智能氧化锆测氧仪设计

针对工业氧化锆测氧过程中存在的锆头老化快、特性易漂移、校正困难等不利因素,提出一种新的测氧仪设计方法,采用无电位计设计、程序自动校正、锆头老化的软件补偿等措施,可以有效地克服以上缺点。     

智能化氧化锆测氧仪表的设计

针对工业测氧过程中长期存在的锆头老化、特性漂移等问题，提出用建模方法，提高测量精度。并设计了９６单片机智能化仪表，经过在线测量，效果十分显著，含氧量测量精度大大提高     

锆及锆合金阀门设计制造标准体系的研究

介绍了锆及锆合金阀门的选型及其应用领域。分析了阀门产品的设计制造、材料选用及设计计算等标准的规定。给出了锆及锆合金阀门的设计制造、焊接工艺及无损检测检验等标准的确定方法与使用准则。     

纳米精度在位测量系统测头误差校正方法

针对超精密机床两轴联动接触式在位测量过程中测头误差影响测量精度的问题,提出了一种测头半径误差及形状误差校正方法。进行了在位测量实验,比较分析了测头误差未校正、测头半径误差校正及测头形状误差校正三种情况的测量结果,并分别与Taylor Hobson PGI840离线测量结果进行对比,以验证测头形状误差校正方法的有效性。测头形状误差校正后,面形精度PV值由420nm变为370nm,与离线测量PV值380nm的差值为10nm。结果表明,该在位测量系统测头误差校正方法有效,能够提高在位测量精度。     

水浴加热王水提取ICP-MS法测量地质样品中微量银

水浴加热王水提取地质样品中的微量银，银被完全溶解，一些样品提取液中对银产生质谱干扰的锆元素溶解量很低，实现了目标元素与干扰元素的初步分离，使用 ICP-MS 采用¹⁰⁷Ag 同位素对银的含量可以直接进行测试。对于其他一些地质样品，提取液中锆含量较高，目标元素与干扰元素未分离，需要利用质谱校正方程 I_107Ag=I_{107Ag 表观}-K^*I_94Zr对银的测试结果进行校正。本实验建立的方法，检出限为 0. 0025μg/g，精密度为 1. 2%～3. 2%，准确度好，适合于分析测试大批量地质样品中的微量银。     

提高蜗杆磨床精度的途径

本文介绍了用传动链误差反馈校正和头架主轴偏心的综合补偿，以及用双零位初相获得高的螺旋线精度和分头精度，以及用展成法修整砂轮，从而达到理论齿形的方法，对设计和改装机床有一定的参考价值。     

ICP-MS同时测定地质样品中的锆和铪

研究了运用ICP-MS测定矿石样品中锆、铪含量的方法;采用过氧化钠熔融,用高纯水提取,过滤,用1＋1 HCl溶解沉淀;确定了仪器最佳工作条件,选择了合适的内标校正锆、铪。该方法测定锆、铪的检出限分别为0.03ng/g、0.003ng/g,精密度分别为2.88%、3.05%,回收率为96.1%-103%。使用该方法分析标准参考物质和实际样品,分析结果与认定值和其它分析方法测定值一致,此法方便,快捷,适用于大量地质样品中锆、铪的直接检测。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铝硅锆质耐火材料中主次成分

以无水四硼酸锂和碳酸锂作熔剂,采用玻璃熔片法制样,建立了测定铝硅锆质耐火材料中Al2O3,SiO2,Fe2O3,TiO2,CaO,MgO,ZrO2,HfO2等组分的X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）。根据铝硅锆质耐火材料中主次成分含量范围,采用标准样品配制出被测组分具有合适含量范围和浓度梯度的校准样品绘制校准曲线。并对熔剂选择、基体效应校正进行了探讨。将X射线荧光光谱法用于铝硅锆质试样的分析与化学分析结果进行比对,两者吻合。     

锆钢复合板封头的压制

锆钢复合板设备的制造有一定的难度，特别是其封头的成形加工。介绍了锆钢复合板质量控制、封头压制工艺、锆材表面防护、质量检验等几个关键工序要求，既保证了锆复层的耐腐蚀性又使封头具有一定的综合力学性能。     

锆基合金包壳管保护涂层的材料、制备及特性

锆合金包壳管上制备保护涂层的主要目的是提高锆合金包壳在正常和事故中运行的可靠性和安全性。简述了锆基合金在核设施中的使用情况及锆合金自身特性，介绍了制备锆合金包壳保护涂层所使用的硅基，铬、铝基等不同材料及PVD、冷喷涂等涂层制备方法，并结合一些常规的机械性能评价及腐蚀和高温蒸汽氧化试验，分析了通过不同材料及制备方法制作的涂层的特性。指出了金属和陶瓷材料涂层在应用中所面临的挑战。最后根据锆合金包壳涂层的应用场景，总结出涂层所需的几点特性。     

An investigation into the effect of strain ageing on mechanical properties of low-carbon steels after warm rolling

In this study, the effect of strain ageing on mechanical properties of warm-rolled steel is investigated. Warm-rolling experiments together with mechanical testing are employed to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the ageing kinetics during and after warm rolling of a low-carbon steel. To do so, the occurrence of dynamic strain ageing is first determined by means of a two-dimensional thermo-mechanical model and then the effect of this phenomenon on the subsequent static strain ageing after warm rolling is studied employing mechanical testing. The results show that the occurrence of dynamic strain ageing during warm rolling may effectively alter the progress of the subsequent static strain ageing as well as the final mechanical properties of the warm-rolled steel.     

Positive effect of natural pre-ageing on precipitation hardening in Al–0.44 at% Mg–0.38 at% Si alloy

Age hardening in a purely ternary Al-Mg0.4–Si0.4 (0.44 at% Mg, 0.38at%Si) alloy that is similar to AA6060 was investigated by hardness measurement, TEM and three-dimensional atom probe (3D-AP). In particular, the effect of natural pre-ageing before artificial ageing, which is known to have a positive effect in this alloy, was studied by comparing three different conditions: natural ageing only, artificial ageing for 1.5 h at 180 °C only and combined natural pre-ageing and subsequent artificial ageing for 1.5 h at 180 °C. Natural ageing influences the mechanical properties significantly. Naturally aged alloys exhibit a hardening response that is governed by the presence of small clusters. Subsequent artificial ageing of naturally aged specimens increases the value of peak hardness, which is attributed to the increase of the number density of needle-shaped precipitates as compared to the samples without natural ageing. It is assumed that besides these precipitates, the small Si clusters formed at room-temperature storage remain stable during artificial ageing.     

Influence of heat treatment parameters on the lubricated sliding wear behaviour of a zinc-based alloy

This investigation deals with the observations made pertaining to the influence of the duration of heat treatment (ageing) on the sliding wear response of a zinc-based alloy. The heat treatment comprised of solutionizing followed by artificial ageing for different durations. Partially lubricated sliding wear tests were carried out at a fixed applied pressure, speed and distance.The heat-treated samples attained less strength and hardness but more elongation over the as-cast one. The wear rate and frictional heating initially decreased with increasing ageing duration. This was followed by the attainment of the minimum and then a reversal in the trend at longer durations of ageing. The tensile strength and hardness decreased with increasing duration of ageing and became stable beyond certain ageing period while elongation followed a reverse trend. The response of the samples has been substantiated through the fractographic features and characteristics of wear surfaces, subsurface regions and debris.     

Effect of temperature on the ageing behaviour of unsaturated ester‐based lubricants

The ageing behaviour of trimethylolpropane trioleate was investigated at different temperatures in a modified rotary bomb test apparatus. Some physicochemical properties of ageing oil samples, such as acid value, kinematic viscosity, and iodine value, were measured. The oil samples were analysed using gas chromatography, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography to assess the influence of temperature on the ageing behaviour of ester‐based oils. The results revealed that an increase in temperature could greatly speed up the ageing reaction and increase the formation of decomposition products. However, the degree of oil ageing remained similar when the same quantity of oxygen was consumed.     

Atom probe analysis of early-stage strengthening behaviour in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

The strengthening of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during natural ageing and subsequent short artificial ageing was investigated using three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis and tensile testing. The contingency table and Markov chain analyses confirmed that non-random arrangements of atoms already exist after a natural ageing time of only 3.5 h. Extensive use of particle analysis tools in the IVAS and PoSAP software packages revealed that whilst the commonly used minimum aggregate size (N_min) of 10 is a reasonable choice, much more useful information about the system can be gained by additionally employing a wide range of larger and smaller N_min values. In particular, it was found that the density and volume fraction of solute aggregates increased with increasing natural ageing time in the T4 condition. After a 0.5 h artificial ageing treatment at 170 °C (designated as T6), the size, volume fraction and Mg/Si ratio of the aggregates were all found to decrease with increasing prior natural ageing time. These findings are used to discuss the detrimental effect of natural ageing, where the T6 strength has been observed to decrease rapidly with increasing prior natural ageing time before stabilising after several hours of natural ageing.     

热重-质谱法研究蓝色签字笔墨水的人为老化

采用热重-质谱联用（TDG-MS）技术研究纸张上蓝色签字笔墨水在人为老化过程中组分的变化情况。热重 质谱联用仪跟踪分析了签字笔墨水中易挥发物质离子流的成分以及它们随时间的变化。研究了纸张上多种常用蓝色签字笔的墨迹在程序升温加热条件下的人为老化,探讨总结了纸张载体上签字笔墨水在加热人为老化过程中的一些变化规律。该规律将为各种签字笔字迹相对书写时间检验鉴定方面的进一步研究提供科学依据。     

马氏体时效钢的刀-屑接触区变形试验研究

对不同热处理后06Ni6CrMoVTiT1马氏体时效钢进行了切削试验,并用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对所得切屑根部进行了观察分析。试验结果表明：在切削固溶态和时效态的马氏体时效钢时,均会出现积屑瘤（以下简称BUE）,其原因是多方面的,自回火和应变时效析出是产生BUE的主要因素,相应BUE裂纹尖端圆钝。     

老化处理对塑料光纤传感器光传输及灵敏度的影响

为了提高正规包层-纤芯类倏逝波塑料光纤传感器的灵敏度,本文对传感器敏感区在真空和水浴中进行了老化处理。老化处理时,先将光纤部分区域的保护层去除;然后将这种裸光纤作为传感器的敏感区,对其进行真空和蒸馏水老化处理。对比研究了传感器敏感区经真空和蒸馏水老化不同时间后的光传输特性及灵敏度,分析了老化处理对传感器光传输特性与灵敏度的影响机理。研究表明:老化处理后,塑料光纤纤芯折射率及材料成分发生了变化,由此改变了光纤内部光传输模式及光纤表面有效倏逝场透射深度与传播长度,从而降低了传感器的光传输性能。传感器对葡萄糖溶液的灵敏度随着老化时间的延长先增大后减少,在真空中105℃老化处理20min后的灵敏度达到最高-0.004 2/g·(100mL)-1,高于蒸馏水老化处理后的传感器灵敏度。研究结果对高灵敏度正规包层-纤芯类塑料光纤倏逝波传感器的研制提供了技术支撑。     

Studies on the ageing characteristics of automotive crankcase oils

The ageing characteristics of two competing lubricants, monograde and multigrade crankaase oils, have been studied. A combination of oil acidity, deposit formation and infra-red spectroscopy were used to follow the ageing of the lubricating oils. Both oils showed a similar pattern of ageing. However, the monograde oil, showed a higher tendency to form carbonyl compounds, but the multigrade oils formed more active carbonyl compounds, which polymerized rapidly to form deposits. Consequently, the multigrade oil aged faster than the monograde oil.