爆轰驱动Cu界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov扰动增长稳定性

研究了爆轰驱动Cu界面的扰动增长过程,分析了不同初始条件下的扰动增长规律和主要失稳机制.研究结果表明:温度相关的熔化失稳和塑性变形相关的拉伸断裂失稳是界面扰动增长过程的主要失稳机制;高能炸药爆轰驱动Cu材料界面时,冲击波加载引起的温升和扰动增长阶段塑性功转换引起的温升不足以熔化Cu材料,拉伸断裂是导致扰动增长不稳定的主要机制;扰动增长非线性阶段尖钉的最大累积有效塑性应变与尖钉振幅之间存在定标关系,结合熔化条件和断裂应变判据建立的尖钉振幅失稳条件可用于分析界面扰动增长的稳定性.     

爆轰驱动铝飞层扰动增长的数值模拟（英文）

建立了研究炸药爆轰驱动条件下金属材料Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题的实验技术和数值模拟方法。利用该实验技术和数值模拟方法研究了炸药爆轰驱动条件下,铝飞层界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性增长规律,数值模拟显示界面扰动振幅以指数规律增长。数值模拟结果和实验定性相符,但是定量相比有较大差别,原因是高压高应变率加载条件下铝的强度增强,而数值模拟时所采用的SG本构模型在这样的加载条件下低估了铝的强度而导致对扰动增长致稳作用不足。然后在数值模拟中,通过改变材料的初始剪切模量和初始屈服强度,发现在一定范围内,初始剪切模量对材料动态屈服强度没有影响,而初始屈服强度增大可以明显提高材料的动态屈服强度,达到抑制扰动增长的目的,表明材料屈服强度主导界面扰动增长。     

二维气/液界面不稳定性数值模拟

 以多介质的体积分数方法和三阶PPM（Piecewise Parabolic Method）方法为基础,给出了适用于多介质流体动力学数值模拟的计算方法和程序MFPPM。利用MFPPM程序对在高压气体冲击作用下的气体/液体交界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM）不稳定性及其引起的流体混合现象进行了数值模拟研究。主要研究在不同的初始扰动情况下流体混合区的发展,并细致研究了流体混合区的宽度、气泡和尖钉高度随时间的增长情况及不同初始扰动对它们的影响;同时还研究了网格尺度不同时混合区、气泡以及尖钉的构型和高度的增长情况。通过对计算结果的分析得出,流体混合区、气泡以及尖钉的发展与初始扰动有密切的关系,特别是在后期影响更为显著;混合区宽度的变化过程和尖钉相似,而气泡高度的变化基本上呈线性增长趋势,且受初始扰动的影响比较小,但是其构型却有明显差别;网格的影响也主要体现在对混合区、气泡和尖钉的构型上。     

高雷诺数下非混相Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

本文采用相场格子Boltzmann方法研究了竖直微通道内中等Atwoods数流体的单模Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题,系统分析了雷诺数对相界面动力学行为以及扰动在各发展阶段演化规律的影响.数值结果表明高雷诺数条件下,不稳定性界面扰动的增长经历了四个不同的发展阶段,包括线性增长阶段、饱和速度阶段、重加速阶段及混沌混合阶段.在线性增长阶段,我们计算获得的气泡与尖钉振幅符合线性稳定性理论,并且线性增长率随着雷诺数的增加而增大.在第二个阶段,我们观察到气泡与尖钉将以恒定的速度增长,获得的尖钉饱和速度略高于Goncharov经典势能模型的解析解[Phys.Rev.Lett.200288134502],这归因于系统中产生了多个尺度的旋涡,而涡之间的相互作用促进了尖钉的增长.随着横向速度和纵向速度的差异扩大,气泡和尖钉界面演化诱导产生的Kelvin–Helmholtz不稳定性逐渐增强,从而流体混合区域出现许多不同层次的涡结构,加速了气泡与尖钉振幅的演化速度,并在演化后期阶段,导致界面发生多层次卷起、剧烈变形、混沌破裂等行为,最终形成了非常复杂的拓扑结构.此外,我们还统计了演化后期气泡与尖钉的无量纲加速度,发现气泡和尖钉的振幅在后期呈现二次增长规律,其增长率系数分别为0.045与0.233.而在低雷诺条件下,重流体在不稳定性后期以尖钉的形式向下运动而轻流体以气泡的形式向上升起.在整个演化过程中,界面变得足够光滑,气泡与尖钉在后期的演化速度接近于常数,未观察到后期的重加速与混沌混合阶段.     

强冲击载荷下含杂质的纯铝中微孔洞长大的动力学行为

采用LS-DYNA瞬态动力学有限元程序,对平板撞击加载下含初始杂质的纯铝样品中微孔洞的成核与长大进行了数值模拟。结果表明:微孔洞首先在杂质与基体的边界处成核,随后在局部严重塑性变形驱动下快速线性增长;微孔洞半径的增长速率与冲击加载强度两者之间近似成线性关系;材料屈服强度和初始杂质的大小对微孔洞相对的增长速率有明显的影响;当微孔洞长大阈值取屈服强度的3.5倍时,数值仿真结果与理论分析结果基本一致,这有助于进一步认识孔洞长大的动力学行为。     

表面张力对高雷诺数Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性后期增长的影响

采用多相流的相场格子Boltzmann方法数值研究了微通道内高雷诺数单模Rayleigh-Taylor (RT)不稳定性的后期演化规律,重点分析表面张力对相界面动力学行为以及气泡与尖钉增长的影响.数值实验表明,随着界面张力的增大,可以有效降低演化过程中相界面结构的复杂程度,并抑制不稳定性后期相界面破裂形成离散液滴.另外,增大表面张力可以先促进后抑制气泡振幅的增长,而当表面张力较小时,尖钉振幅增长曲线之间并无明显差别,当表面张力增大到一定值后,它对尖钉振幅的抑制效果可明显地被观察到.进一步,根据不稳定性速度增长曲线,将高雷诺数单模RT不稳定性的演化划分为线性增长、饱和速度增长、重加速、混沌混合四个发展阶段.数值计算获取气泡与尖钉的饱和速度符合包含界面张力效应的势流理论模型.另外还统计了不同表面张力和Atwood数下表征RT不稳定性后期演化的气泡与尖钉增长率,结果显示气泡与尖钉后期增长率随着表面张力的增大总体上呈现出先促进后抑制的规律.最后,从数值计算和理论分析两方面研究了不同Atwood数下RT不稳定性发生的临界表面张力,发现两者结果符合得很好,并且临界表面张力随着流体Atwood数的增大而增大.     

爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性实验研究

金属界面不稳定性是内爆物理压缩过程中关注的重要问题,与传统流体界面不稳定性具有显著区别.由于相关理论和实验诊断技术的限制,目前该问题的研究还明显不足.为加深对金属界面不稳定性扰动增长行为的认识,本文建立了爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性研究的实验诊断技术和数据处理方法,得到了扰动发展早期不同时刻界面扰动增长的X光图像.实验结果分析表明:在爆轰产物的无冲击加载条件下扰动波长基本保持不变,而初始扰动幅值越大,界面扰动增长的趋势就越明显;同时随着样品前界面扰动的不断发展,在样品的后自由面也出现了与前界面初始相位相反的扰动特征,即样品前界面扰动为波谷的位置所对应的后界面先运动而逐渐演变为波峰,而前界面扰动为波峰的位置所对应的后界面则演变为波谷;在5.26μs时刻,界面扰动幅值增长为初始值的700%左右,应变率达到了约105/s.结合数值模拟研究表明:在此情况下常用的Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan模型在一定程度上低估了高纯铜材料强度的强化特性,无法准确地描述强度对界面扰动增长的制稳作用,从而导致数值模拟结果要大于实验测量结果.     

耦合界面张力的三维流体界面不稳定性的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用介观格子Boltzmann方法模拟界面张力作用下三维流体界面的Rayleigh-Taylor (RT)不稳定性的增长过程,主要分析表面张力对流体界面动力学行为及尖钉和气泡后期增长的影响机制.首先发现三维RT不稳定性的发生存在临界表面张力(σ_c),其值随着流体Atwood数的增大而增大,且数值预测值与理论分析结果σ_c=(ρ_h-ρ₁)g/k~2一致.另外,随着表面张力的增大,不稳定性演化过程中界面卷吸程度和结构复杂性逐渐减弱,系统中界面破裂形成离散液滴的数目也显著减少.相界面的后期动力学行为也从非对称发展转向始终保持关于中轴线对称.尖钉与气泡振幅在表面张力较小时对其变化不显著,当表面张力增大到一定值后,可以有效地抑制尖钉与气泡振幅的增长.进一步发现,高雷诺数三维RT不稳定性在不同表面张力下均经历4个不同的发展阶段:线性阶段、饱和速度阶段、重加速和混沌混合阶段.尖钉与气泡在饱和速度阶段以近似恒定的速度增长,其渐进速度的值与修正的势流理论模型结果一致.受非线性Kelvin-Helmholtz旋涡的剪切作...     

柱面内爆驱动金属界面不稳定性的数值模拟研究

对柱面爆轰驱动内壁刻有正弦扰动的金属钢壳与内部硅橡胶界面产生不稳定性问题进行数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果定性符合.与不考虑金属强度情况对比分析认为,未熔化状态下金属强度对不稳定性具有较强抑制作用,在某些加载条件下会使扰动增长率随扰动模数增加而减小.之后,对强度因素影响下内爆压缩驱动金属不稳定性问题的扰动发展规律进行了总结.在聚心反射波到达壳体之前,造成初始界面反转的RM不稳定性起主导作用,随着扰动模数增加扰动由呈近似线性发展到基本不发展变化,基本不变化后的扰动振幅也随模数增加而减小.聚心反射波作用到壳体内界面后,减速RT不稳定性作用明显增强,与强度等因素共同作用造成扰动呈明显非线性发展.无论是前期RM不稳定性主导阶段还是之后以减速RT不稳定性为主的扰动发展阶段,强度因素均能造成未熔化状态下金属不稳定性截止波长存在.     

金属锡Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性对模型参数敏感性的数值分析

利用自研的爆轰与冲击动力学欧拉计算程序和Steinberg-Guinan(SG)本构模型,数值模拟分析了样品初始参数(初始振幅、初始波长、样品初始厚度)和SG本构模型初始参数对爆轰驱动锡Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性增长的影响。结果表明金属锡样品的初始参数对其RT不稳定性增长有很大的影响。RT不稳定性增长随着初始振幅的减小而减小,且存在一个截止初始振幅;存在一个最不稳定的模态(波长),当初始波长大于该波长时,RT不稳定性增长随着初始波长的减小而增大,反之,RT不稳定性增长随着初始波长的减小而减小;样品厚度的增大可以抑制RT不稳定性增长,而且存在一个样品截止厚度。金属锡的RT不稳定性增长对其SG本构模型应变硬化系数和应变硬化指数的变化不敏感,而对压力硬化系数和热软化系数比较敏感。从采用扰动增长法预估材料强度的角度来说,修正压力硬化系数以获得锡合理的材料强度是合理的途径。     

High-amplitude single-mode perturbation evolution at the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

The single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov hydrodynamic instability at light/heavy (air/SF6 and air/CO2), close density (air/N2), and heavy/light (air/He) interfaces has been experimentally studied for a low incident shock wave Mach number. Two identical 2D half sinusoidal initial perturbations, with a relatively high initial amplitude, were considered in order to rapidly reach the nonlinear regime and check the reduction of the initial growth rate compared to that predicted by the small-amplitude theory. The growth rate measurements for the air/SF6 and air/CO2 cases are in excellent agreement with the nonlinear model of Sadot et al. coupled with a reduction factor suggested by Rikanati et al. In the air/N2 case, the reversal phase can be precisely described by the linear theory. Finally, the heavy/light experiment is well described by the Vandenboomgaerde model also coupled with a smaller reduction factor.     

一个用于界面不稳定性实验研究的竖式激波管

 研制了一个可用于气-气界面Rayleigh-Taylor（RT）不稳定性、气-液界面Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM）不稳定性、气-液界面RT和RM耦合不稳定性实验的竖式激波管装置,配备了相应的光学电学测量系统,给出了装置的主要技术参数,以及典型实验的压力-时间曲线。利用这套实验装置,可以精确地控制不稳定性的初始扰动界面,观测记录界面演化发展全过程。     

基于强度介质Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性理论的微缺陷喷射模型

采用二维多介质欧拉弹塑性流体动力学程序,对金属界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性和物质喷射进行流体动力学模拟分析,得到强度效应对界面扰动增长和物质喷射的影响特征,揭示扰动增长与物质喷射之间的内在联系.基于理想弹塑性固体界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性理论,建立强度介质微喷射形成临界判据、喷射总量和最大速度的理论模型.     

Stability of an impulsively accelerated density interface in magnetohydrodynamics

In the framework of ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics, we examine the stability of an impulsively accelerated, sinusoidally perturbed density interface in the presence of a magnetic field that is parallel to the acceleration. This is accomplished by analytically solving the linearized initial value problem, which is a model for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We find that the initial growth rate of the interface is unaffected by the presence of a magnetic field, but for a finite magnetic field the interface amplitude asymptotes to a constant value. Thus the instability of the interface is suppressed. The interface behavior from the analytical solution is compared to the results of both linearized and nonlinear compressible numerical simulations.     

Instability of the Y string baryon model within classical dynamics

For the three-string baryon model (Y configuration), the known exact solution to the classical equations of motion that describes the rotational motion of the system at a constant speed is investigated for stability. In the spectrum of small perturbations of this solution, modes growing exponentially with time are found, whereby the instability of rotational motion is proven for the Y configuration. This result is confirmed within an alternative approach that makes it possible to determine the classical motion of the system from a specific initial position and initial velocities of string points. A comparison of the Y configuration with the model of a relativistic string with massive ends, in which case rotational motion is stable in the linear approximation, aids in revealing the most adequate string model from the point of view of describing baryon excitations on Regge trajectories.     

Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments with precise and arbitrary control of the initial interface shape

In a Rayleigh-Taylor instability a dense fluid sits metastably atop a less dense fluid, a configuration that can be stabilized using a magnetic field gradient when one fluid is highly paramagnetic. On switching off the magnetic field, the instability occurs as the dense fluid falls under gravity. By affixing appropriately shaped magnetically permeable wires to the outside of the cell, one may impose arbitrarily chosen and well-controlled initial perturbations on the interface. This technique is used to examine both the linear and nonlinear growth regimes for which the perturbation amplitudes, growth rates, and nonlinear growth coefficients are obtained.     

Instability of string models of baryons: Character and manifestations

The character of the instability of a rotational state (rotation of the system at a constant speed) against small perturbations is studied in detail for the Y string model of the baryon. It is shown that the existing instability is due to the presence of repeated real-valued frequencies in the spectrum of small perturbations and that there are no complex-valued frequencies in this spectrum. This leads to a linear growth of small-perturbation amplitudes. A comparison of the Y configuration with the q-q-q linear string model of the baryon reveals a difference in the character of the instability of rotational states of these systems and in the manifestations of this instability. In particular, there are exponentially growing modes in the excitation spectrum of the linear model, which lead to an additional contribution to the baryon-state width.     

Nonlinear Saturation Amplitude in Classical Planar Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The classical planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI) at a fluid interface supported by a constant pressure is investigated by a formal perturbation expansion up to the third order,and then according to definition of nonlinear saturation amplitude(NSA) in Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI),the NSA in planar RMI is obtained explicitly.It is found that the NSA in planar RMI is affected by the initial perturbation wavelength and the initial amplitude of the interface,while the effect of the initial amplitude of the interface on the NSA is less than that of the initial perturbation wavelength.Without marginal influence of the initial amplitude,the NSA increases linearly with wavelength.The NSA normalized by the wavelength in planar RMI is about 0.11,larger than that corresponding to RTI.     

Effects of the initial perturbations on the Rayleigh–Taylor–Kelvin–Helmholtz instability system

The effects of initial perturbations on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI), Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI), and the coupled Rayleigh–Taylor–Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (RTKHI) systems are investigated using a multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model. Six different perturbation interfaces are designed to study the effects of the initial perturbations on the instability systems. It is found that the initial perturbation has a significant influence on the evolution of RTI. The sharper the interface, the faster the growth of bubble or spike. While the influence of initial interface shape on KHI evolution can be ignored. Based on the mean heat flux strength D_3,1, the effects of initial interfaces on the coupled RTKHI are examined in detail. The research is focused on two aspects: (i) the main mechanism in the early stage of the RTKHI, (ii) the transition point from KHI-like to RTI-like for the case where the KHI dominates at earlier time and the RTI dominates at later time. It is found that the early main mechanism is related to the shape of the initial interface, which is represented by both the bilateral contact angle θ₁ and the middle contact angle θ₂. The increase of θ₁ and the decrease of θ₂ have opposite effects on the critical velocity. When θ₂ remains roughly unchanged at 90 degrees, if θ₁ is greater than 90 degrees (such as the parabolic interface), the critical shear velocity increases with the increase of θ₁, and the ellipse perturbation is its limiting case; If θ₁ is less than 90 degrees (such as the inverted parabolic and the inverted ellipse disturbances), the critical shear velocities are basically the same, which is less than that of the sinusoidal and sawtooth disturbances. The influence of inverted parabolic and inverted ellipse perturbations on the transition point of the RTKHI system is greater than that of other interfaces: (i) For the same amplitude, the smaller the contact angle θ₁, the later the transition point appears; (ii) For the same interface morphology, the disturbance amplitude increases, resulting in a shorter duration of the linear growth stage, so the transition point is greatly advanced.