Surface roughness measurement based on fiber optic sensor

The multi-wavelength fiber sensor for measuring surface roughness and surface scattering characteristics were investigated. In this paper, specimens with different surface roughness were analyzed by using 650 nm, 1310 nm and 1550 nm laser as the light source, respectively. The working distance of 2 mm was chosen as the optimum measurement distance. The experimental results indicate that multi-wavelength fiber sensor can accurately measure surface roughness, and can effectively reduce the unsystematic error. The light scattering intensity ratio has a good linear relationship with the surface roughness. The minimum relative error of the surface roughness is 2.92%, the maximum relative error is 13.4%, and the average relative error is about 7.48%. The accuracy for measuring surface roughness by multi-wavelength fiber sensor is about twice as large as that by single-wavelength fiber sensor.     

一种反射式光纤传感器的研究

为了解决传统的单端输出Y型分支结构的反射式光纤传感器易受入射光强变化、被测表面形貌不同等因素影响的问题,作者研制了一种具有两个输出端的新结构光纤传感器,并对该光纤传感器在精加工表面上的光反射特性进行了理论分析和实验研究。研究结果表明,光纤测头两输出信号之比与测量距离的变化有较好的线性关系,并能显著减少光源发光强度波动及被测表面粗糙度对位移测量结果的影响,从而有利于提高抗干扰能力和测量精度。因此,这是一种性能比较优越的非接触式微位移传感器。     

Fiber optic displacement sensor for imaging of tooth surface roughness

A simple and inexpensive method using fiber optic displacement sensor is proposed for measurements of tooth surface roughness based on the intensity modulation technique. A light beam was launched onto a tooth surface via a bundled fiber. The reflected light from the surface was collected and measured as a function of lateral distance to estimate the roughness of the surface. The system’s roughness measurement capability was successfully tested on teeth surfaces of varying surface texture. In the measurement, the average surface roughness, R_a for the canine, molar, hybrid composite resin and artificial teeth surfaces were estimated to be approximately 121, 62.6, 39 and 37.6 μm, respectively. The experimental results indicated the capability of implementation of the displacement sensor for the imaging of the tooth surface profile as well as a micron-size roughness estimator with a measurement error of less than 2.35%.     

基于光学色差传感器的表面粗糙度测量

随着机械加工自动化程度的提高，对表面粗糙度的测量提出了越来越高的要求。表面粗糙度的测量一直面临着提高测量精度和抗干扰能力的挑战，提出了一种新的利用光学色差来测量表面粗糙度的非接触测量方法，这一方法不但具有一般非接触测量所具有的快速、对工件表面无损伤等特点，而且在提高精度和抗干扰能力两方面都有很强的优势。重点介绍了利用光学色差法测量表面粗糙度的理论依据以及基于光学色差原理的光学色差传感器，分析了应用光学色差传感器测量表面粗糙度的工作原理。通过实验证明了理论分析与实验结果相符。     

表面粗糙度测量仪工作台设计探讨

传统的触针式轮廓仪,由于易造成表面的损伤,以及只能在实验室环境下使用;而且测量时间较长,已不能满足需要。而一种非接触性的,测量快速、简便,甚至能实现在线或过程测量的表面粗糙度测试方法,则显得具有十分重要的意义。通过对现有触针式轮廓仪工作台的改进的研究,来实现对工作表面粗糙度的非接触式测量。它采用一种新型光纤传感器来测量表面粗糙度和微位移。基于光在粗糙表面的散射原理,采用散射光比法,能对Ra≤0.8um的粗糙表面实现快速、简便的非接触测量。改进后的轮廓仪与通用微型计算机相连,能满足在三维方向上测取粗糙度量值,并将其转化成数字量,用微机处理的要求。     

一种新型的光纤传感器的研究—对微位移的非接触测量

应用光纤传感技术设计一种新型光纤传感器。该传感器可用于表面粗糙度和微小位移的非接触测量。本文论述了其对微位移的测量。在该传感器特有的“零”工作点对信号采用差分放大处理,能实现对微位移的非接触测量,并具有纳米(10~(-?)m)级的分辨率。     

Design and experimental testing of a tactile sensor for self-compensation of contact error in soft tissue stiffness measurement

The measurement of viscoelastic properties of soft tissues has become a research interest with applications in the stiffness estimation of soft tissues, sorting and quality control of postharvest fruit, and fruit ripeness estimation. This paper presents a tactile sensor configuration to estimate the stiffness properties of soft tissues, using fruit as case study. Previous stiffness-measuring tactile sensor models suffer from unstable and infinite sensor outputs due to irregularities and inclination angles of soft tissue surfaces. The proposed configuration introduces two low stiffness springs at the extreme ends of the sensor with one high stiffness spring in-between. This study also presents a closed form mathematical model that considers the maximum inclination angle of the tissue’s (fruit) surface, and a finite element analysis to verify the mathematical model, which yielded stable sensor outputs. A prototype of the proposed configuration was fabricated and tested on kiwifruit samples. The experimental tests revealed that the sensor’s output remained stable, finite, and independent on both the inclination angle of the fruit surface and applied displacement of the sensor. The sensor distinguished between kiwifruit at various stiffness and ripeness levels with an output error ranging between 0.18 % and 3.50 %, and a maximum accuracy of 99.81 %, which is reasonable and competitive compared to previous design concepts.

     

Effects of inclination angles on geometrical features of machined surface in five-axis milling

With the development of manufacturing technology, five-axis milling has been one of the most important solution strategies in machining field. To deepen the understanding of multi-axis processing and improve the application level of the technology, the current work was carried out. This paper investigated the effects of tilt and lead angle on the scallop height, surface roughness, surface topography, and surface damages in five-axis ball-end milling process. Both geometrical analysis and experiment research are conducted to investigate the scallop height after five-axis milling, and variation of the surface roughness and surface topography with tool inclination angle obtained from the experiments was analyzed. Surface damages under the different inclination angles were also observed and analyzed with optical profiler. Several conclusions are made as follows. The inclination angles of the ball-end mill have no effect on the scallop height when only the spherical part of the cutter participates in the cutting process according to the geometrical analysis. Surface roughness with regard to tilt angles presents symmetrical characteristic around 0°. Surface texture feature, especially the texture direction, is closely related with the tool posture. The surface concave pits, convex marks, microscopic cracks, and spot corrosions are mainly the damage forms of the machined surface. More surface blemishes appeared when small inclination angles are adopted in cutting. As a result, the recommendatory inclination angle values for inclination angle are proposed. A better understanding of the five-axis machining process would be given by the detailed analysis of generation reason of the machined surface features, and the results could provide support for process parameter optimization.     

基于明胶的光纤湿度传感系统

随着科学的发展,湿度指标在食品安全、仪器制造、生物研究、金属材料等方面备受重视。传统的湿度检测方法以化学方法和电子传感器检测法为主,化学方法对环境有不同程度的污染,而电子传感器检测法的抗电磁干扰能力差,使用环境受限。为解决这些问题,设计了一种新型的光纤湿度传感系统。系统利用明胶薄膜作为湿度传感核心器件,通过搭建传感光路,测量光强变化确定湿度变化。实验验证证明,系统具有良好的湿度传感效果,湿度与光强基本成线性分布,在线性区间内误差小于1.5%,通过进一步优化后可应用于电磁干扰较大环境下的湿度测量。     

基于光纤传感器的表面粗糙度在线检测研究

介绍一种基于光纤传感器的表面粗糙度在线检测系统，给出了一系列试验结果；讨论了在线检测仪的设计要点以及在线检测存在的问题，如光纤探头的结构、传感器的装夹与定位、仪器的元器件选择、仪器的标定、切削液和测量距离变化的影响等，提出了解决或改进的办法。研究结果表明，该检测系统具有结构简单、工作效率高、抗干扰能力强等特点，适用于静态条件下的快速检测和动态条件下的实时监测，有利于提高机械加工质量和生产效率。