金刚石车削工件表面轮廓的仿真与分析

对振动情况下加工的工件表面的三维形貌进行了仿真 ,并从理论上对工件表面形貌的径向、周向与刀具螺旋轨迹方向的截面轮廓进行了分析。结果表明 :不同的截面轮廓分别载有不同的表面特征信息 ,利用这些特征有助于对刀具与工件间的相对振动进行辨识。采用有关文献中的试验数据对仿真结果进行了验证     

超精密加工的三维表面形貌预测

描述并建立了仿真超精密加工的三维表面形貌模型。三维表面形貌模型由切削参数,刀具几何形状及刀具与工件的相对运动来表征,通过将预测的表面粗糙度轮廓线性映射到网格 面元上来生成已加工表面的形貌,实际的加工和测量实验表明,仿真的三维表面形貌和由激光干涉形貌仪测量得到的三维形貌具有很好的相似性。该模型可用来确定如刀具切削运动的迹线,表面波度等表面特征。     

基于三维形貌仿真的超精密飞切加工表面质量影响因素分析

在超精密飞切加工中,加工表面的三维形貌特征主要包括粗糙度、波纹度和面形,不同的三维形貌特征受到不同表面质量因素的影响。为了研究不同因素对表面质量的影响情况,首先对超精密飞切加工过程中的影响因素进行了分析;然后,基于刀刃复印的原则,建立了一种超精密飞切加工表面三维形貌的仿真模型;最后,基于该模型,对工艺参数及刀具-工件的相对振动等主要因素的影响规律进行了分析,获得了加工表面主要空间频率与相对振动频率之间的关系。     

振动辅助铣削加工仿生表面研究

为探究沿进给方向施加振动辅助铣削加工仿生表面形貌的可行性,通过数学计算获得了刀具与工件分离的条件。设计了仿真分析方案,将振动辅助铣削MATLAB仿真刀尖轨迹与实验加工表面以及典型生物表面形貌进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,振动辅助铣削表面形貌和典型生物表面形貌具有相似性,证明了振动辅助铣削加工技术在仿生表面加工领域应用的可行性。     

高速铣削半圆弧工件表面形貌的仿真

在高速铣削情况下,利用平面刃球头铣刀沿半圆弧路线进行加工,对加工后的表面形貌进行理论建模与仿真。给出在空间三维切削时刀具切削刃的运动轨迹数学模型,并借助该模型给出球头刀切削半圆弧工件表面形貌的仿真算法。     

基于动力学响应的球头刀五轴铣削表面形貌仿真

针对自由曲面球头刀五轴铣削中刀具与工件复杂的位姿关系,利用球头铣削刃的三维次摆线轨迹,提出一种在工件表面等距离间隔缓存残留高度、在刀具端等时间间隔缓存振动响应的双缓存离散机制,分别实现五轴铣削中的名义加工表面形貌建模与系统动态响应轨迹仿真。在此基础上,以切削刃经过工件表面残留区域的时间信息为纽带,利用系统瞬时动态位移响应的插值信息对已加工表面法向残留高度进行修正,建立考虑铣削系统动力学响应的已加工表面形貌预测模型。以变切深、变转速、恒定的刀具倾角与每齿进给量所进行的验证试验表明,提出的球头刀五轴铣削表面形貌建模方法可有效预测颤振工况与稳定铣削工况的加工表面形貌与纹理特征。     

工件表面三维形貌建模与仿真分析

提出一种描述外圆车削加工表面三维形貌的建模方法.考虑刀尖圆弧半径、进给速度以及刀具一工件之间的相对振动等因素,并通过Matlab软件进行仿真,直观地反映出零件表面的三维形貌的变化情况.     

产品几何规范中非理想表面的多尺度表征

考虑目前多数计算机辅助公差工具仅能针对具有理想几何表面的CAD模型,无法从物理几何角度真正反映制造误差,本文研究了非理想表面的多尺度表征,提出了一种能够表征产品表面及其截面轮廓宏观及微观多尺度形貌误差的非理想表面模型。首先,提出了一种利用离散小波实现形貌误差多尺度仿真的方法;其次,针对实际工件,利用离散小波对其表面及截面轮廓采样数据进行形貌误差多尺度仿真;最后,对形貌误差各尺度成分进行合成,得到具有多尺度形貌误差成分的工件三维表面及其二维截面轮廓的非理想表面模型。仿真及实验结果表明:利用提出方法可以实现具有多尺度形貌误差的非理想表面模型表征;仿真所得粗糙度R_a值与白光干涉仪测量所得值的平均相对误差不超过4%。得到的结果证明了提出方法的正确性和可行性,为更加全面地表征产品的非理想表面模型提供了有效途径。     

工具钢在超声波振动条件下的切削研究

运用超声波振动驱动PCD刀具对Stavax工具钢进行切削试验,并对比研究普通切削和超声波振动切削的加工工件表面粗糙度和刀具磨损试验结果,获得超声波振动切削时工件表面粗糙度、刀具磨损与加工参数之间的变化规律.     

超精密车削表面三维形貌的形成及加工影响因素分析

全面分析了超精密加工表面形貌及其特征的形成，认为它是实际粗糙度表面、波纹度表面和几何形状特征表面的叠加。基于机床工艺系统和加工过程，详细分析了超精密车削表面三维形貌的加工影响因素，认为刀具几何开头、进给量和切削深度影响理想粗糙度表面的形成，工件材料特性和刀具与工件间相对振动影响实际粗糙度表面和波纹度表面的形成，加工进给运动误差影响几何形状特征表面的形成。     

Application of time delay resonator to machine tools

Undesirable vibration can negatively affect the performance of machineries. In case of a machine tool, it negatively affects machining accuracy and tool life. Performance may be improved at the design stage by increasing machine stiffness. However, this is difficult to accomplish with existing machines. This paper implements a delay resonator (DR) on model of a typical machine tool to minimize relative vibration between the cutting tool and workpiece during machining process. The DR is a tunable vibration absorber which converts a conventional passive absorber into a marginally stable resonator. This structure absorbs all the vibratory energy at its point of attachment. A strategy called ??Stability charts?? is used not only to resolve the stability question but also to find out gain and time delay of the absorption. Results show that relative motion between cutting tool and workpiece is reduced significantly.     

BTA深孔加工系统中工件的振动分析

将深孔加工中的工件简化成两端固定支撑的旋转梁,建立工件的动力学模型,运用梁理论得到工件的自由振动方程,利用MATLAB拟合分析在不同切削位置、不同主轴转速和不同进给量情况下工件的振动偏移量。分析结果表明,加工到工件的不同位置时,工件的偏移量不同,中心处工件偏移量最大;增大刀具的进给量,工件的振动偏移量增大;转速的变化对工件的振动影响较小。     

CNC铣床切削颤振的动态性能试验分析

以一台大型数控内齿铣齿机为研究对象,结合切削颤振稳定性极限理论与动力学试验,测量机床刀具和工件间相对激振的频率响应曲线,并进行试验模态分析以及切削试验,得出机床振动的各个频率与振型.经对比,找出切削颤振的主振频率.     

基于Lempel-Ziv指标的主轴系统退化

为了检测机床主轴系统在使用过程中状态的变化,提出了一种基于复杂度指标的劣化分析方法。以某磨床空转运行时工件主轴系统产生的振动信号为分析对象,采用复杂度指标对磨床在数月使用过程中工件主轴的状态进行判断。分析结果表明,随着使用时间的增加,工件主轴系统产生的振动信号的复杂度增加。为了验证复杂度指标在劣化分析中的有效性,采用复杂度指标对美国凯斯西储大学公布的劣化轴承数据进行分析,结果表明,该方法在劣化分析中是可行的。     

REDUCTION OF MACHINING VIBRATION BY USE OF RUBBER LAYERED LAMINATES BETWEEN TOOL HOLDER AND INSERT

The aim of the present study is to investigate chatter when using carbide inserts by measuring surface roughness of the workpiece. Dimensional accuracy of the workpiece is affected by vibration. In order to suppress chatter, the tool was provided with an ultra thin metal rubber laminate between the tool holder and insert. An experimental investigation has been carried out in CNC lathe using a “design of experiments” approach. In this study, vibration of the tool and surface roughness of the workpiece were measured. It has been observed that the vibration of the tool, as well as the tool insert, has been reduced by using ultra thin rubber layered laminates, and the surface finish of the workpiece has been improved.     

Research on unbounded abrasive polishing process with assisted ultrasonic vibration of workpiece

Ultrasonic-assisted machining was an effective method to improve the material removal quality especially to difficult-to-cut metal materials. The ultrasonic vibration was usually superimposed on the machining tool but seldom on the workpiece, although the ultrasonic vibration of workpiece could improve the processability of material more effectively. In this paper, a rectangle hexahedron ultrasonic sonotrode with optimized slots was developed as a platform to realize the assisted ultrasonic vibration of workpiece and the ultrasonic-assisted polishing process of austenitic stainless steel was also studied. The unbounded abrasive was selected as polishing medium, and the path compensation strategy of soft polishing tool was carried out for getting uniform polishing force. The orthogonal experiments were designed to study the optimization of ultrasonic polishing parameters and the relation between different types of ultrasonic polishing path and polishing quality. The results appear that the horizontal ultrasonic vibration of workpiece can reduce polishing force and improve polished surface roughness, which can also reinforce the proportion of plastic shear effect in the material removal process. The ultrasonic polishing path keeping consistent with workpiece vibration direction can get more uniform polishing force and better surface roughness. And the 45° oblique crossing ultrasonic path can get the maximum average polishing force reduction by 75.2 %.     

REDUCTION OF MACHINING VIBRATION BY USE OF RUBBER LAYERED LAMINATES BETWEEN TOOL HOLDER AND INSERT

The aim of the present study is to investigate chatter when using carbide inserts by measuring surface roughness of the workpiece. Dimensional accuracy of the workpiece is affected by vibration. In order to suppress chatter, the tool was provided with an ultra thin metal rubber laminate between the tool holder and insert. An experimental investigation has been carried out in CNC lathe using a “design of experiments” approach. In this study, vibration of the tool and surface roughness of the workpiece were measured. It has been observed that the vibration of the tool, as well as the tool insert, has been reduced by using ultra thin rubber layered laminates, and the surface finish of the workpiece has been improved.     

Force prediction and stability analysis of plunge milling of systems with rigid and flexible workpiece

Time domain simulation model is developed to study the dynamics of plunge milling process for system with rigid and flexible workpiece. The model predicts the cutting forces, system vibration as a function of workpiece and tool dynamics, tool setting errors, and tool kinematics and geometry. A horizontal approach is used to compute the chip area to consider the contribution of the main and side edge in the cutting zone and to deal with any geometric shape of the insert. The dynamic chip area is evaluated based on the interaction of the insert main and side cutting edges with the workpiece geometry determined by the pilot hole and surface left by the previous insert. For the case of system with a flexible workpiece, the workpiece dynamics, as well as its variation in the axial direction with respect to hole location, is considered in the simulation. Cutting tests with single and double inserts were carried out to validate the simulation model and predicted stability lobe for both systems with rigid and flexible workpiece and to check the correctness of the cutting coefficient model. Good agreement was found between the measured and the predicted cutting forces and vibration signals and power spectra. This indicates the ability of the model to accurately predict cutting forces, system vibration, and process stability for process planning prior to machining. The results show dominance of workpiece dynamics in the axial direction for systems with flexible workpiece due to its flexibility as compared to the tool axial rigidity. On the other hand, chatter behavior was found to occur due to tool lateral modes for case of rigid workpiece.     

Visualization of fluctuations in internal stress distribution of workpiece during ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting

The aim of this study is to construct visualization system of stress distribution under ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting condition in order to investigate the cutting phenomenon. The vibrating cutting edge is considered to be cause of dynamic change of cutting force at ultrasonic frequency. However, many researchers have explained the effect of ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting by evaluating the time-averaged cutting force, because it is difficult to measure the dynamic cutting force by using dynamometers. In this study, the instantaneous stress distribution on workpiece was visualized by photoelastic method in combination of pulse laser emission synchronized with vibration of cutting edge. Orthogonal cutting test was carried out at low cutting speed relative to vibration speed of insert. A constructed photographic system divided the ultrasonic vibration period of 36.2 μs into 360 points and took one photograph frame at each point. By counting the number of criteria pixels which images the cutting stress, the intermittent cutting condition was evaluated. It was experimentally confirmed that the stress distribution under vibration-assisted condition showed the periodical change synchronized with insert vibration. Because these results are compatible with well-known vibration cutting theories, the imaging system is able to show the periodic change of stress distribution in ultrasonic frequency band. The intermittent cutting condition was affected not only feed speed but also depth of cut. The theory of relative motion between tool and workpiece is insufficient to explain these results. Therefore, remnants formed due to elastic deformation of the workpiece were examined. The vibration cutting dramatically reduced the elastic deformation and the vibration amplitude had effect on the amount of remnant thickness.