用太赫兹时域光谱法检测沙粒中的微量原油

由于太赫兹波对极性物质有很高的灵敏度，因此可以利用太赫兹时域光谱技术检测沙粒中含有的微量原油。将微量的原油浓度与太赫兹衰减系数之间建立起线性模型。同时引入有效介质理论来证实太赫兹介电常数与原油含量低于200 ppm之间的线性关系。结果表明，太赫兹时域光谱技术可以成为检测沙粒中微量原油泄漏的有效方法。     

玉米油光学参数的太赫兹波精确测定研究

利用太赫兹电磁波时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术对玉米油进行了测量.考虑容器对参数测量的影响,使用传输函数逼近方法来计算分析玉米油的折射率、吸收系数等重要的光学参数.与传统的太赫兹电磁波数值计算方法比较,传输函数逼近方法在分析玉米油的光学参数方面具有很高精度.结果表明,该测量分析方法对植物油品质检测具有重要指导意义. 关键词： 太赫兹时域谱 玉米油 光学参数 吸收系数     

基于衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术的食用油光谱特性研究

食用油是人类营养和能量的重要来源,为人体提供必需的脂肪酸,研究食用油在太赫兹波段光学特性,对食用油成分分析及品质评价具有重要价值。衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种新型的太赫兹时域光谱技术,通过样品与倏逝波的相互作用,获取样品的太赫兹光谱。与透射式或反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,该技术能有效地避免测量食用油等液体样品时样品池对光学参数的影响,并能获得样品的精确光学参数。分别利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术和衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了大豆油的吸收光谱。结果表明,与透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术能更有效地提取大豆油的吸收系数、吸收峰分布等光学特性。进一步利用衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了大豆油、核桃油、葡萄籽油在太赫兹波段的光学特性,获得了三种食用油在1~1.8 THz范围内的折射率谱和吸收光谱。利用密度泛函理论计算了食用油中四种主要成分(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)在太赫兹波段的振动、转动模式,理论计算结果同实验测量结果吻合较好。研究表明,在太赫兹波段食用油的吸收峰与所含脂肪酸分子种类与含量有关,其主要来源为脂肪酸分子的低频振动和转动。研究成果对食用油成分定性定量分析及品质检测等具有指导意义。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术的变压器油低水含量检测

变压器的维护至关重要。变压器油中水含量的检测是变压器维护中很重要的一部分。水在太赫兹频段独特的分子键振动模式使其对太赫兹波具有强烈的吸收性。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对变压器油进行水含量检测,获得了不同水含量变压器油的吸收系数和折射率,结合相关理论模型对获得的参数进行了分析验证。试验结果表明,变压器油的吸收系数和折射率与水含量呈线性关系。     

小麦新陈度的THz快速无损检测研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)测试了4个不同年份储藏的小麦样品,获得4个样品的太赫兹时域光谱,根据实验数据计算不同年份储藏小麦在0.2~1.2THz波段的折射率和吸收系数等光学参数。结果表明,不同年份储藏小麦样品的折射率和吸收系数均存在差异,2011年储存的小麦样品的折射率明显低于其他年份储藏小麦样品,且4个样品的吸收系数都随着频率的增加而增加。该研究为小麦新陈度的检测分析提供了新的实验方法,对进一步进行小麦品质的检测具有指导意义。     

太赫兹波频域的GaAs材料特性

利用返波振荡器(BWO)系统对不同电阻率的GaAs在太赫兹波段的透射谱进行了测试,并对太赫兹波透射谱进行了计算和分析,得到不同电阻率的GaAs材料在太赫兹波0.23～0.375 THz波段范围的折射率、吸收系数和介电常数实部和虚部等光学特性参数。实验结果表明,不同电阻率的GaAs在整个测试太赫兹波频段内的折射率,吸收系数,介电常数实部和虚部均随着电阻率的增加而增加。高电阻率的GaAs材料对太赫兹波的吸收很小,其最小吸收系数可达到3.87×10-4 cm-1。同时也表明采用返波振荡器系统研究分析GaAs在太赫兹波段特性是可行的。研究不同电阻率的GaAs在太赫兹波段的光学特性,对设计高效率太赫兹波天线具有重要意义。     

红薯淀粉中添加剂明矾的定性和定量太赫兹时域光谱技术检测

应用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术对红薯淀粉中的添加剂明矾进行了实验研究,获得了红薯淀粉和明矾的太赫兹时域光谱和频域光谱,通过计算得到二者的吸收系数谱和折射率谱,吸收系数谱显示明矾在太赫兹波段有明显的特征吸收峰,可以用THz-TDS技术对淀粉中的明矾进行特征识别。实验获得了红薯淀粉中掺杂不同百分比(质量分数)明矾的太赫兹时域光谱,计算得到吸收系数谱和折射率谱,发现随着明矾含量的增加吸收峰的幅度下降,折射率逐渐下降,说明THz-TDS技术可以用于淀粉中明矾的定性识别和定量检测。     

利用太赫兹反射式时域光谱系统测量有机溶剂的光学参数

采用太赫兹反射式时域光谱系统,测量了包括正己烷、液状石蜡、无水酒精和水在内的四种有机溶剂的反射式时域光谱,并根据实验模型设计了两种计算方法提取液体样品的光学参数.此外,还将反射算法得到的样品光学参数与透射算法的结果进行比较,验证了反射式系统对应算法结果的正确性,解决了透射系统无法准确测量和提取对太赫兹吸收很强的样品的光...     

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的光学参数提取方法的研究进展

光学参数是宏观上表征材料光学性质的物理量,间接反映了材料的微观特性,对光学参数准确的提取可以研究材料的微观性质和机理。近年来,太赫兹时域光谱技术作为一种新兴的光谱分析手段已经成为研究的热点。由于太赫兹辐射能量低并且脉冲宽度窄(皮秒量级),太赫兹时域光谱技术在提取光学参数方面具有无损伤和高时间分辨率的特点。本文总结了基于太赫兹透射和反射时域光谱技术的光学参数提取方法的研究进展,着重阐述了几种经典方法,分析了每种方法的优缺点,并讨论了太赫兹时域光谱技术用于提取材料光学参数的挑战。研究结果表明,透射法适用于对太赫兹波吸收较弱的物质,而反射法则适用于对太赫兹波有强烈吸收的材料。     

基于光学传输矩阵的太赫兹时域光谱分析

提出了基于光学传输矩阵的提取太赫兹时域光谱光学参数的理论方法。相比于传统的提取主脉冲方法,该方法在未来可以推广用以分析主脉冲与次脉冲无法分辨的太赫兹时域光谱。利用该方法得到了蓝宝石(α-Al2O3)样品在0.3~1.0太赫兹频段的复折射率。通过与利用提取主脉冲方法得到的复折射率的结果比较,验证了基于光学传输矩阵的理论分析方法的可靠性和精确性。所提出的方法为今后主次脉冲无法分辨的太赫兹时域光谱的准确分析提供了坚实的理论基础。     

基于荧光光谱的轻质油乳化物油水比估测研究

海面溢油在其风化迁移过程中,会形成不同溢油乳化物,对海洋环境造成极大危害。科学量化溢油乳化物,有助于溢油污染应急处理和灾损评估。已有对溢油乳化物展开的研究由于缺乏系统的实验数据、理化与光学参数,尚不清楚不同类型油水乳化物的精细光谱响应特征与变化规律,无法给出不同类型溢油乳化物光谱与海水表层油水比的数据关系。通过轻质油乳化物的室内实验,采用激光诱导荧光技术手段,从不同类型,不同表层油水比的溢油乳化物荧光光谱响应差异和变化规律入手,以乳化柴油相关数据作建模样本,乳化煤油相关数据作验证样本,开展统计分析,并分别设计了油包水、水包油两种类型下的表层油水比估测模型。数据处理过程中,为了消除LIF系统本身对接收到的荧光信号强度的影响,利用水的拉曼散射信号对乳化液的荧光信号进行归一化处理,将两者的比值作为后续的分析数据。具体数据研究表明：油包水型乳化溢油的荧光峰值对数和表层含水率对数之间可建立非线性回归模型;水包油型乳化溢油的荧光峰值和表层含水率之间也可建立非线性回归模型。非线性拟合相关系数均在0.9以上,即模型具有较高质量,且模型中的实际系数依赖于不同油种,不同的特征荧光峰。由此可见,不同乳化油种的不同特征荧光峰与表层油水比之间虽具有相同的变化趋势,但变化的程度有所不同。在此基础上,采用参数查找表的方式,建立了轻质油乳化物油水比的估测方法,可根据荧光相对强度最后反演得到表层油水比。该方法在一定程度上可对海面轻质油乳化物实现有效量化,为将来海面溢油乳化物更加实时准确的定量分析提供理论基础和依据, 也为海面溢油污染应急处理提供技术参考,因此具有重要研究意义和实用价值。     

CuS纳米粒子在太赫兹波段的光电性质研究

关键词： 太赫兹 CuS纳米粒子 Lorentz理论 Drude-Smith模型     

Terahertz-dependent evaluation of water content in high-water-cut crude oil using additive-manufactured samplers

The evaluation of water content in crude oil is of significance to petroleum exploration and transportation. Terahertz (THz) waves are sensitive to fluctuations in the dipole moment of water. However, due to the strong absorption of water in the THz range, it is difficult for the THz spectrum to determine high water content with the common sampler. In this research, micron-grade samplers for THz detection were designed and manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Oil-water mixtures with water content from 1.8% to 90.6% were measured with the THz-TDS system using sample cells. In addition, a detailed analysis was performed of the relationships among THz parameters such as signal peak, time delay, and refractive index as well as absorption coefficient and high water content (>60%). Results suggest that the combination of THz spectroscopy and AM technique is effective for water content evaluation in crude oil and can be further applied in the petroleum industry.     

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation on the rheological properties of heavy crude oil

The rheological properties of heavy crude oil have a significant impact on the production, refining and transportation. In this paper, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were performed to study the effects of the addition of light crude oil and emulsification on the rheological properties of heavy crude oil. The simulation results reflected that the addition of light crude oil reduced the viscosity effectively. The shear thinning behaviour of crude oil mixtures were becoming less distinct as the increase of the mass fraction of light crude oil. According to the statistics, the shear had an influence on the aggregation and spatial orientation of asphaltene molecules. In addition, the relationship between the viscosity and the oil mass fraction was investigated in the simulations of emulsion systems. The viscosity increased with the oil mass fraction slowly in oil-in-water emulsions. When the oil mass fraction was higher than 50%, the increase became much faster since systems had been converted into water-in-oil emulsions. The equilibrated morphologies of emulsion systems were shown to illustrate the phase inversion. The surfactant-like feature of asphaltenes was also studied in the simulations.     

Study on dielectric properties of oil/water random composites

Considering the electric double layers between oil and water, a new “complex model” of dielectric constant of oil/water composites was built up. Starting from the Maxwell–Garnett theory and Bruggeman theory, the effective dielectric constant of oil/water random composites is presented. The nonlinearity of the theory is obvious. The model is especially suited to study the dielectric properties of oil/water composites of different nature. The model is also suited to study the dielectric properties of two-phase random composites with an interfacial shell. The theoretical results on dielectric properties of different kinds of oil/water composites are in good agreement with experimental data.     

原油含水率测量的光学计量仪

油井含水率是油田开发过程中的一个重要指标。光纤传感器具有体积小、重量轻、抗干扰能力强、实时、高效、准确等优点,将其应用于石油测井,有利于提高勘探效率。介绍测井应用中原油含水率计量仪的结构,分析了光纤传感器对混合液体含水率测量的基本原理。激光在弯曲光纤中的传输效率随外界混合介质折射率的变化而改变,根据光纤输出光功率的大小可以测量外界混合介质的组成成分。通过数值模拟,给出了光纤传感器中光束强度随混合液体含水率的变化现象,计算得到混合液体中含水率测量结果。结果表明,光纤传感器计量仪能实现0%～100%含水量的连续测量。最后基于数值模拟结果讨论了系统设计中的注意事项。     

Enhanced dielectric constant resolution of thin insulating films by electrostatic force microscopy

Electrostatic force microscopy has been shown to be a useful tool to determine the dielectric constant of insulating films of nanometer thicknesses that play a key role in many electrical, optical and biological phenomena. Previous approaches have made use of simple analytical formulas to analyze the experimental data for thin insulating films deposited directly on a metallic substrate. Here we show that the sensitivity of the EFM signal to changes in the dielectric constant of the thin film can be enhanced by using dielectric substrates with low dielectric constants. We present detailed numerical calculations of the tip-sample electrostatic interaction in the following setup: an insulating thin film, a dielectric substrate (or spacing layer) of known low dielectric constant and a metallic electrode. The EFM sensitivity to the dielectric constant increases with the thickness of the spacing layer and saturates for thicknesses above 100-300 nm, when it is close to that of an infinite medium.     

Spectroscopy of dielectric nanocrystals doped by rare-earth and transition-metal ions

This paper reviews studies on the optical properties of dielectric nanocrystals doped by rare-earth and transition-metal ions. Manifestations of small nanocrystal size in the optical properties of impurity ions are considered. Two types of phenomena are discussed: (i) those associated with modification of the vibrational spectrum of small particles and (ii) those due to the interaction of impurity ions with the medium in which they are embedded.     

Preparation and biomedical application of layer-by-layer encapsulated oil in water magnetic emulsion

Hydrophilic submicron magnetic colloids were prepared via layer-by-layer encapsulation of oil in water (o/w) magnetic emulsions. The encapsulation explored in this work is based on sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto magnetic emulsion. The functionalization was induced by the final polyelectrolyte layer. The elaborated magnetic particles were evaluated in the specific capture of nucleic acids.