超低噪声单频可调谐光纤激光器

研制了一款超低噪声单频可调谐高抗振激光器,介绍了它的工作原理和设计方案.该激光器工作波长为1 550 nm,主要由单频激光谐振腔、保偏光纤放大器以及监控反馈光路组成.采用了精密稳定的闭环温控技术,使得激光器的工作温度极其稳定,温度控制分辨率达0.001℃.使用了鉴频部件及配套闭环系统锁定激光器的输出频率和功率,由此不仅保证了波长和功率的稳定性能,而且大大降低了激光器的低频噪声,同时制备的激光器光学膜也有效地提高了激光损伤阈值.与同类激光器的性能相比,设计的光纤激光器可保证功率稳定性优于1％,相对强度噪声优于-130 dBc/Hz;选择不同类型的种子光源谐振腔,激光器的线宽可控制在1～400 kHz.另外,激光器的最大波长调谐范围为3 nm,输出功率可达1W.在频率为1 Hz时,其相位噪声低于10 μrad·Hz-1/2/m OPD;抗振动能力可达到0.1g(g为重力加速度).     

基于塞曼效应的半导体激光器锁频系统设计

半导体激光器在原子干涉仪、原子钟、精密测量等领域应用日趋广泛,而其输出光频率易受外界环境温度等影响发生偏移。分析了利用塞曼效应锁定半导体激光器频率的原理,搭建的锁频实验系统中选用Newfocus(TLB-6017,853 nm)可调谐激光器、铯原子注入气室。调节外加磁场大小的同时监测铯原子超精细能级分裂情况,找到适合锁频的铯原子D2线F=4→F′=5吸收峰,经过多次闭环测试,验证了该稳频系统的可靠性,稳定度较高,且系统简单易操作,一小时内激光稳定度为28 MHz,短期激光稳定度为18 MHz。     

高重频短脉冲输出的增益开关型Nd^3＋：YVO4微片激光器

以直流偏置叠加脉冲电流驱动的半导体激光器(LD)作为抽运源,端面抽运Nd3+∶YVO4平-平腔微片激光器.利用增益开关技术,调节LD驱动电流的幅值、脉宽可改变输出激光的脉宽,改变LD驱动电流的重复频率可改变输出激光的重复频率,实现了单模稳定、可控高重复频率的小型、全固化短脉冲激光器,可作为理想的脉冲激光种子光源,应用于激光测距、激光雷达等领域.     

可调谐激光器激光波长宽范围自动偏频锁定

针对激光多波长干涉绝对测距中构建多级合成波长的需求,提出了一种锁至飞秒光频梳的可调谐激光器(External CavityDiode Laser,ECDL)输出激光波长的宽范围自动偏频锁定方法。首先,设计了光栅+双凸透镜梳齿滤波的拍频信号探测单元,实现了宽范围ECDL激光波长与目标梳齿的拍频探测。接着,采用锁相放大原理对拍频信号进行鉴频鉴相,具备捕获带宽大、鉴相范围宽和鉴相精度高的优点。然后,利用多重闭环控制实现了ECDL输出激光波长宽范围的自动调节及偏频锁定。实验结果表明,本方法实现了10 nm波长范围内ECDL至光频梳的自动锁定,拍频信号信噪比的平均值约为35.9 dB;在4h内,ECDL激光频率的标准差为1.49 kHz,1s平均时间的相对阿伦方差为4.76×10^-12,满足精密干涉测量中宽范围波长调节和高精度稳频的要求。     

重复频率锁定的783 nm飞秒光纤激光器研制

设计并搭建了重复频率长时精确锁定的783 nm飞秒光纤激光器。该激光器基于全保偏非线性干涉环镜(NALM),实现掺铒光纤振荡器锁模脉冲输出,由与脉冲分离器级联的环境稳定掺铒光纤双级放大器进行功率放大,实现了平均功率1.30 W、脉冲宽度130 fs、重复频率77.1 MHz、1560 nm脉冲输出;通过周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)光学晶体倍频,获得了平均功率为0.52 W、脉冲宽度为140 fs、783 nm脉冲输出。通过重复频率监测及锁相环技术,进一步将掺铒光纤振荡器的重复频率溯源至参考铷原子钟,12 h内频率抖动峰-峰值为5 mHz、标准偏差为1.2 mHz。该激光器系统具有稳定性高、集成度高、体积小的特点。     

微型铷原子钟专用795nm垂直腔表面发射激光器

针对铷(87 Rb)原子钟激励光源微型化和高温工作的特殊需求,设计并制备了对应铷原子能级跃迁的795nm垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)。首先,根据k·p理论计算了InAlGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱的价带能级和材料增益,得到最优的量子阱组分和厚度;然后,采用一维传输矩阵方法设计了795nm波段的布拉格反射器(DBR),根据完整结构VCSEL器件的驻波场分布设计了掺杂分布;最后,采用金属有机气相外延(MOVPE)技术生长了优化的795nm VCSEL外延结构,并制备了氧化限制型非闭合台面结构的795nm顶发射器件。实验显示:封装后的75μm口径器件可在室温至85℃范围内连续工作,最高功率为17mW,激光光束呈圆形,发散角为15°,激射波长的温漂系数为0.064nm/℃;在温度为52℃、注入电流为100mA时,激射波长位于794.7nm(对应铷原子钟需要的波长),基本满足铷原子钟激励光源对波长稳定和高温工作的要求。     

纳米精度干涉测量中半导体激光器的光频调制方法

根据半导体激光器光注入调制理论和实验,基于不同光注入条件下的频率调制特性,提出了三种半导体激光器光频调制的具体方案。通过使用给出的光强反馈及电路控制方法,能使半导体激光器在其光频受调制期间,其输出光强的变化的范围大幅度减小。这些半导体激光器光频调制的方法用于干涉测量系统中,能极大地减小光强波动对测量精度的影响,可实现纳米级的高精度激光干涉测量。     

高重频短脉冲输出的增益开关型Nd~(3+)∶YVO_4微片激光器

以直流偏置叠加脉冲电流驱动的半导体激光器(LD)作为抽运源,端面抽运Nd3+∶YVO4平-平腔微片激光器。利用增益开关技术,调节LD驱动电流的幅值、脉宽可改变输出激光的脉宽,改变LD驱动电流的重复频率可改变输出激光的重复频率,实现了单模稳定、可控高重复频率的小型、全固化短脉冲激光器,可作为理想的脉冲激光种子光源,应用于激光测距、激光雷达等领域。     

基于DAVLL技术的半导体激光器稳频装置设计

分析了二向色性原子蒸气激光频率锁定(dichroic atomic vapor laser lock,DAVLL)技术稳定激光器频率的原理,并采用DFB894.6nm半导体激光器和Cs原子气室搭建稳频实验装置。实验测量了不同磁场条件下的DAVLL光谱,发现Cs原子D1线的DAVLL光谱零值点处的斜率随磁场强度增加而增大,但谱线零点斜率不随磁场变化。根据半导体激光器锁频原理设计制作了驱动电路,测试结果表明,该稳频装置的短时频率稳定度达16 MHz。     

利用信号拼接提高调频连续波激光测距系统的分辨力

提出了一种对等频率间隔的采样信号进行拼接来提高调频连续波激光测距系统的测距分辨力的方法。研究了调频连续波激光测距的原理,设计搭建了基于一种双干涉系统的光纤调频连续波激光测距系统。利用辅助干涉系统产生的时钟信号对测量干涉系统的信号进行等光频间隔的采样,然后对采样信号进行拼接。使用LabVIEW设计了信号错误检测处理、采样和拼接的信号处理系统。利用该测距系统进行了实验验证,结果显示,将等光频间隔的采样信号进行拼接的方法可以突破激光器扫描范围的限制,减少光源非线性的影响,从而提高系统的测距分辨力。得到结果表明,在测量距离为8.7m时,该系统的测距分辨力可达70μm,30组测量结果的重复性标准差为35μm。     

具有隔离器功能的激光干涉仪的研究

提出了一种具有隔离器功能的激光干涉仪.既可以进行干涉测量,又具有隔离器功能,可以防止反射光回到光源,使光源保持稳定,确保了测量精度.该干涉仪由常规干涉仪和双级隔离器的结构有机的结合起来,其中某些元件合二为一,使一个元件起到双重功能的作用,同时使干涉光路和隔离光路也相互重合起来.理论分析和实验研究表明:该方案是可行的.隔离度与双级隔离器的隔离度相同,达到了48dB.该装置的干涉测量精度与一般干涉仪一样取决于激光波长,但该装置结构紧凑,简化了测量系统,实际使用更为方便.     

垂直腔面发射激光器温度控制装置的设计

介绍一种VCSEL(垂直腔面发射激光器)激光二极管温度控制装置的设计.该装置采用了圆筒形的热沉、圆筒形TEC(热电制冷器)和冷却板,把激光管置于圆筒形的冷却板之内,由于圆筒形的热沉、TEC和冷却板与激光二极管接触面积较大,所以无形中提高了温度控制系统的散热和加热效率,从而提高了系统的温度稳定性和控制范围.     

Closed-loop wavelength stabilization of an optical parametric oscillator as a front end of a high-power iodine laser chain

We present a complex stabilization and control system for a commercially available optical parametric oscillator. The system is able to stabilize the oscillator's output wavelength at a narrow spectral line of atomic iodine with subpicometer precision, allowing utilization of this solid-state parametric oscillator as a front end of a high-power photodissociation laser chain formed by iodine gas amplifiers. In such setup, a precise wavelength matching between the front end and the amplifier chain is necessary due to extremely narrow spectral lines of the gaseous iodine (approximately 20 pm). The system is based on a personal computer, a heated iodine cell, and a few other low-cost components. It automatically identifies the proper peak within the iodine absorption spectrum, and then keeps the oscillator tuned to this peak with high precision and reliability. The use of the solid-state oscillator as the front end allows us to use the whole iodine laser system as a pump laser for the optical parametric chirped pulse amplification, as it enables precise time synchronization with a signal Ti:sapphire laser.     

High coherent bi-chromatic laser with gigahertz splitting produced by the high diffraction orders of acousto-optic modulator used for coherent population trapping experiments

To prepare the coherent population trapping (CPT) states with rubidium and cesium, the commonly used atoms in CPT studies, a coherent bi-chromatic light field with frequency difference of several GHz is a basic requirement. With a 200 MHz center frequency acousto-optic modulator (AOM), we have realized bi-chromatic laser fields with several GHz frequency splits through high diffraction orders. We have experimentally studied the coherence between two frequency components of a bi-chromatic laser beam, which is composed of ±6 orders with frequency split of 3 GHz diffracted from the same laser beam, and the measured residual phase noise is Δφ(2)<0.019 rad(2). The bi-chromatic laser fields were used to prepare CPT states with (85)Rb and (87)Rb atoms, and high contrast CPT signals were obtained. For CPT states preparation, our study result shows that it is a feasible approach to generate the bi-chromatic light field with larger frequency splits through high diffraction orders of AOM.     

Automation of a Research Facility for Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation

The problems of introducing automation into experimental studies required for the development of an atomic vapor laser isotope separation method are considered. The investigations are carried out at a facility consisting of a vacuum module and a set of wavelength-tunable dye lasers pumped with copper vapor lasers. The vacuum module contains an atomic beam source, a quadrupole mass spectrometer, and a luminescence detection system. The approaches used to stabilize the laser wavelength and to scan the laser wavelength with the simultaneous recording of the mass-spectrometer and luminescence signals in strong high-frequency electromagnetic fields accompanying the operation of copper vapor lasers are also considered. Examples of experimental results are presented.     

Longitudinally excited N(2) lasers without high-voltage switches

We have developed novel excitation circuits without high-voltage switches for two longitudinally excited N(2) lasers (wavelength: 337 nm). One uses a single tube without a trigger and the other uses a tandem tube with a trigger. In both systems, the discharge tube acts as a switch. In the single-tube system, the laser output energy was 125.8 microJ and the efficiency was 0.16% at 18 Torr (2.4 kPa) when a slow-rising voltage pulse of -28 kV was applied (rise time: 21.3 micros). In the tandem-tube system, the laser output energy was 259.4 microJ and the efficiency was 0.11% at 18 Torr when a slow-rising voltage pulse of -48 kV was applied (rise time: 27 micros).     

Design and test of miniaturized glass ceramics HeNe laser with frequency and intensity simultaneously stabilized

A miniaturized HeNe laser with intensity and frequency simultaneously stabilized is described. The laser uses a monoblock glass ceramics as its tube to construct an improved steady structure. The closed loop cavity length control system stabilizes its frequency and the discharge current regulating system stabilizes its intensity. The electronic system integrating power supply and stabilization system is designed within two small circuit boards. The laser tube and circuit boards are assembled into a small package with dimensions of 180?mm×100?mm×150?mm. The laser outputs s-polarized light at wavelength of 632.99 nm with power of 0.44 mW. Test results show that its frequency stability can reach 8.4×10(-11) (1s Allan variance over 3 h) and frequency reproducibility at 1.3×10(-8). The laser's intensity stability is 0.011% over 9 h.     

Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography

A time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is described that uses mid-infrared light (6-8 microm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first OCT system that operates in the mid-infrared spectral region. It has been designed to characterize bioengineered tissues in terms of their structure and biochemical composition. The system is based upon a free-space Michelson interferometer with a germanium beam splitter and a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe detector. A key component of this work has been the development of a broadband quantum cascade laser source (InGaAs/AlInAs containing 11 different active regions of the three well vertical transition type) that emits continuously over the 6-8 microm wavelength range. This wavelength range corresponds to the so called "mid-infrared fingerprint region" which exhibits well-defined absorption bands that are specifically attributable to the absorbing molecules. Therefore, this technology provides an opportunity for optical coherence molecular imaging without the need for molecular contrast agents. Preliminary measurements are presented.     

基于平板电脑和STM32的多波长自动旋光仪软件设计

旋光度是反映物质旋光性质的指标,通过测定旋光度,可分析物质的浓度、含量、纯度等。SGW-5多波长自动旋光仪利用平面偏振光和法拉弟磁光效应测量旋光物质在特定检测波长和温度下的旋光度。为了满足SGW-5的功能需要,采用了带WINCE嵌入式系统的平板电脑和STM32单片机相结合的硬件系统,并对该系统进行软件设计。该软件设计在几个方面有一定特点,达到了仪器的性能指标要求。     

A fiber optic methane sensor based on wavelength adaptive vertical cavity surface emitting laser without thermoelectric cooler

Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique and the feature of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) wavelength scanning range up to dozens of nanometer, methane detection technique based on wavelength adaptive VCSEL without Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC), is proposed, then the laser methane sensor system design is followed. The reliability experiments study under variety of environments in laboratory, such as temperature impact test, damp heat, and cyclic and dusty impact test, were carried out. And then the test data and some analysis were given. These data verified the feasibility of the wavelength adaptive technique, and these data showed the laser methane sensor can provide long working time without any calibration, and they have the advantages of high accuracy and stability.