complexes. The solvent effect reduced the observed relative stability of individual metallic complexes of substituted hydroxamic acids.     

Dynamically Restructuring NixCryO Electrocatalyst for Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Real Seawater

In the pursuit of long-term stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater, retaining the intrinsic catalytic activity is essential but has remained challenging. Herein, we developed a Ni_xCr_yO electrocatalyst that manifested exceptional OER stability in alkaline condition while improving the activity over time by dynamic self-restructuring. In 1 M KOH, Ni_xCr_yO required overpotentials of only 270 and 320 mV to achieve current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm⁻², respectively, with excellent long-term stability exceeding 475 h at 100 mA cm⁻² and 280 h at 500 mA cm⁻². The combination of electrochemical measurements and in situ studies revealed that leaching and redistribution of Cr during the prolonged electrolysis resulted in increased electrochemically active surface area. This eventually enhanced the catalyst porosity and improved OER activity. Ni_xCr_yO was further applied in real seawater from the Red Sea (without purification, 1 M KOH added), envisaging that the dynamically evolving porosity can offset the adverse active site-blocking effect posed by the seawater impurities. Remarkably, Ni_xCr_yO exhibited stable operation for 2000, 275 and 100 h in seawater at 10, 100 and 500 mA cm⁻², respectively. The proposed catalyst and the mechanistic insights represented a step towards realization of non-noble metal-based direct seawater splitting.     

Inducement of ferromagnetic–metallic phase and magnetoresistance behavior in charged ordered monovalent-doped Pr0.75Na0.25MnO3 manganite by Ni substitution

In this communication, the study on the effect of Ni²⁺ substitution on structural, magnetic and electrical transport properties were performed in Pr_0.75Na_0.25Mn_1-xNi_xO₃ (x = 0–0.10) ceramics synthesized using conventional solid-state method. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all samples were present in single phase and crystallized in orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. Rietveld refinement analysis revealed unit cell volume slight increase with increase Ni concentration, thereby indicating partial substitution of Ni²⁺ at Mn³⁺. The presence majority of Ni²⁺ states in the compound were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum. Tolerance factor calculation suggested that Ni substitution exerted no strong effect on structural distortion. For un-doped sample (x = 0), AC susceptibility (χ′) against temperature (T) curve showed paramagnetic (PM)–antiferromagnetic(AFM) behavior at Neel temperature (T_N) of approximately 170 K. Furthermore, resistivity (ρ) against temperature (T) curve showed an insulating behavior for the whole measured temperature range. The χ′ against T curve of x = 0 sample showed broad peak at approximately 218 K which was attributed to the onset of charge ordered (CO) state. No such broad peak was observed in Ni-substituted samples which indicated the weakening of CO state. Moreover, χ′ measurements exhibited successful inducement of PM–FM transition with Curie temperature (T_C), decreasing from 132 K (x = 0.02) to 92 K (x = 0.08). Electrical resistivity measurement on samples (x = 0.02–0.08) displayed inducement of metal–insulator transition, where transition temperature (T_MI) decreased and resistivity increased, with x before re-entrant insulating behavior at x = 0.10. Notably, upturn resistivity was observed below 40 K for x = 0.06 and 0.08 samples. The suppression of CO state and inducement of ferromagnetic-metallic (FMM) state beginning from x = 0.02 sample was attributed to the reduced degree of Jahn–Teller distortion and Coulomb interaction among Mn ions, as well as the presence of ferromagnetic superexchange (FM SE) interaction among Ni²⁺–O–Mn⁴⁺ which improved the alignment charge carrier spins and induced the double-exchange (DE) interaction among Mn³⁺–O–Mn⁴⁺. The decrease in T_C and T_MI with increased x may be due to the enhanced AFM SE interactions of Mn³⁺–O–Mn³⁺, Mn⁴⁺–O–Mn⁴⁺ and Ni²⁺–O–Ni²⁺ which decreased the FM SE interaction of Ni²⁺–O–Mn⁴⁺. Consequently, the effective DE interaction was decreased. In addition, the decreased metallic behavior and re-entrant insulating behavior for x = 0.10 sample was due to the strong AFM interaction between Ni²⁺ ions which consequently contributed to the suppression of FM SE and DE interactions. The observed upturn resistivity below 40 K for x = 0.06 and 0.08 samples was attributed to the Kondo-like effect which resulted from the interaction between itinerant conduction electron spin and localized spin impurity.     

Interaction of ampicillin with Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions

The interaction of ampicillin with the Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions in aqueous solution at 20°C (supporting electrolyte 0.1 M KNO₃) was studied pH-metrically and spectrophotometrically. In weakly acidic and neutral media, Ni²⁺ forms with the anionic ampicillin species 1: 1 and 1: 2 complexes, whereas Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ form only 1: 1 complexes. The stability constants of the complexes were determined, and their possible structures were discussed.     

2,7-萘二磺酸阴离子导向五元瓜环基超分子自组装体的制备及其荧光检测性能

通过引入2,7-萘二磺酸(2,7-NDA^2-)阴离子作为结构导向剂,与五元瓜环(Q[5])和过渡金属离子(Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺)在水热条件下制备了4种新颖的Q[5]基超分子自组装体(Q[5]-SA),即{[M (H₂O)₄(Q[5])]·(NDA)}·xH₂O (M=Co (1)、Ni (2)、Zn (3))和{[Cd₂Cl₂(H₂O)₄(Q[5])]·(NDA)}·13H₂O (4)。单晶X射线衍射测试结果表明,自组装体1~3同构,其中Q[5]仅一端的部分端口羰基氧原子与金属离子配位形成简单配合物;而4中Q[5]的2个端口均与金属离子Cd²⁺配位形成了一维配位链。在自组装体1~4中,配体2,7-H₂NDA均全脱质子,形成2,7-NDA^2-阴离子平衡体系电荷,但均未能与金属离子配位,而在2,7-NDA^2-阴离子与Q[5]外壁之间的瓜环外壁作用下进一步形成三维超分子结构。此外,还研究了自组装体1和4的荧光传感性能,结果表明它们都能够作为抗生素诺氟沙星(NFX)的比率型荧光探针。     

A New Domain of Reactivity for High‐Valent Dinuclear [M(μ‐O)2M′] Complexes in Oxidation Reactions

The strikingly different reactivity of a series of homo‐ and heterodinuclear [(M^III)(μ‐O)₂(M^III)′]²⁺ (M=Ni; M′=Fe, Co, Ni and M=M′=Co) complexes with β‐diketiminate ligands in electrophilic and nucleophilic oxidation reactions is reported, and can be correlated to the spectroscopic features of the [(M^III)(μ‐O)₂(M^III)′]²⁺ core. In particular, the unprecedented nucleophilic reactivity of the symmetric [Ni^III(μ‐O)₂Ni^III]²⁺ complex and the decay of the asymmetric [Ni^III(μ‐O)₂Co^III]²⁺ core through aromatic hydroxylation reactions represent a new domain for high‐valent bis(μ‐oxido)dimetal reactivity.     

A thermodynamic study of nickel ion interaction with bovine carbonic anhydrase II molecule

A thermodynamic study on the interaction of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) with nickel ions was performed by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 27 °C in Tris buffer solution at pH = 7.5. The enthalpies of Ni²⁺ + CAII interaction are reported and analysed in terms of the new solvation theory. It was indicated that there are three identical and non-cooperative sites for Ni²⁺. The binding of a nickle ion is exothermic with dissociation equilibrium constants of 81.306 and 99.126 μM at 27°C and 37°C, respectively. The binding of nickel ions can cause some changes in the stability of the enzyme at low and high Ni²⁺ concentrations.     

Effect of different dimethylphenols on the interactions with Ni2+-exchanged montmorillonite

The influence of different steric and electronic properties of 2,4-; 2,5-; and 3,5- dimethylphenols (2,4-; 2,5-; and 3,5- DMP, respectively) on Ni²⁺-montmorillonite (Ni²⁺-MMT) (I) were studied. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the observed changes of the basal spacing were due to the intercalation of phenol derivatives into the interlayer space of montmorillonite. The existence of one peak at ~1,633 cm^?1 in the IR spectra of sample Ni²⁺-MMT + 2,4-DMP (II) and Ni²⁺-MMT + 2,5-DMP (III) and shift of this peaks to higher frequency indicate that 2,4-DMP and 2,5-DMP exist in the interlayer space of Ni²⁺-MMT in the protonated form. The two bands at ~1,622 and 1,597 cm^?1 in the sample Ni²⁺-MMT + 3,5-DMP (IV) indicate that 3,5-DMP may be also directly coordinated to Ni²⁺ cations. The different interactions of phenol derivatives in the silicate interlayers will be connected with different position of methyl groups on the phenol ring.