电子束加速器维纳尔的研究

由于电子束理论上可聚成直径小于1nm的束斑,易于控制,在超大规模集成电路掩模制造中起的重要作用,目前仍无法用其它方法所代替.以SDS-3电子束设备的电子枪为基础,讨论了双曲凹面加速器维纳尔(外敷碱土金属氧化物盖)的电子轨迹与能量分布.通过这一维纳尔电子被送达硅片靶心(置于光阑前).最后给出了刻蚀硅片的束斑和加速器维纳尔的图.     

用于直线感应加速器光源焦斑测量的双锥厚针孔结构设计

研究设计双锥厚针孔结构体,利用小孔成像测量高能强流直线感应加速器光源的焦斑。建立数值计算模型,根据实际光源特性和实验布局条件,模拟光子穿过厚针孔结构的辐射成像过程,分析光源尺寸、分布和偏轴等对焦斑测量的影响。理论计算结果显示对光源物面的空间分辨率可达5 lp/mm。     

C波段2 MeV驻波加速管物理设计

 为了发展结构紧凑、小束斑加速器，进行了C波段驻波电子直线加速器加速管的物理设计和研究。利用多级聚束和大孔径注入方法，抑制空间电荷效应。加速管由3个聚束腔和4个加速腔组成，长约163 mm，馈入微波功率源1 MW。在最终的数值模拟中，得到脉冲电流约150 mA，俘获效率优于30％，在加速管出口外约14 mm处，对电子的横向分布进行非线性Gauss拟合，得到束斑直径（FWHM）约为0.55 mm。     

针孔法测量X光源焦斑尺寸

通过针孔成像法得到X光源强度空间分布图像,直接读取图像数据得到X光源的半高宽焦斑（FWHM）尺寸,对图像数据进行傅里叶变换得到调制传递函数,并计算得到X光源的等效焦斑尺寸（50%MTF）。应用针孔成像法测量多脉冲电子直线感应加速器产生的X光源焦斑尺寸,测量结果表明,加速器性能稳定。定义焦斑形状因子参数并用于描述X光源分布,结果表明,该加速器X光源分布在高斯分布和本涅特分布之间变化。     

整体考虑靶和均整器的设计来提高医用加速器剂量率的方法

通常低能医用加速器靶的设计遵从厚靶原则, 即采用厚度等于或大于电子射程的靶, 使靶后无电子污染. 本文提出了新的靶设计概念：设计靶时, 将靶与相关系统(初级准直锥、均整器)作为一个整体考虑, 通过减小靶厚来提高光子剂量率, 利用初级准直锥、均整器来减少电子污染. 采用这种设计概念, 用蒙特卡罗方法对BJ-6—6MV单光子医用电子直线加速器的靶进行优化设计. 模拟计算10cm×10cm野, 30cm×30cm野的深度剂量曲线, 结果表明：较之现有的厚靶, 治疗剂量提高了10%, 同时表面剂量、X射线的品质仍满足国标的要求. 通过薄靶、厚靶的加速器整机对比实验, 已验证了此结论的正确性.     

高能工业CT用新型X射线源焦斑测量

 为了获得较高的空间分辩率，设计了一种新型小束斑驻波电子直线加速器，该加速器取消了加速腔中的鼻锥结构，而在耦合腔中设置鼻锥结构。用狭缝法代替小孔法测得X射线源的焦斑尺寸为1.4mm。讨论了射线源焦点对成像质量的影响，分析了在高能条件下小孔法不适合用于焦点测量的物理原因，用4种测量方法测量了该高能X射线源的参数，测得该系统的成像极限分辩率为2.5 lp/mm，最后对实验结果进行了分析。     

NSRL-200MeV直线加速器能谱分析系统的设计

 200MeV直线加速器能谱分析系统用来测量直线加速器的束流能谱，为指导直线加速器的调机和了解机器状态提供实验证据。为了克服非成像系统以及分辨率不高的缺点，在NSRL二期工程中对这个系统进行了重新设计，现已安装和调试。叙述了该系统详细的物理设计以及最新的初步实验结果。     

移动式加速器在快中子照相中的应用

介绍了移动式加速器的工作原理、结构和调试过程。该加速器具有体积小、重量轻、束流稳定度高、束斑直径小的特点。移动式加速器是首次在中国工程物理研究院应用于快中子照相。在调试过程中测试了小型移动式加速器的束流稳定性等参数,采用伴随粒子方法测量了直流中子产额。通过移动加速器和数字照相系统的组合,获得了初步图像。     

硬X射线焦斑环孔编码成像的理论与实验研究

针对几十~百keV能量的低强度X射线焦斑源测量,建立了高探测效率环孔编码成像技术。研究给出了环孔成像效率和信噪比与环孔结构参数的关系,采用微联结的环孔结构设计并模拟了联结区尺寸对成像质量的影响,解决了环孔结构同轴成像技术难题。所建立环孔成像系统应用于Unique-II X射线焦斑源成像实验。结果表明,X射线焦斑的空间分布近似为‘马鞍’形状,而且中间部分的强度低于两侧的强度,与针孔成像结果相似,但环孔的探测效率明显高于针孔的效率。最后,分析了维纳滤波与R-L两种复原图像方法的效果。     

偏离中心入射的γ针孔成像系统点扩展函数

基于蒙特卡罗方法,对γ射线针孔成像系统进行了点扩展函数的模拟研究.采用高斯拟合法比较了入射点中心入射及分别偏离0.5像素、1像素、1.5像素和2像素五种条件下γ射线针孔成像系统的点扩展函数,得出相应系统的调制传递函数,并对空间分辨率进行比较.研究结果表明,当偏离量较小时,利用高斯拟合方法得到的γ针孔成像系统的点扩展函数误差较小,能够满足精度要求;当偏离量较大时拟合误差较大.另外,在针孔与探测器之间加一层理想挡板来减少散射,可以显著地减少拟合误差,提高其空间分辨率.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.