Measurement of active power by time domain digital signal processing

This paper compares DSP time domain algorithms of one-phase active power measurement by non-coherent sampling that are superior to some frequency domain algorithms in active power estimation of non-sinusoidal signals. The measurement bias, uncertainty and sampling time necessary for the required accuracy are compared for various data windows with the use of simulations and measurements. Both monofrequency and multifrequency signals are dealt with. Analytical formulas are presented for the active power bias for rectangular and general cosine windows and for standard uncertainty of active power measurement. A simple method is described for correction of the multiplexing delay in power measurement using multiplexing DAQ boards. The information from this paper can also be used for measuring energy consumption and three-phase power.     

海底热液口温度场高精度声学测量方法研究

介绍了海底热液口温度场原位声学测量的基本原理、总体最小二乘重建方法和抛物插值算法。在云南省龙陵县茄子山水库进行湖底试验研究,基于总体最小二乘重建方法准确地还原出湖底热泉的温度场原位分布;将抛物插值算法应用于声波飞渡时间延时估计,并对抛物插值前后重建出的温度场进行最大绝对误差、最大相对误差和均方根误差分析。实验表明:总体最小二乘重建方法和抛物插值算法可用于海底热液口温度场的原位测量,且重建精度比较高。     

Estimating ultrasonic time of flight using envelope and quasi maximum likelihood method for damage detection and assessment

Time of flight (TOF) is widely used to locate and size faults in ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE). In this paper, we propose a novel model-based method for ultrasonic echo parameter estimation. The ultrasonic signal is assumed to be composed of an unknown number of Gaussian echoes corrupted by white Gaussian noise. Firstly, the Hilbert transform is used to extract the envelope of the signal. It is shown that the parameter estimation of the signal is improved by using the envelope. To estimate the parameters of the envelope of the signal, quasi maximum likelihood method is used. The number of echoes is estimated using consistent Akaike information criterion. Two measures are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method: (a) probability of detection of backscattered echoes and (b) the error of estimated time of flights. The proposed method is then compared to the cross-correlation method and the maximum likelihood method which uses the original signal. Simulated and experimental signals are used to evaluate the performance of each method. Both experimental and simulated results show that the proposed method can improve the parameter estimation which ultimately enhances the damage detection and assessment.     

基于三次hermite插值lmd方法的往复压缩机故障诊断技术

针对往复压缩机振动信号的强非平稳特性和多分量耦合特性,提出了一种基于三次hermite插值的lmd方法.该方法结合三次hermite插值法的优良保形特性,以其对信号极值点进行插值包络,提高局部均值函数和包络估计函数的拟合精度.以往复压缩机轴承故障振动信号为研究对象,通过与原有lmd方法的对比,验证了此方法的优越性,实现了轴承间隙故障的准确诊断.     

Non-parametric estimation of the amplitude ratio of sinusoidal signals with common frequency

The systematic bias error of the amplitude ratio estimation owed to leakage effect can be effectively reduced by employment of the non-parametric multi-point interpolation of the discrete Fourier transform in the quotient of amplitudes. Simple single-step algorithms for fast measurement and estimation of the amplitude ratio of sinusoidal signals with the same frequency from two channels are presented. The paper analyzes and compares the systematic bias errors and the noise error behaviors of the amplitude ratio estimation changing the order of Rife–Vincent windows class I, which are designed for maximization of the window spectrum side-lobe fall-off, and minimum side-lobe level (MSL) windows, which are designed for minimization of the energy in the window spectrum main lobe. Estimation errors are shown in relation to the number of signal cycles in the measurement interval.     

传感器调零误差对直线误差分离的影响规律及其确定方法分析

分析了多点法直线 EST中传感器初始调零误差对直线误差分离结果的影响 ,指出不同方法的影响规律不同 :时域三点法中调零误差使直线形状误差按抛物线规律呈非线性增大 ,对直线误差评定产生很大影响 ;时域二点法中调零误差使直线形状误差线性增大 ,但对评定无影响 ;频域三点法的直线误差则不受调零误差的影响。提出了通过构造软基准来确定调零误差的两种方法 :时域频域结合法和对称反转配置法 ,可以克服常规方法的局限性     

Accurate ultrasound speed measurement using an MLS-modulated continuous wave

The continuous wave shows greater potential than the pulse signal to achieve high-accuracy ultrasound speed measurement thanks to its stronger noise resistance. However, the accuracy of ultrasound speed measurement would deteriorate if echoes exist in the received continuous wave. This paper presents an applicable method using the maximum length sequence-modulated continuous wave. The present method improves the accuracy of ultrasound speed measurement further by resisting echoes. The time delay between the received signal and the transmitted signal is estimated accurately by combining the cross-correlation, parabolic interpolation and phase shift technique. Moreover, both the inherent delays induced by physical system and the path length of ultrasound are expediently corrected through least square estimation. As a result, accurate time of flight and ultrasound speed measurement are achievable. For example, the standard deviation of ultrasound speed measurement in distilled water is less than 0.003 m/s, and the deviation between the ultrasound speed measurement and the reference is less than 0.04 m/s.     

Gaussian-Taylor signal-to-noise ratio estimation for scanning electron microscope images

A new and robust parameter estimation technique, named Gaussian-Taylor interpolation, is proposed to predict the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope images. The results of SNR and variance estimation values are tested and compared with piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation, quadratic spline interpolation, autoregressive moving average and moving average. Overall, the proposed estimations for noise-free peak and SNR are most consistent and accurate to within a certain acceptable degree compared with the others.     

一种三次插值样条曲线的插补方法研究

针对复杂轮廓零件数控加工的实际需求,基于数据采样插补原理,对一种三次插值样条曲线的插补算法进行了研究.样条曲线进行参数化运算插补,先使用一系列首尾相接的微小直线段来逼近给定的插值样条曲线轮廓,再利用轨迹空间与参变量空间的对应关系,控制参变量,求取插补点坐标,得到整个离散化插补轨迹.此算法加工速度稳定性高,有利于高速高精地生成插补轨迹.     

Test bed for power amplifier behavioral characterization and modeling

Traditional test bed of power amplifier (PA) behavioral characterization and modeling based on vector signal analyzer (VSA) and often equipped with specialized software is both expensive and inflexible to modify to suit different scenarios. In this paper, a new test bed based on an oscilloscope or other general purpose data acquisition systems, which works as analog to digital converter (ADC) with a proper (radio frequency) RF bandwidth and maximum sampling rate, is proposed. The common impairments, e.g. transmitter IQ imbalances, channel delay, frequency offset, and carrier phase offset, are all well compensated. The accurately recovered envelopes of the PA’s input and output signals are used for a PA behavioral characterization and modeling. Furthermore, Relative envelope error (REE) parameter is proposed to evaluate the accuracy of envelope recovery. The experiment shows a very accurate RF signal envelope recovery, and a good performance of PA behavioral modeling.