利用气象要素估算海洋大气近地层光学湍流

基于近地层相似理论以及极端层结下对该理论的修正,建立了海洋大气近地层光学湍流估算模型,并进行了数值分析。结果表明:当气温与海温相差较大时,温度起伏对光学湍流贡献最大;当气温与海温相差较小时,海面湿度越小,光学湍流越强;在较低湿度条件下,尤其在红外窗区,湿度扰动对光学湍流贡献起支配作用。当气温小于海温时,光学湍流先随海面风速增大而增强,后随风速增大而减弱;当气温大于海温时,光学湍流总体上是伴随海面风速增大而减弱。当气温小于海温或与海温接近时,与可见光和近红外波段相比,红外窗区光学湍流显著偏强;当气温远大于海温时,两波段光学湍流接近。在中性和近中性层结下,大气折射率结构参量C2n依赖于垂直高度的负幂指数接近-2/3,伴随海面大气层结稳定度或不稳定度增强,C2n依赖于垂直高度的负幂指数的绝对值分别逐渐减小或增大,并分别趋近于稳定极限下的0或不稳定极限下的-4/3。     

基于气象参数戈壁沙漠地区近地面大气湍流建模

 提出一种适合戈壁沙漠地区的近地面大气湍流模型。通过测量近地面层不同高度处温度、湿度、压强和风速等常规气象参数,结合模型可给出近地面层大气湍流强度。模型计算的近地面层大气湍流强度通常白天值最大,中午前后出现较宽的最大值区间,在日出时段和日落时段出现较明显的最小值,夜间呈不规则变化,该结果能够很好地反映近地面层大气湍流强度的变化特性。在影响大气湍流强度变化的参数中,大气温度的变化趋势直接影响着大气湍流强度的变化：通常白天大气温差较高时,大气湍流强度较强;大气温差较低时,大气湍流强度较弱;大气温差起伏较大的时刻,大气湍流强度的变化也会较大,大气温差起伏趋势与大气湍流强度变化趋势有相似之处。     

基于天气数值预报模式预报高空光学湍流

介绍了天气数值预报模式的运行流程、模式安装、模拟参数设置等。结合光学湍流的参数化方案,预报了大气光学湍流强度廓线,并与探空气球实测数据对比验证。结果表明,预报的大气光学湍流强度廓线符合高空光学湍流的一般特征和变化规律,但廓线的形状与实测存在一定的差异,并分析产生差异的原因。分析表明,提高预报精度需要改进高空湍流外尺度模式。     

近地面大气光学湍流外尺度的实验研究

分析了含有外尺度的Von-Karman湍流空间相关函数模型, 并利用光纤湍流空间传感阵列的实测数据, 根据拟合算法获得了大气光学湍流空间外尺度的值及日变化, 对模型的适用性进行了实验验证. 将空间相关函数理论与空间多点同步测量的数据相结合, 尽可能清晰地展现了几种适合用相关函数描述的湍涡尺度. 结果表明, 在1.8 m的草地上, 大气光学湍流的外尺度呈现出白天较大、夜间较小的日变化趋势, 正午前后均值约为0.44 m, 夜间约为0.3 m. 有三点需要说明: 其一, 当两点间距恰好等于外尺度时, 其空间相关系数为0.26, 当两点间距超过外尺度之后, 仍具有一定的相关性; 其二, 积分尺度代表了湍涡尺度的平均值, 该值略小于外尺度; 其三, 湍涡的最大尺度所对应的湍流空间相关性为0, 其值略大于外尺度. 不难发现: 湍涡三种尺度的日变化与湍流强度的日变化趋势非常相似. 以空间布点探测的方法获取湍流特征尺度, 结果直观, 而且能够直接验证湍流空间相关函数模型, 所以可在一定程度上促进湍流空间结构特性的研究.     

湍流大气成像系统分辨率的研究

采用基于Kolmogorov 1941串级湍流模型建立的调制湍流折射率谱模型、简单透镜成像系统传递函数的高斯函数近似和平方近似,从理论上分析了大气成像系统的光学传递函数,研究了有限湍流尺度(湍流内、外尺度)对湍流大气中成像系统光学分辨率的影响。给出了成像系统长曝光光学传递函数和积分分辨率的近似解析关系。结果表明在采用大孔径成像系统成像时,应该考虑湍流尺度对大气系统成像的作用。     

基于畸变相位波前分形特征产生矩形湍流相屏

在包含时间进程的光波大气传输及其自适应光学相位校正的数值模拟研究中,如长曝光成像和自适应光学系统的动态控制过程,矩形湍流相屏的产生和应用尤为重要.而现在通常使用的功率谱反演法产生的是正方形的湍流相屏,只采用其中的矩形部分显然造成计算机资源的浪费;并且谱反演法产生的湍流相屏需要进行低频补偿,从而明显地增加计算量.基于大气湍流所造成的畸变相位波前的分形特征,提出了一种产生矩形湍流相屏的新方法,并与解析理论结果进行对比,验证了这种矩形相屏产生方法的正确性.与已有的方法相比,此算法具有两个明显的优点:算法简单、计算效率高,节省计算机资源;与大气湍流介质统计特性无论在高频部分还是在低频部分均符合得较好.     

远海海面大气光学湍流实验测量

将光纤湍流测量系统搭载于我国的“远望号”航天测量船, 首次实现了远海海面大气光学湍流的空间多点同步测量, 初步获得了远海海面大气光学湍流的基本特征和定量数据. 测量共进行了37天, 测量数据处理包括大气光学湍流强度的统计分析、采用Greenwood湍流空间相关函数模型对实测的光学湍流空间相关函数进行非线性拟合从而获得湍流的空间外尺度, 以及采用分段拟合算法获取光学湍流的功率谱标度指数. 结果表明: 海面大气光学湍流强度中等偏弱, 且无明显规律性的日变化趋势; 空间外尺度较小, 约为0.2-0.3 m; 湍流谱标度指数符合-5/3次方的概率均为25%左右, 低于相应的近地面概率.     

基于天气预报模式预报阿里天文站大气光学湍流EI北大核心CSCD

利用气象模式预报大气光学湍流,能够使地基望远镜根据不同的大气视宁度条件,选取相应的观测目标和终端设备,还可以优化自适应光学系统性能和激光器打击目标的发射时机。介绍了采用天气预报模式建立的大气光学湍流预报方法。利用该预报方法,采用数值和分析两种模型,分别提前3d、2d和1d预报出2011年11月6日夜间阿里天文站的气象参数、大气光学湍流强度Cn2廓线和视宁度。共计6次的预报结果均显示近地面层、边界层2km高度以及对流层12km高度存在强湍流层。与单星闪烁测量层析(SICDAR)的实测数据对比结果表明,本预报方法能够反映大气光学湍流廓线的结构特征。预报的视宁度反映出夜间的增大趋势和差分像运动视宁度仪(DIMM)实测结果相似。     

大望远镜系统衍射极限倍数的确定

利用大气湍流的光学相关函数确定湍流光学相关时间，并在此时间内通过成像系统的光学传递函数修正大气湍流效应后定标大望远镜(500mm口径，500m焦距)系统衍射极限倍数。     

大气湍流对遥感系统分辨力的影响

以平面波为例,分别针对较弱和较强的湍流模型,通过计算到达角起伏讨论了高空光学遥感系统由大气湍流引起的地面图像分辨力问题。结果表明,对于给定的遥感系统口径和高度,较强湍流引起的图像分辨力的1cm左右;而较强湍流引起的图像分辨力则可达10cm量级。对于自身的地面分辨力具有m的量级的传统光学遥感系统,上述影响并不明显。对于现代高辨力光学遥感系统,这种影响便不容忽略,特别是对较强的湍流,往往需要用自适应光学等方法加以补偿。     

戈壁地区近地面折射率结构常数统计特性分析

利用温度脉动仪对大气折射率结构常数进行测量,通过在铁塔上不同测量高度架设温度脉动仪,对戈壁地区近地面层开展长期连续测量。从各测量高度折射率结构常数的累积概率、偏度与峰度、季节变化、高度经验关系等四个方面对大量实验数据统计分析,结果表明:测量地区大气折射率结构常数白天和夜间的累积概率以18m为区别界限,表现出明显的不同;所有测量高度折射率结构常数的概率分布均表现出右偏、平峰特性;季节变化对低层折射率结构常数的影响更为明显;测量地区折射率结构常数随高度变化的经验公式表明,白天折射率结构常数随高度递减接近"-2/3"指数,夜间折射率结构常数的高度变化则是表现出层次性,低层折射率结构常数随高度递减接近"-0.16"指数,而高层变化则接近"-1.05"指数。     

Richardson's pair diffusion and the stagnation point structure of turbulence

DNS and laboratory experiments show that the spatial distribution of straining stagnation points in homogeneous isotropic 3D turbulence has a fractal structure with dimension D(s)=2. In kinematic simulations the exponent gamma in Richardson's law and the fractal dimension D(s) are related by gamma=6/D(s). The Richardson constant is found to be an increasing function of the number density of straining stagnation points in agreement with pair diffusion occurring in bursts when pairs meet such points in the flow.     

Scintillation of a laser beam propagation through non-Kolmogorov strong turbulence

Atmospheric turbulence causes strong irradiance fluctuations of propagating optical wave under the severe weather conditions in long-distance free space optical communication. In this paper, the scintillation index for a Gaussian beam wave propagation through non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere is derived in strong fluctuation regime, using non-Kolmogorov spectrum with a generalized power law exponent and the extended Rytov theory with a modified spatial filter function. The analytic expressions are obtained and then used to analyze the effect of power law, refractive-index structure parameter, propagation distance, phase radius of curvature, beam width and wavelength on scintillation index of Gaussian beam under the strong atmospheric turbulence. It shows that, with the increasing of structure parameter or propagation distance, scintillation index increases sharply up to the peak point and then decreases gradually toward unity at rates depending on power law. And there exist optimal value of radius of curvature and beam width for minimizing the value of scintillation index and long wavelength for mitigating the effect of non-Kolmogorov strong turbulence on link performance.     

Effects of inner and outer scale on the modulation transfer function for a Gaussian wave propagating through anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence

Both experimental results and empirical research have shown that the atmospheric turbulence can present the anisotropic property not only at a few meters above the ground but also at high altitudes of up to several kilometers. This paper investigates the modulation transfer function of a Gaussian beam propagating along a horizontal path in weak anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Mathematical expressions are obtained based on the generalized exponential spectrum for anisotropic turbulence, which includes the spectral power law value, the finite inner and outer scales of turbulence, the anisotropic factor, and other essential optical parameters of the Gaussian beam. The numerical results indicate that the atmospheric turbulence would produce less negative effects on the wireless optical communication system with an increase in the anisotropic factor.     

Generating synthetic time series from Bak-Sneppen co-evolution model mixtures

The Bak-Sneppen model of co-evolution is used to derive synthetic time series with a priori specified fractal dimension (or Hurst exponent) through a mixing of processes in various lattice dimensions. Both theoretical and numerical analyses concern the avalanches at the critical threshold and provide a model for time series reconstruction that can be tested as an alternative to the classical fractional Brownian motion (fBm) because of differences in properties. New results on critical threshold and avalanche structure are obtained up to Euclidean dimension d=6. The method involves a lattice-based structure and therefore is suitable for the application of parallel computing.     

Chaotic dynamics in the electroconvection system of a nematic liquid crystal

The transition from a steady domain structure to turbulence in the electroconvection system of a nematic under the action of a constant electric field is studied using the methods of optical and acoustic responses. The chaotic dynamics is investigated both by conventional methods (Fourier signal spectrum) and by methods of nonlinear dynamics. From the quantitative estimates of basic characteristics of the chaotic behavior (namely, the correlation dimension, leading Lyapunov exponent, K-entropy, and embedding dimension), one can conclude that temporal chaos arises in the system, giving rise to a strange attractor, as the control parameter increases at ɛ ≥ ɛ _c ≈ 0.5. The fact that the distribution of laminar domains in the liquid-crystal layer depends on their length under the conditions of developed turbulence indicates that the dynamics of the nematic demonstrates the intermittent behavior.     

Fractal dimensions of speech sounds: computation and application to automatic speech recognition

The dynamics of airflow during speech production may often result in some small or large degree of turbulence. In this paper, the geometry of speech turbulence as reflected in the fragmentation of the time signal is quantified by using fractal models. An efficient algorithm for estimating the short-time fractal dimension of speech signals based on multiscale morphological filtering is described, and its potential for speech segmentation and phonetic classification discussed. Also reported are experimental results on using the short-time fractal dimension of speech signals at multiple scales as additional features in an automatic speech-recognition system using hidden Markov models, which provide a modest improvement in speech-recognition performance.     

Using Fractal Function Auto-correlative Method to Confirm Fractal Dimension of Function Graph

The effects of light wave propagating in atmospheric turbulence are investigated experimentally, it is essential to measure the physical variable with time. In order to analyze appropriately these data, it is utilized the fractal function auto-correlative method to describe the fractal dimension of function graph of image-space. The fractal dimension Dg=1.47 of function graph is derived from the power spectral analysis of measuring data. It shows that the Kolmogorov' turbulent model is not completely in accord with actual atmospheric turbulence.