大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工发展现状及展望

大直径菲涅尔透镜广泛应用于太阳能电站、背投显示等领域,但其模具加工制造难度大。针对大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工设备及加工工艺的发展状况进行了深入的分析研究,总结了大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工的研究现状,展望了其未来的发展方向。     

大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工发展现状及展望

针对大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工设备及加工工艺的发展状况进行了深入的分析研究,总结了大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工的研究现状,展望了其未来的发展方向。     

蜂窝式阵列菲涅尔透镜的配光设计

单元结构、阵列排布和偏转控制是阵列菲涅尔透镜的三个重要因素。单元结构采用了棱镜加菲涅尔透镜结构,排布方式引入蜂窝式阵列,构成蜂窝式阵列菲涅尔透镜。该透镜可以将准直光源发出的光线投射到1m远、直径为30mm的圆形区域内并形成特定图形。通过调整菲涅尔透镜的各个独立环带的倾角,以及每个菲涅尔透镜的背侧光面倾角的优化,实现了一款蜂窝式阵列菲涅尔透镜的光学设计。通过光学仿真分析,结果表明该设计方法灵活可靠,光线控制效果良好,具有实现图像级配光的能力。     

基于菲涅尔透镜的室内LED射灯配光设计

为了将LED发出的光均匀投射到3m远直径为1m的圆形区域内,设计了一种LED(发光二极管)射灯。采用菲涅尔透镜对射灯进行二次光学配光设计,并通过调整菲涅尔透镜的各个独立环带的倾角来优化投射光的分布。文中对菲涅尔透镜的投光效果、安全性和加工误差等方面进行了考察,结果表明设计是安全的、可靠的并具有良好的投光效果。     

基于H62黄铜的大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工工艺实验研究

以振动法和声发射技术为基础,采用超精密金刚石车削加工技术对H62黄铜模具材料进行大直径菲涅尔透镜模具加工工艺的实验研究。实验表明:刀尖角、刀具后角和切削液是影响加工表面质量的主要因素。当刀尖角54°、刀具后角3°、切削液采用微乳化液时,切削状态最佳,可以有效地提高刀具耐用度和加工表面质量。     

微细铣削铝合金表面粗糙度的实验研究

利用直径为2 mm的立铣刀对铝合金进行铣槽实验,研究分析切削速度与每齿进给量交互作用对加工槽底表面粗糙度的影响.实验结果表明:每齿进给量小于4μm时,随着切削速度的提高表面粗糙度值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;而每齿进给量大于6μm时,随切削速度的提高表面粗糙度值先增大后减小.切削速度较低时,表面粗糙度值随每齿进给量的增大先减小后增大;但切削速度大于30 m/min时,随着每齿进给量的增大,表面粗糙度值呈现逐渐增大的趋势.     

大视场菲涅尔透镜的聚光效率模拟和分析

大视场菲涅尔聚焦透镜在180°的范围内各个视场下均能实现较理想的聚焦。根据现有的大视场菲涅尔聚焦透镜的设计结果,利用Zemax软件在非序列环境下自定义面型的功能对该设计进行模拟分析。模拟菲涅尔透镜在不同方向的平行光照射下的聚焦情况。通过对不同方向的光线照射下探测器接收到能量的情况进行分析,得到了相应的聚光效率,为设计的可行性提供了分析依据。     

菲涅耳透镜的通光分析及设计方法探讨

研究了菲涅耳透镜成像质量差的原因,提出一种改进的方法,即改善轴外点的成像质量以增大菲涅耳透镜的视场。分析了三种常用的设计菲涅耳透镜的方法,用光学设计软件Zem ax模拟设计结果,对三种设计方法进行比较。得出结论:像面为曲面时可校正场曲;基面和底面为曲面的菲涅耳透镜与平面型菲涅尔透镜相比彗差较小。     

PCBN刀具断续切削高强度钢的实验研究

通过整体PCBN刀具硬态切削淬硬钢58SiMn实验,研究了切削速度和进给量对切削力及表面粗糙度的影响.实验结果表明:切削力和表面粗糙度值都随进给量增加而增大;在较低切削速度时切削力随切削速度提高而减小,当切削速度达到一定程度时出现拐点,继续提高切削速度切削力逐渐增大.在实验条件下,切削速度低于569 m/min时刀片以磨损为主;当速度为768 m/min时,以崩刃为主.     

红外菲涅尔透镜的注射超声辅助成型优化

为了提升聚合物红外菲涅尔透镜的光学性能,以其表面微沟槽的成型质量为目标,提出了一种高效的注射超声辅助成型方法,并对工艺参数进行了综合质量优化。首先分析了超声振动对聚合物的加热和加压效应,设计了一套一模两腔的对比试验模具;接着以红外菲涅尔透镜的调制传递函数MTF和齿形平均高度h为优化质量目标,设计了四步骤的多目标优化流程,通过试验设计、基于BP神经网络的质量目标与注射工艺参数关系建模、基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标优化和试验验证进行工艺参数的综合优化。实验结果表明:该多目标优化流程具有很高的精度,MTF和h的平均预测误差MPE分别为4.16%和3.32%;注射超声辅助成型的菲涅尔透镜微沟槽具有更高的复制质量,其齿沟槽平均高度h增加了15.6%,且h值的波动量随着h值的增大而增大,MTF值受齿高h均匀性的影响大于齿高h对其的影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.