同步-异步二维中红外相关谱检测掺假芝麻油

将同步-异步二维中红外相关谱和多维偏最小二乘判别法相结合定性分析掺假芝麻油。分别配置40个纯芝麻油和含有玉米油不同体积分数(3%~60%)的掺假芝麻油样品40个。室温下,分别采集所有样品的常规一维中红外光谱(650~4 000cm-1)。在研究纯芝麻油和掺假芝麻油的一维中红外光谱的基础上,以芝麻油中掺假的玉米油浓度为外扰,进行相关计算,得到同步和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵,并对其进行标准化。分别提取标准化的同步和异步二维中红外相关谱主对角线上部分和下部分元素进行融合,得到同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵。在此基础上,分别基于同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵、同步二维中红外相关谱矩阵和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵建立了三个定性分析掺假芝麻油的多维偏最小二乘判别模型对预测集未知样品进行预测,其识别正确率分别为100%,96.2%和96.2%。结果表明:相对于同步和异步二维中红外相关谱,同步-异步二维中红外相关谱不仅包含了完整的掺假油特征信息,而且剔除了冗余信息,因此能取得更好的判别结果。     

基于FTIR的芝麻油真伪鉴别和掺伪定量分析模型

把低价油掺入到高价油是食用油脂中的常见掺伪现象,芝麻油由于品质好价格高,市场上时有假冒伪劣产品,因此应用FTIR并结合化学计量学,建立了芝麻油的真伪和掺伪的快速分析方法。首先分析了芝麻油与大豆油、葵花籽油在4 000～650 cm-1范围的FTIR谱图,由于食用植物油都是不同脂肪酸甘油三酯的混合物,其谱图极为相似,很难发现芝麻油与其他油脂的明显差异。但是不同食用油的脂肪酸组成不同,其1 800～650 cm-1红外指纹特征区也有所不同,因此可以选择该区域,对红外光谱数据用化学计量学方法进行分类识别。通过建立主成分分析(PCA)和簇类独立软模式识别(SIMCA)模型,进行了芝麻油的真伪鉴别,该模型聚类效果较为理想,识别正确率达到了100％;采用标准正态化校正(SNV)和偏最小二乘法(PLS),经过PCA分析计算,芝麻油中掺入大豆油、葵花籽油的掺伪检测限均为10%;利用FTIR和PLS,建立了芝麻油掺的定量分析模型,该模型预测值与实际值有着良好的对应关系,预测相对误差为-6.87％～8.07％之间,说明定量模型可行。本方法能够实现芝麻油的快速真伪鉴别和掺伪定量分析,其优点是模型一旦建立,分析简便、快速,可以满足大量样品的日常监测。     

Analysis of Argan Oil Adulteration Using Infrared Spectroscopy

The determination of argan oil adulteration by other vegetable oils is a real analytical challenge. The authentication of argan oil needs fast and simple analytical techniques for quality control and testing. This study focuses on the detection and quantification of argan oil adulteration with different edible oils, using midinfrared spectroscopy with chemometrics. Chemometric treatment of MIR spectra has been assessed for the classification and quantification of argan oil adulteration with sunflower or soybean oils. The potential of MID spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression (PLS) as a rapid analytical technique for the quantitative determination of adulterants in argan oil has been demonstrated. A PLS model has been established to predict the concentration of soybean and sunflower oil as adulterants in the calibration range between 0% and 30% (w/w) in argan oil with good prediction performances in the external validation.     

基于高效分离不皂化物的傅里叶红外光谱结合化学计量学鉴定芝麻油

芝麻油是日常生活中常用食用油之一,掺假芝麻油会导致严重的健康问题。研究芝麻油鉴定方法是非常重要的。皂化植物油提取不皂化物是食用油鉴定的经济方法之一,现有植物油皂化方法需要较长时间,较高的温度,且不皂化物提取过程非常繁琐。采用超声技术替代常规回流加热法,提高了皂化效率,皂化时间缩短至10分钟,在此基础上采用专用固相萃取（SPE）小柱快速分离不皂化物。基于分离富集得到的植物油不皂化物红外光谱,结合化学计量学方法进行芝麻油鉴定。利用偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）构建芝麻油鉴定模型。分析结果表明：所构建的芝麻油鉴定模型,OPLS-DA模型优于PLS-DA模型;OPLS-DA模型对芝麻油检验集样本预测准确率高。基于植物油不皂化物红外光谱结合化学计量学方法可以准确鉴定芝麻油。     

Visible Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of olive oils from different vegetable oils and the detection of adulteration

We have investigated the potential of Raman spectroscopy with excitation in the visible spectral range (VIS Raman) as a tool for the classification of different vegetable oils and the quantification of adulteration of virgin olive oil as an example. For the classification, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, where 96% of the spectral variation was characterized by the first two components. A significant similarity between sunflower oil and extra‐virgin olive oil was found using this approach. Therefore, sunflower oil is a potential candidate for adulteration in most commercially available olive oils. Beside the classification of the different vegetable oils, we have successfully applied Raman spectroscopy in combination with partial least‐squares (PLS) regression analysis for very fast monitoring of adulteration of extra‐virgin olive oil with sunflower oil. Different mixtures of extra‐virgin olive oil with three different sunflower oil types were prepared between 5 and 100% (v/v) in 5% increments of sunflower oil. While in the present context the adulteration usually refers to the addition of reasonable amounts of the adulterant (given the similarity with the basic product), we show that the technique proposed can also be used for trace analysis of the adulterant. Without using techniques like surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a quantitative detection limit down to 500 ppm (0.05%) could be achieved, a limit irrelevant for adulteration in commercial terms but significant for trace analysis. The qualitative detection limit even was at considerably lower concentration values. Based on PCA, a clear discrimination between pure extra‐virgin olive oil and olive oil adulterated with sunflower oil was achieved. The adulterant content was successfully determined using PLS regression with a high correlation coefficient and small root mean‐square error for both prediction and validation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Partial Least Squares Processing of Near‐Infrared Spectra for Discrimination and Quantification of Adulterated Olive Oils

Abstract

A new processing based on partial least squares (PLS) algorithm for the discrimination and determination of adulterants in pure olive oil using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been introduced. The 280 adulterations of olive oil with corn oil (n=70), hazelnut oil (n=70), soya oil (n=70), and sunflower oil (n=70) were prepared, and their NIR spectra in the region 12,000–4550 cm^?1 were collected. The 70 spectra of each adulteration of olive oil were divided into two sets, 50 spectra for a calibration set and 20 spectra for a prediction set. The spectra of a total calibration set (n=200) were separated into individual adulterant calibration sets (n_i=50, i=corn, hazelnut, soya, sunflower) by using discriminant PLS (DPLS) analysis, and PLS calibration models for the quantification of adulterants with corn oil, hazelnut oil, soya oil, or sunflower oil were developed separately. A variety of wavelength ranges and data pretreatments were examined for obtaining optimal results for the discrimination and quantification objects. Four PLS models for differentiating the adulterant types were evaluated by classifying the NIR spectra of a total prediction set (n=80) into known adulterant types. Then, these known adulterant spectra were analyzed by the PLS calibration models developed for each type to determine the content of an adulterant in pure olive oil. The results of evaluation revealed that the processing reported in this article works excellently for the discrimination and quantification of the adulterations of olive oil.     

植物油荧光光谱有效信息提取及其自动分类

植物油市场中出售的芝麻油、玉米油和花生油有多种品牌,不同品牌间价格差距较大,且存在假冒的现象,利用荧光光谱技术可以无损地鉴别购买油种是否为标签所标种类。主成分分析方法及平行因子方法可对这3种油种进行人工分类,但其存在类间距离相比于类内距离过小的不足,在结合传统的聚类分析方法时,会造成误分类现象。本文以提高类间距离、达到正确聚类为目标,经过比较分析,选择均值、标准差、光谱重心坐标、二阶混合中心距、相关系数、等价椭圆二倍倾角正切值、在重心激发波长处的发射光谱的偏度系数和峰度系数作为统计参数,相比于直接使用聚类方法,芝麻油分类的正确率从92.3%提高到100%,玉米油分类的正确率从75%提高到100%,花生油从57.1%提高到100%。用偏最小二乘判别分析方法验证了本文方法的合理性。本文方法可以用于植物油检测仪器的自动分类,利于市场监管及指导人们日常消费。     

基于拉曼光谱和最小二乘支持向量机的橄榄油掺伪检测方法研究

为实现橄榄油中掺伪油类型的识别和掺伪量预测,对掺入葵花籽油、大豆油、玉米油的橄榄油共117个样品进行拉曼光谱检测,并用基于多重迭代优化的最小二乘支持向量机模型对掺入油的类型进行识别,综合识别率为97%。同时分别采用最小二乘支持向量机、人工神经网络模型、偏最小二乘回归建立橄榄油中葵花籽油、大豆油、玉米油含量的拉曼光谱定标模型,结果显示最小二乘支持向量机具有最优的预测效果,其预测均方根误差(RMSEP)在0.007 4～0.014 2之间。拉曼光谱结合最小二乘支持向量机可为橄榄油掺伪检测提供一种精确、快速、简便、无损的方法。     

薰衣草精油的衰减全反射红外光谱辨别分析

为建立薰衣草精油品种品质的快速辨别分析模型,采用衰减全反射红外光谱法测定三个品种共96个薰衣草精油样品,对原始光谱数据求二阶导数,通过方差计算,确定1 750～900 cm-1波长段为判别分析用数据。分析结果表明,主成分分析(PCA)基本能实现精油品种区分,前三个主成分主要代表着酯、醇和萜类物质。使用68个样品的校正集建立正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型,三个品种薰衣草精油的回归曲线测定系数分别为0.959 2, 0.976 4, 0.958 8,验证集中三个品种精油预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.142 9, 0.127 3, 0.124 9,OPLS-DA法建立的模型对校正集和验证集的判别率和预测率都达到100%,模型对薰衣草精油品种品质有很好的识别能力。为薰衣草精油品种品质提供一个快速、直观的方法。     

基于激光近红外的稻米油掺伪定性-定量分析

该文主要研究激光近红外光谱分析技术结合化学计量学方法对稻米油掺伪进行定性-定量分析。分别将大豆油、玉米油、菜籽油、餐饮废弃油掺入稻米油中,按照不同质量比配置189个掺伪油样,利用激光近红外光谱仪采集光谱;对采集的稻米油掺伪图谱数据进行多元散射校正(MSC)、正交信号校正 (OSC)、标准正态变量变换和去趋势技术联用算法(SNV_DT)三种不同预处理并与原始数据进行比较。采用连续投影算法(SPA)对经过预处理的光谱数据进行特征波长提取,应用支持向量机分类(SVC)方法建立稻米油掺伪样品的定性分类校正模型,选择网格搜索算法对模型参数组合(C,g)进行寻优,确定最优参数组合。另采用后向间隔偏最小二乘法(BiPLS)和SPA对预处理后的光谱数据进行特征波长提取,分别应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和支持向量机回归(SVR)建立掺伪油含量的定量校正模型,并选用网格搜索算法对SVR模型参数组合(C,g)进行寻优,建立最优参数模型。研究表明,建立的SVC模型预测集和校正集的准确率分别达到了95%和100%;对比SVR和PLS方法建立的数学模型对稻米油中掺杂油脂的含量的预测,两种方法均能够实现含量预测,SVR模型的预测能力更好,相关系数R高于0.99,均方根误差(MSE)低于5.55×10-4,预测精度高。结果表明,采用激光近红外光谱分析技术可以实现稻米油掺伪的定性-定量分析,同时为其他油脂的掺伪分析提供了方法。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学对五元调和油中单组分油的定量分析

有关调和油快速准确定量检测的研究对于调和油质量控制具有重要意义。以往对调和油定量分析的研究大多集中于二元、三元和四元调和油,对更高元数调和油的研究很少,难以满足调和油检测需求。该研究的目的是探讨近红外光谱结合化学计量学对五元调和油中各单组分油进行定量分析的可行性。由玉米油、大豆油、稻米油、葵花油和芝麻油配制成51个五元调和油样品,并采集各样品12 000～4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外透射光谱。首先,采用光谱-理化值共生距离（SPXY）算法将调和油样品划分为38个校正集和13个预测集样品。其次,考察了主成分回归（PCR）、偏最小二乘（PLS）、支持向量回归（SVR）、人工神经网络（ANN）、极限学习机（ELM）等五种多元校正方法对五元调和油各组分定量分析的建模效果。然后,在最佳建模方法的基础上比较了SG平滑、标准正态变量（SNV）、多元散射校正（MSC）、一阶导数（1st Der）、二阶导数（2nd Der）和连续小波变换（CWT）六种光谱预处理方法,并讨论了预处理方法有效地原因。最后,在最佳预处理方法的基础上进一步利用竞争自适应重加权采样（CARS）和蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除法（MCUVE）筛选与预测组分相关的变量。结果显示,在五种建模方法中,PLS是最佳的建模方法,对玉米油、大豆油、稻米油、葵花油和芝麻油五种组分的预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为5.564 4,5.559 2,3.592 6,7.421 8和4.193 0。经过光谱预处理-变量选择,再建立PLS模型,对五种组分的RMSEP分别降低至1.955 3,0.562 4,1.145 0,1.619 0和1.067 1,预测相关系数（R_p）均高于0.98,表明采用合适的光谱预处理和变量选择方法,可以明显提高五元调和油中各单组分油定量分析的预测准确度。该研究为多组分调和油的快速无损定量检测提供了一种参考。     

Identification of waste cooking oil and vegetable oil via Raman spectroscopy

This paper made a qualitative identification of ordinary vegetable oil and waste cooking oil based on Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra of 73 samples of four varieties oil were acquired through the portable Raman spectrometer. Then, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and a discrimination model based on characteristic wave band ratio were established. A classification variable model of olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil and waste cooking oil that was established through the PLS‐DA model could identify waste cooking oil accurately from vegetable oils. The identification model established based on selection of waveband characteristics and intensity ratio of different Raman spectrum characteristic peaks could distinguish vegetable oils from waste cooking oil accurately. Research results demonstrated that both ratio method and PLS‐DA could identify waste cooking oil samples accurately. The identification model based on characteristic waveband ratio is simpler than PLS‐DA model. It is widely applicable to identification of waste cooking oil. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反射光谱结合光谱基二维卷积回归网络快速检测食用油中饱和脂肪酸

人们日常膳食中常见的食用油含有丰富的饱和脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸能为人体提供能量和必须营养物质,但过量摄入会导致多种心血管疾病.结合反射率光谱和深度学习方法发展一种食用油中饱和脂肪酸含量的分析方法.首先,测量了菜籽油、大豆油、葵花籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、芝麻油及花生油等7种食用植物油350～2500 nm范围的反射光谱,并通过...     

可见/近红外光谱的油茶籽油三元体系掺假检测模型优化

采用可见/近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法对油茶籽油三元体系掺假进行定量检测研究。将菜籽油和花生油按不同比例掺入纯油茶籽油中,获得掺假样本。采集纯油茶籽油及掺假样本在350~1 800 nm范围内的可见/近红外光谱数据,随机分为校正集和预测集,并从不同建模波段、预处理方法及建模方法角度对掺假预测模型进行优化。研究结果表明,菜籽油、花生油和总掺伪量的最优建模波段及预处理方法分别为750~1 770,900~1 770 ,870~1 770 nm和多元散射校正(MSC)、标准归一化处理(SNV)和二阶微分,而最优的建模方法均为最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)。对于最优掺假模型,菜籽油、花生油和总掺伪量的预测集相关系数(R_p)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.963,0.982,0.993和2.1%,1.5%,1.8%。由此可见,可见/近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法可以用于油茶籽油的三元体系掺假定量检测。     

二维相关近红外光谱检测牛奶中的三聚氰胺

配置合格的纯牛奶样本及含有三聚氰胺质量浓度范围为0.01g/L～3g/L的掺杂牛奶样本各20个,并采集其近红外光谱。以牛奶中掺杂三聚氰胺浓度为外扰,构建二维相关同步谱,研究其相关谱特性。在此基础上,结合偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)建立定性模型,可以实现纯牛奶与掺伪牛奶的定性鉴别,正确识别率达100%。同时,将二维相关近红外同步谱矩阵与偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合起来,建立定量分析牛奶中掺杂三聚氰胺的数学模型。对未知样品的预测相关系数R达到0.98,预测均方根误差(RM-SEP)为0.18g/L,说明基于同步相关谱矩阵建立定量分析的数学模型是可行的。该方法无需样品处理,成本低,为快速检测掺伪牛奶提供了一种新的途径。     

可见/近红外联合UVE-PLS-LDA鉴别压榨和浸出山茶油

山茶油是我国特有的优质食用油,而压榨山茶油营养品质优于浸出山茶油。采用可见/近红外光谱技术对压榨和浸出山茶油进行鉴别研究。在350～1 800 nm波段范围内采集压榨和浸出山茶油样本的透射光谱,利用无信息变量消除(UVE)方法进行波长变量优选,剔除无用波长变量,并应用偏最小二乘-线性判别分析(PLS-LDA)建立鉴别分类模型。最后,利用鉴别分类模型对未参与建模的26个预测集样本进行鉴别。研究结果表明,UVE-PLS-LDA是一种有效的鉴别分类方法,所建立的鉴别分类模型能较好地对压榨和浸出山茶油进行鉴别,校正集和预测集样本的鉴别正确率均为100%。因此,可见/近红外光谱联合UVE-PLS-LDA方法鉴别压榨和浸出山茶油是可行的。     

Quantitative detection of adulterated olive oil by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

Commercially available extra virgin olive oils are often adulterated with some other cheaper edible oils with similar chemical compositions. A set of extra virgin olive oil samples adulterated with soybean oil, corn oil and sunflower seed oil were characterized by Raman spectra in the region 1000–1800 cm⁻¹. Based on the intensity of the Raman spectra with vibrational bands normalized by the band at 1441 cm⁻¹ (CH₂), external standard method (ESM) was employed for the quantitative analysis, which was compared with the results achieved by support vector machine (SVM) methods. By plotting the adulterant content of extra virgin olive oil versus its corresponding band intensity in the Raman spectrum at 1265 cm⁻¹, the calibration curve was obtained. Coefficient of determination (R²) of each curve was 0.9956, 0.9915 and 0.9905 for extra virgin olive oil samples adulterated with soybean oil, corn oil and sunflower seed oil, respectively. The mean absolute relative errors were calculated as 7.41, 7.78 and 9.45%, respectively, with ESM, while they were 5.10, 6.96 and 4.55, in the SVM model, respectively. The prediction accuracy shows that the ESM based on Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for the authentication of extra virgin olive oil. The method also has the advantages of simplicity, time savings and non‐requirement of sample preprocessing; especially, a portable Raman system is suitable for on‐site testing and quality control in field applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近红外透射光谱法检测三组分食用调和油含量的研究

以大豆油、花生油和玉米油三组分食用调和油为研究对象,采集样品在10 000～4 200 cm-1范围内的近红外透射光谱,对光谱进行不同预处理后结合偏最小二乘法分别建立调和油中三组分的定量分析模型,并检验模型预测的准确度和精密度。结果显示,一阶导数结合多元散射校正(FD+MSC),一阶导数结合减去一条直线(FD+SLS)以及一阶导数(FD)进行光谱预处理,可以得到大豆油、花生油以及玉米油含量的最优定标模型,分别是在5 450.1～4 597.7 cm-1,7 521.3～6 098.1 cm-1和9 993.7～7 498.2 cm-1谱区范围内获得的。各预测模型的相关系数R2和预测均方根RMSEP分别为99.89%,1.09%;99.88%,1.17%;99.76%,1.48%;配对t检验值在0.371 9～0.007 9之间;预测相对标准偏差RSD均小于1.50%。表明傅里叶变换近红外透射光谱分析技术可以快速准确可靠地检测三组分食用调和油中大豆油、花生油、玉米油的含量。     

基于超连续光谱特级初榨橄榄油的快速检测方法

特级初榨橄榄油作为一种冷榨植物油含有较为丰富的不饱和脂肪酸和多酚类化合物,其营养价值较高。目前,橄榄油的掺假问题是业界最严重的问题之一,中国对橄榄油的消费量与日俱增,国内橄榄油市场较为混乱,掺假造假现象层出不穷,从橄榄油的国外进口到国内二次包装都有可能存在人为干扰和品质造假,如果不加以有效监督和制止,对国民的健康和财产将造成严重损失。如果通过传统的化学分析方法获取所有成分信息势必会增加检测周期,不利于商品的快速流通,对生产厂商和消费者来说都是一种损失。为应对复杂多变的橄榄油掺伪技术及国内具备橄榄油检测资质机构不足的问题,提出一种基于超连续光谱特级初榨橄榄油的快速检测方法,为实现快速鉴别提供了可能性,研究选用特级初榨橄榄油、菜籽油、茶油、芝麻油、稻米油、葵花油、玉米油以及大豆油作为研究对象,分别采集每种植物油的超连续光谱并对初步光谱数据进行光谱预处理,最后计算了不同样本间超连续光谱的皮尔逊相关系数并以此作为特级初榨橄榄油判别的主要依据。实验结果显示不同样本特级初榨橄榄油间的超连续光谱的皮尔逊相关系数在0.901 1以上,而特级初榨橄榄油与其他种类植物油的超连续光谱的皮尔逊相关系数在0.172 2~0.899 0之间。研究表明以皮尔逊相关系数0.901 1作为判别特级初榨橄榄油与其他植物油的检测阈值,可实现快速实时的精准检测识别。该技术与分光光度计的吸收透射光谱相比,最大的优势在于采集周期短和光谱指纹特征丰富,周期短表现为光谱曝光采集时间仅为100 ms,光谱指纹特征丰富表现为除包含吸收光谱外还表现出各种荧光活性物质所特有的荧光光谱。除此之外,可将超连续谱光源应用推广到食品安全检测技术领域。该技术装置简单且易于推广对国内橄榄油的检测和市场规范具有一定的研究意义。     

食用植物油中反式脂肪酸含量的激光拉曼光谱检测

油脂中的反式脂肪酸(TFA)有害人们的身体健康,有必要对其含量进行监测。共收集各类食用植物油样本79个,涉及9个品种和27个品牌,分配到校正集和预测集的样本数分别为53个和26个。采用QE65000拉曼光谱仪采集79个样本的拉曼光谱,利用自适应迭代惩罚最小二乘法去除样本拉曼光谱的荧光背景;在此基础上,采用多种归一化方法对样本拉曼光谱进行处理,并对拉曼光谱的建模波数范围进行初选;再利用竞争性自适应重加权采样(CARS)方法筛选与食用植物油TFA含量相关的光谱变量,并应用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归将食用植物油TFA的特征变量光谱强度与气相色谱测定的TFA真实含量进行关联,建立食用植物油中TFA含量的定量预测模型。研究结果表明,多种归一化方法中,有4种归一化方法均能提高PLS定量预测模型的性能,其中Area normalization方法的效果最优;经建模波数范围初选,波数范围由686~2 301 cm-1缩减为737~1 787 cm-1,确定较优的建模波数范围为737~1 787 cm-1;经CARS方法筛选,共有31个光谱变量被选择,其选择的光谱变量主要分布在1 265,1 303,1 442及1 658 cm-1拉曼振动峰附近,且974 cm-1拉曼振动峰两侧均有光谱变量被选择;此外,CARS方法的PLS建模结果优于常用的无信息变量消除及连续投影算法。由此可知,激光拉曼光谱技术结合化学计量学方法检测食用植物油中的TFA含量是可行的。归一化方法、建模波数范围初选及竞争性自适应重加权采样(CARS)方法能有效提高TFA定量预测模型的预测精度和稳定性,优化后的TFA定量预测模型的校正集及预测集的相关系数和均方根误差分别为0.949,0.953和0.188%,0.191%。与未优化的预测模型相比,预测均方根误差由0.361%下降为0.191%,下降幅度为47.1%;建模所用的变量数由683个下降为31个,仅占原变量数的4.54%。