单极X频段小型化天线的设计与互扰仿真

为满足船载测控设备海上标定、校验跟踪参数的需要, 一般采用放信标球的方式,同时为克服信标球在空中随气球旋转给跟踪带来的不利影响,信标天线必须采用组阵方式。由于信标球是一个小球体,安装位置受限,组阵信标天线在满足天线指标的情况下,必须满足小型化和良好互扰性要求。文中设计了一个小型化X频段天线,通过分析比较,最终采用短单极子结构,在垂直方向具有全向性。通过HFSS的仿真和参数参数优化,得到了结构参数和性能参数。通过单个天线性能仿真,以及天线组阵仿真的结果可知,所设计的天线指标上完全满足使用要求,具有天线结构紧凑、易于加工的优点;同时,本文所采用的建模、仿真方法、对其它相关天线设计也有一定的参考价值。     

高功率无移相器自旋转波束扫描天线设计

设计了一种无移相器结构的平板高功率天线,通过辐射层自旋转方式改变口径场相位分布,从而实现空间波束扫描,满足轻质、低剖面集成要求,辐射增益36 dB,波束扫描范围-30°至+30°,GW级功率容量,满足Ku波段工作的系统指标与能力要求。对天线进行了实物加工与测试,测试结果说明该天线具有良好的波束扫描特性和较高的口径辐射效率。无需加载移相馈电网络便可改变波束指向,具有伺服简单,结构紧凑,平面化、低剖面、轻质等优点,可广泛应用于机载、车载、舰载等高功率微波系统的表面共形发射。     

钻孔雷达全向天线的设计与分析

根据钻孔雷达全向天线的设计要求,为减少天线的结构尺寸增加带宽,设计了一种新型电阻加载全向天线。通过理论分析和数值优化,选择了较优的结构尺寸,得到了较佳方向图和带宽。天线外径为65 mm,使用10 mm厚天线罩封装后外径为85 mm;天线的S11小于-10 dB频带为70~260 MHz,带宽约190 MHz。该天线的带宽超过100 MHz,中心频率处增益大于-3 dB,辐射电场脉冲波形拖尾小于主峰幅度1/5,方向图在H面为全向。基于矢量网络分析仪的天线特性测量结果与数值计算结果基本一致,结果表明设计的天线能够满足钻孔测井雷达系统小尺寸宽带的要求。     

同轴线直馈的T2模四臂螺旋全向圆极化天线

基于T2模四臂螺旋,提出一种新型的全向圆极化天线。T2模全向圆极化天线无需采用复杂的馈电网络,而采用同轴线直接馈电,即同轴电缆的内、外导体依次交替馈电至天线的四个螺旋臂,巧妙实现了T2模四臂螺旋的馈电相位要求(0°-180°-0°-180°);为了提高天线的辐射效率,螺旋线采用线宽捷变技术(即螺旋臂的前面部分窄、后面部分宽);为了保持天线的圆极化特性,螺旋线末端加载吸收导线。对天线进行了仿真和测试,两者结果吻合好,天线的实测增益为10.5dBi、轴比为1.3dB,水平圆度为2.3dB。     

低杂波多结波导阵天线耦合特性的数值分析

通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

一种空中辐射场测量用低轴比圆极化天线设计

在进行高功率微波(HPM)空中辐射场测量时,由于来波信号极化角度难以确定和受空中平台姿态影响等因素,普通线极化接收天线难以确保极化匹配,天线的极化失配会进一步降低辐射场参数测量的精确性。为了降低极化失配影响,在梯形微带圆极化单元天线分析设计的基础上,采用四阵元依次旋转90°和依次移相馈电的方式组建了一种低轴比微带圆极化阵列天线,该天线采用功分器和移相器作为馈电网络,天线在9.7 GHz实测增益约为9.4 dB,1 dB波束宽度约17.4°,轴比约0.4 dB。应用该圆极化天线可将极化失配引入的不确定度降低到0.2 dB以下,可满足高功率微波空中辐射场的精确测量需求。     

基于极化旋转超表面的圆极化天线设计

本文通过设计出一种反射型极化旋转超表面,在8—12 GHz频域内实现高效的极化旋转,并将其加载于微带缝隙天线下方构成新型的极化旋转超表面天线,利用超表面的90°极化旋转效应,成功实现了天线的圆极化辐射调制.仿真与实验结果表明:圆极化天线的中心工作频率为GHz,阻抗带宽为8.3—10 GHz.当微带缝隙天线与极化旋转超表面的间距H=4.5mm时,天线在8.3—8.8 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射;当mm时,天线在8.8—9.3 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射;当=8mm时,天线在9.3—10 GHz频带内实现了圆极化辐射.实验结果与仿真结果相符,证明了此种设计方法的有效性,也为微带缝隙天线的圆极化设计提供了一种新的途径.     

机载红外与合成孔径雷达共孔径天线设计

为了满足军事探测环境下复杂、多样化的探测需求,机载探测平台往往集成多个探测系统。共孔径复合作为一种理想的集成方式,在综合各类探测系统优势的基础上,缩减了系统的总体积,减轻了平台负担。本文计算并设计了一种卡塞格林式红外与合成孔径雷达共孔径天线。首先,根据合成孔径雷达指标设计主镜;接着,通过像差系数与非球面参数组成的方程组求解卡塞格林结构;然后,在前端卡塞格林结构、冷阑参数和红外光学系统指标的限制下,利用PW形式的像差公式计算透镜的具体结构。最终得到的雷达天线口径为1.22 m,增益为40.9 dB,红外光学系统焦距为-1 000 mm,全视场角为0.704°,次镜遮拦比小于0.33,在33 lp/mm处各温度区间MTF值大于0.4。所设计共孔径天线的各项指标均满足使用要求。     

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通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

船载C+S频段共面单脉冲天线设计与应用

本文针对船载测控站空间狭小的特点,介绍了一种C+S双频段共面天线的设计。设计时采用了计算机辅助技术,确定了天线反射面和馈源喇叭的形式及相对关系尺寸。并通过仿真计算和实测结果,该天线在两个频段的方向图指标均满足设计要求,达到了天线的小型化和双频段合建目的,满足航天测量船船载设备的使用要求。     

宽带高增益双层硅基MEMS微带天线阵列

针对传统微带天线带宽窄和增益低等问题,设计了一种易与射频（RF）前端集成的硅基微带天线。该天线设计结合MEMS工艺,将高阻硅和低阻硅通过键合工艺形成双层硅基底,来改善微带天线介质基板的等效介电常数,有效增大了天线的带宽。同时通过在地面引入缺陷地结构（DGS）,有效的抑制谐波的产生。在此基础上设计了中心频率为10 Hz,22天线辐射阵列。仿真结果表明,天线相对阻抗带宽达到15.9%,增益超过10.9 dB,比传统微带天线有明显提升,同时满足引信中天线抗干扰的要求。     

基于特征基函数的球面共形微带天线阵列分析

采用全波分析法对球面共形微带天线阵列进行了分析.相比体-面积分方程,采用球并矢格林函数的面积分方程法可以大幅减少未知量的数目,进而缓解计算机内存压力.微带天线阵列表面采用曲面三角形剖分,可较精确地模拟球面特性.首先,引入边界电荷以及半Rao-Wilton-Glisson基函数,成功实现了探针馈电,并采用镜像法解决了馈电边处线积分奇异问题.然后,采用特征基函数法降低了阻抗矩阵的阶数,并采取有效措施进一步节省内存和计算时间.最后,分析计算了不同尺寸的球面共形微带天线阵列的输入阻抗及远区场特性.与文献和仿真软件结果进行比较,证明了所提出的处理方法的正确性和有效性.     

X波段4单元微带天线阵辐照响应

采用时域有限差分法,并结合导体边缘奇异性处理技术,在不降低计算效率的情况下,保证了计算精度,得到了高功率电磁脉冲辐照下X波段4单元微带天线阵的响应。计算结果表明:馈电点最大响应电压峰值由天线阵各阵元接收的入射脉冲在馈电点叠加引起,且天线阵中主要存在与馈电点激励天线阵不同模式的波。响应电压峰值随着入射脉冲波矢量与正z轴夹角的减小而增大,随着入射脉冲波矢量xOy平面投影与正x轴夹角的增大而增大,频谱随着上述两个夹角的增大均向低频转移。     

微带阵列天线的时域散射特性

本文用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)研究了微带阵列天线的时域散射场,分析了入射脉冲极化方向不同以及入射方向不同时的散射场的分布情况;讨论了时域散射场的时域波形以及频谱与微带阵列天线结构的关系;用散射场分离算法讨论了地板对于微带贴片阵列散射场的影响.研究发现,有限大地板的微带阵列天线的散射场主要是由地板的边沿电流产生的,同时微带贴片阵列的谐振频率与入射脉冲的极化方向有关,因此不同的极化方向对应于不同的散射频谱. 关键词： 时域散射 微带天线 FDTD     

Rectangular patch antennas over electromagnetic band gap structures

In this paper, I propose a new design of a defected structure (DS) for use as an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) configuration to enhance the performance of low profile microstrip antennas. The proposed defected structure embodies a honeycomb lattice of cylindrical air holes. The proposed DS is applied to three different configurations using a dielectric substrate (dielectric constant 6 and thickness 1.5 mm); namely: a dielectric substrate backed by a defected ground plane, a defected dielectric substrate backed by a normal substrate and a defected dielectric substrate backed by a defected ground plane. The simulated values of the transmission coefficient S ₂₁ for the last one show two well-defined stop bands around 8.5 and 9.5 GHz, respectively. The first band has been used to reduce mutual coupling in a microstrip array. On the other hand, the stop band defined around 9.5 GHz has been applied to enhance the characteristics of a rectangular patch antenna and improve the operational 10-dB bandwidth.     

Design of Cylindrical Conformal Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antennas with Broad Beamwidth

This paper describes the design of a novel cylindrical millimeter-wave microstrip antenna (MA) with broad beamwidth by means of isotropic transformation (IT). A planar millimeter-wave antenna with broad beamwidth is designed first, and then IT is used to design a conformal one based on the planar structure. In addition, phased array with eight present elements has been designed as an example. Finally, numerical results are given to show that the present antenna possesses broad beamwidth and its array is of large scanning angle, which also verify the validity of the method of IT.     

Excitation of a periodic cylindrical microstrip <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-element antenna array

We consider the problem of excitation of a periodic cylindrical microstrip antenna array which consists of N elements placed periodically in the azimuthal plane on the surface of a dielectric substrate. Each element is an array of M patches having the rectangular-cylindrical shape. Each patch is fed by a rod which is approximately modeled by a charged filament of finite length. An integral equation for the surface current on the patches is formulated and solved by the method of moments in the spatial domain. Far-field patterns of the antenna are calculated for different values of N and M at the resonant frequencies. It is shown that a two-frequency N-lobe antenna having two different far-field patterns at two different resonant frequencies can be developed. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 134–146, February 2007.     

Varactor-tuned gunn diode voltage controlled oscillator antenna array

A simple varactor tuned X-band Gunn diode VCO antenna array which is strongly coupled has been demonstrated. These arrays have the advantages of simple biasing circuit, no resistors required to eliminate multimode problem and suitable for monolithic integration circuit. Preliminary results show a maximum tuning range of 47MHz for 1×1 array and 170MHz for 2×2 array. In order to solve power combining heating problem, we move the backside metal forward and it becomes a microstrip form. The measured frequency and radiation patterns of these grid arrays agree very well with theoretical calculations.     

X波段超宽角扫描相控阵天线设计

为了实现X波段超宽角扫描,提出一种新型的紧耦合阵列天线单元设计,并结合等效电路分析优化天线参数。采用集成式Marchand巴伦馈电,可以实现偶极子与巴伦共基板印刷,进而减小天线的重量与成本。阵列口径上方加载垂直寄生覆层及水平单层电介质板,两者共同作用以改善宽角扫描时阻抗变换。仿真结果表明该天线可实现X波段（8～12 GHz）E面80°、H面70°的扫描角,且有源驻波比小于3。该天线结构简单紧凑,易于加工制作。     

Electromagnetic coupling reduction in dual-band microstrip antenna array using ultra-compact single-negative electric metamaterials for MIMO application

In this paper, an ultra-compact single negative(SNG) electric waveguided metamaterial(WG-MTM) is first investigated and used to reduce the mutual coupling in E H planes of a dual-band microstrip antenna array. The proposed SNG electric WG-MTM unit cell is designed by etching two different symmetrical spiral lines on the ground, and has two stopbands operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz. The circuit size is very compact, which is only λ_0/33.6 ×λ_0/15.1(where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space). Taking advantage of the dual-stopband property of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM, a dual-band microstrip antenna array operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz with very low mutual coupling is designed by embedding a cross shaped array of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM. The measured and simulated results of the designed dual-band antenna array are in good agreement with each other, indicating that the mutual coupling of the fabricated dual-band antenna array realizes 9.8/11.1 d B reductions in the H plane, 8.5/7.9 d B reductions in the E plane at1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz, respectively. Besides, the distance of the antenna elements in the array is only 0.35 λ_0(where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space). The proposed strategy is used for the first time to reduce the mutual coupling in E H planes of the dual-band microstrip antenna array by using ultra-compact SNG electric WG-MTM.