基于PT4115驱动的高精度数字LED星等模拟器

依据地面设备标定的需要，介绍了一种高精度、有限空间、全光谱的星等模拟器实现方法。该星等模拟器的光学系统结构采用紧凑结构空间设计，其控制采用脉宽调制（PWM）技术，应用白光XLamp LED作为光源，并以PT4115作驱动，实现了对LED光照强度在640 lx~1.0 lx范围内数字化任意调整。所设计的星等模拟器与传统模拟调节的星等模拟器相比，该星等模拟器具有体积小、热量低、稳定性高等特点。通过在暗室环境中进行应用验证，分析和测试结果表明:该星等模拟器可实现0m~7m等星控制，光谱范围覆盖整个可见光，星等的控制精度高达0.1m。     

基于混合光源的星模拟器光谱研究

提出了一种基于氙灯和卤钨灯混合光源的星模拟器光谱模拟方案.采用氙灯和卤钨灯组成宽光谱光源灯阵,并通过色温模拟与控制模块后射入积分球,为星模拟器提供理想光源,模拟出与特定色温3 900K,4 800K,6 500K相近的光谱曲线.通过对标准黑体光谱曲线的仿真,计算出滤光片各个微小波段最优透过率,并对微小波段区间的透过率进行区间合并处理,得到满足设计指标要求的滤光片透过率,实现对特定色温光谱曲线的模拟.仿真结果表明,采用本文方案能够满足微小波段匹配模拟误差在10%以内,用相对面积法验证匹配误差在4%以内,从而为星模拟器模拟特定色温的光谱曲线提供有效的方法.     

基于LED的多色温多星等单星模拟器

针对星模拟器与星敏感器观星的色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标精度产生的影响,设计了一种基于LED的多色温多星等单星模拟器,采用该系统模拟特定色温的星光用于星敏感器光信号定标,大幅降低了色温非匹配带来的定标误差。从理论上分析了色温非匹配影响星敏感器光信号的定标精度的机理;根据设计指标确定了星模拟器的设计方案,主要解决了光源的选型、多色温多星等单星模拟器驱动和控制系统、色温星等匹配算法、多色温多星等单星模拟器软件设计四项关键技术问题;对多色温多星等单星模拟器进行了标定和性能测试:0等星4000K和3等星7000 K星光的光谱匹配误差分别为4.87%和7.83%,星等等级分别为0.03和2.93;光源稳定后,多色温多星等单星模拟器的平行光管出口Φ100 mm口径内的照度非均匀度为6.5%,均满足设计指标。     

基于单星模拟器星等控制光源的研究

为了适应航天技术的发展和更高的技术要求,设计了一种带闭环控制的单星模拟器。介绍了单星模拟器的工作原理、单星模拟器的光能分析、单星模拟器光源及相关组件的选取、闭环控制系统的设计及星模拟器星等的实现。所设计的星模拟器能够实现对-2~+6星等的模拟,稳定性误差不超过相应星等照度的±10%。检测结果表明,该单星模拟器稳定可靠,调节灵活,能满足单星模拟器设计要求。     

多色温多星等输出的单星模拟器光机系统设计

阐述了基于CCD技术的星敏感器的工作原理,及其在航天定位中起到的作用,从而引出星敏感器的地面标定技术,这就需要用到恒星模拟器对星敏感器进行标定。针对恒星光源的两个基本参数,分别提出了恒星色温模拟方法和星等模拟方法,研究了星模拟器系统的具体实现,主要设计了电光源、波段光强控制器、星等控制器等。在实验室实现了整个系统的组装,搭建了控制和测试平台,并得出了实验结果。实验结果表明,本系统具有较高的可靠性,在峰值光谱范围为350 nm~950 nm的情况下,可模拟星等范围0~+6.5MI,可模拟星体等效黑体温度为:2 600 K、3 600 K、4 300 K、5 000 K、5 500 K、6 000 K、6 800 K、7 600 K、9 800 K,相对强度误差优于0.10。     

弱光单星模拟器的设计与标定

针对实验室高星等目标模拟问题,设计了一种由光源、可调光阑、积分球、光电探测器和平行光管组成的弱光单星模拟器,用于检测探测相机、星敏感器的星等探测能力。推导了光电探测器读数、积分球出口光谱辐亮度随可调光阑遮拦比的变化关系,结合星等定义公式和像面照度公式,介绍了弱光单星模拟器的工作原理,解决了高星等目标的标定难题。理论分析了弱光单星模拟器的星等模拟范围及精度,结果表明其最高可模拟19.5 Mv星等,精度为11.6%;模拟低于15 Mv星等时,精度优于8%。实验结果表明:实验室内,模拟星等与KLL-04型弱光照度计实测星等的相对误差最大为7.09%;实验室的探测相机与天文观测的探测相机所测得的星等探测能力在6.5Mv处的相对误差为1.9%,在15.2Mv处的相对误差为2.6%。所设计弱光单星模拟器能够对高星等目标进行有效模拟。     

一种高星等标准星光模拟器的设计与性能分析

在卫星探测相机及星敏感器的地面标定实验中,需要一台能够模拟无穷远处极小星点以及极弱星光照度的光源,即星光模拟器。采用积分球均匀点光源加准直平行光管模拟出无穷远处的星点,使用可变光阑调节光能量动态范围,提高模拟星等。同时点光源的光亮度可以精确测定,再通过精确测量影响星等照度的各个因素,从而解决弱光情况下的标定问题。分析模拟器的模拟星等能力及精度,在现有加工测试条件下,星光模拟器能够满足模拟6~14星等照度要求且精度较高,完全满足地面标定实验需求。     

基于DMD光谱可调的星模拟器光源光学系统设计

为满足在各种谱线分布下对星敏感器探测能力的高准确度标定,提出了一种基于数字微镜器件的光谱可调星模拟器光源光学系统设计方法,以解决星模拟器与星敏感器观星色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标准确度产生的问题.首先,根据设计指标选取Czerny-Turner型光学系统为光源光学系统,对Czerny-Turner型光学系统的彗差和象散进行分析,选取消彗差的Czerny-Turner结构;其次利用MATLAB程序求解Czerny-Turner型光学系统初始结构并应用ZEMAX对其进行优化;最后对光学系统进行公差分析.公差分析结果表明,在400~1 100nm的工作谱段范围内,光学系统的光谱分辨率小于2nm,设计结果满足要求,有效降低了光谱不匹配带来的定标误差.     

基于数字微镜的光谱可调星模拟器光源系统

为满足对星敏感器在各种谱线分布下对探测能力的高精度标定,提出了一种基于数字微镜的星模拟器光源系统设计方案,在一定程度上解决了由星模拟器与星敏感器观星的色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标精度产生的问题。从理论上分析了光谱不匹配影响定标精度的原理,设计了基于数字微镜器件的光谱可调的恒星光谱模拟系统。采用遗传算法作为光谱匹配,通过遗传算法求解不同的光谱构造函数实现对不同光谱的模拟。最后分别对5 nm分辨率和20 nm分辨率的光谱模拟系统在3 900,4 800,6 500 K 3种色温下进行了测试。测试结果表明,该星模拟器的恒星光谱模拟精度在5 nm分辨率下优于2%,在20 nm分辨率下优于5%。     

具光反馈功能的星模拟器设计

为满足天文导航设备星敏感器内场高精度检测和标校的实际工程需要,设计了一种结构简单并且具有光反馈功能的新型高精度单星模拟器。选用发光二极管作为光源,采用先聚焦再准直的方法实现模拟星光的平行输出。星模拟器的光反馈系统可以在输出光强发生变化的时候自动调节星光光源的发光强度,从而使星模拟器的输出光强在相当长的时间段内保持稳定。星模拟器输出光束的平行度达到8,输出光束的均匀性达到80 %,在连续工作至少8 h的情况下输出光束的稳定性达到89 %。相对稳定的输出光强减少了星模拟器因为模拟的星等发生变化而产生的影响,提高了星敏感器检测和标定的精度。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.