小儿厌食症治验举隅

小儿乃稚阴稚阳之体，胃腑娇嫩，脾气未实，寒热不自调，口喜不自禁，高梁厚味多而食之，粗茶淡饭偿而便止，日积月累，伤脾损胃，形成饥不欲食，食不知味之厌食症。笔者在农村基层医院治疗了不少此症患儿，运用中药，辨证施治，取效甚捷。现举几例如下：１四逆散案刘某，女，３岁，见食不食，脘腹胀痛，夜啼，大便不爽，舌淡苔稍厚白，脉沉有力，辨证：肝脾不和，治则：疏肝理脾方用：柴胡３ｇ，炒白芍６ｇ，积壳２ｇ，麦芽５ｇ，白叩２ｇ，炙甘草２ｇ，水煎，少量频服，每日１剂，３剂后，见食思食，原方又服３剂，诸症消失。按：小儿肝常有余，脾常不足，土虚木郁，病机在肝，病位在脾胃，方中柴胡疏肝，白芍柔肝，积壳理脾，甘草补脾，芍药甘草柔肝养阴健脾，缓急止痛，麦芽、白叩和胃健脾消食，上药合用，疏肝理脾，调和气机，药证合拍，病自去。２小柴胡汤案牛某某，女，４岁，患儿每因感冒后出现食纳不香，时有恶心，口苦，大便干结，舌淡苔薄白，脉弦有力，辨证：肝经郁热，脾胃不和，治则：清肝、理脾、和胃，方用：柴胡６ｇ，黄芩５ｇ，旱半夏６ｇ，沙参９ｇ，焦三仙各６ｇ，炙甘草３ｇ，水煎分３次服，每日１剂，先服３剂，食纳有增，大便如常，又服６剂，食纳正常，并予以玉屏风散调理善后。...     

高分子材料的摩擦学特性及其应用

大多数高分子材料，特别是聚四氟乙烯，尼龙，聚甲醛，超高分子量聚乙烯等工程塑料，具有优良的减摩，耐磨，自润滑性能，可以用作轴承，导轨，齿轮，磨耗板等。本文阐述了高分子材料的磨擦学特性，并列举了一些应用。     

液压故障智能诊断逻辑方法的研究

在智能诊断系统中，液压故障诊断的基本逻辑推理方法是化整为零，层层深入，聚零为整，综合评判，由此及彼，触类旁通，抓住关键，顺藤摸瓜等，分析与综合相结合，定性分析与定量分析相结合，机理分析与逻辑分析相结合，假设与验证相结合等是故障诊断的基本原则。     

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering推荐

<正>欢迎订阅、欢迎赐稿Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering(机械工程前沿)，SCI检索(ISSN 2095-0233,CN 11-5984/TH)邮发代号:80-975主编:尤政，郭东明执行主编:史铁林，顾佩华(加拿大)副主编:蒋庄德，谭建荣，陈义明学术顾问:李培根，柳百成，卢秉恒，闻邦椿，赵淳生编委:Marco Ceccarelli(意大利)，陈大融，陈学东，陈雪峰，褚福磊，戴建生(英国)，范大鹏，房丰洲(爱尔兰)，管在林，黄田，Mark J. Jackson(美国)，姜澜，李长河，李涤尘，李卫华(澳大利亚)，林建忠，     

几种新型实用的液压控制阀

随着液压技术的发展，近年国内的一些厂家，院所，相继开发研制出一些新型液压控制阀。诸如，区间可调试卸荷阀，内外控顺序阀，限速切断阀。正确，合理地选用这些阀，可简化系统，改善系统性能，提高其可靠性，节约能源。这里所说的新型液压控制阀，是指近年问世，现有教科书，书籍一时来不及写入，人们对其还很不熟悉的哪些淮压控制阀。     

二手设备

1 EBW-4GC齿轮电子束焊机，中科院电子所，1998年，未用。 2 YB6012B半自动花键铣，青海，1998年，未用。 3 X333HJ高速花键铣，江东，1995年，未用。 4 Y9420齿轮倒棱机，重庆，1998年，未用。 5 1300DLJ斜齿轮倒棱机，兵器部，1998年，未用。 6 Y3150E滚齿机，重庆，1988年，8成。     

倾心交流，让我们的工作日臻完善

读者：国营六一二厂（模具分厂）缪昆荣先生说：“我们厂主要是生产模具的，拥有的设备较多，主要是加工中心，雕刻机，车床，线切割，电火花，我觉得杂志是信息的平台，应该多介绍一些新产品，新技术，一些比较好的加工设备，测量设备和刀具等，这样会更吸引读者的目光，有利于我们挑选，采购设备。”     

浅议数控车刀的合理选用

数控车床一般采用机夹可转位刀具，所用的刀具，要求有可靠的断屑性能，足够的耐用度，刀片转位后要有精确的重复定位精度，刀片要有足够的夹紧可靠性，此外，由于数控车床功率比较大，刚性强，要求刀具寿命较长，质量相对稳定，因此，对刀片材料的要求高，以保证刀具寿命，一般情况下大多使用涂层刀片。     

欢迎订阅、欢迎赐稿 Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering(机械工程前沿),SCI检索

<正>(ISSN 2095-0233,CN 11-5984/TH)邮发代号:80-975主编:尤政，郭东明执行主编:史铁林，顾佩华(加拿大)副主编:蒋庄德，谭建荣，陈义明学术顾问:李培根，柳百成，卢秉恒，闻邦椿，赵淳生编委:Marco Ceccarelli(意大利)，陈大融，陈学东，陈雪峰，褚福磊，戴建生(英国)，范大鹏，房丰洲(爱尔兰)，管在林，黄田，Mark J. Jackson(美国)，姜澜，李长河，     

Java语文的特点

本文介绍Ｊａｖａ的特征，简单性，面向对象，分布式，编译与解释，稳定性，安全性，体系结构中性，可移植性，高能性，多线索和动态性。     

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???????????????????????С???????????С????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????к?????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????Al???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????塣?????????SIMS??Al???????????????????????????????????     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

XPN-FMS: A CAD tool for FMS modeling, analysis, animation, and simulation using Petri nets and X window

We propose a CAD tool, XPN-FMS, which is primarily based on a unique Petri net (PN) synthesis method, called the knitting technique, developed by the authors. Petri net theory has been applied to specification, validation, performance analysis, control code generation, and simulation for manufacturing systems. The analysis of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) based on PNs suffers from the complexity problem of reachability analysis (Peterson, 1981). CAD tools are urgently needed. There is no existing CAD tool for FMSs as comprehensive as XPN-FMS, in the sense that the latter integrates the functions of drawing, analysis, reduction (Chao and Wang, 1992; Murata and Koh, 1980), synthesis, property queries, and animation of FMS operations in one software package. Using the X window graphical interface and animation, XPN-FMS makes the modeling and analysis of an FMS visualizable and easy to understand and manipulate. It lets a user draw the factory layout of an FMS on the screen of a monitor using the supplied tools. A corresponding PN model can also be drawn on the monitor screen. XPN-FMS can animate and simulate the overall operating process of the FMS. It is useful for FMS specification, validation, and exploration of different design alternatives, status monitoring, and control. Using XPN-FMS with various inputs and comparing the resulting outputs, the user can determine how to improve efficiency, reduce cost, and pinpoint bottlenecks. For the PN models of FMSs that are decision free, we extend the theory and algorithm of a unique matrix-based method (Chao and Wang, 1993b) to search for subcritical loops (including types A and B) and to support scheduling and dealing with transition periods. XPN-FMS implements this extended method to find the minimum cycle time, critical loop, subcritical loops, next critical loop, and scheduling ranges to avoid the transient period for static scheduling. This is implemented in XPN-FMS for the input sequence control.This project is partially funded by NJIT's Separately Budgeted Research Program. Portions of this article were presented in Chao, Chen, Wang, and Zhou (1992),Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Chicago, Illinois, October 1992. The former name of the first author, which has appeared in some of his earlier publications, was Yuh Yaw.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定鱼肉中十三种磺胺类药物残留

建立高效液相色谱法测定鱼肉中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺噻唑、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲异恶唑、磺胺喹恶啉、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪等13种磺胺类药物残留量的方法。用C_(18)柱,紫外检测器,流动相为甲醇-1%乙酸溶液,流速1.0mL/min,柱温40℃,于270nm波长处检测。     

摩擦学的进展和未来

在过去的20年内,随着纳米技术的飞速发展和人们社会需求的日益增加,摩擦学迅速发展,并随之产生了几个新的领域,比如纳米摩擦、生物摩擦、超滑、表面织构摩擦学、极端工况摩擦学、微动摩擦学等等。在未来的10年,这些领域和其他新出现的概念,比如:绿色摩擦、纳米制造摩擦学、新型超滑材料和新能源领域摩擦学等等,将在摩擦学研究工作中发挥重要的作用。纳米摩擦学包括纳米尺度下的薄膜润滑、纳米摩擦、纳米磨损、表面黏附等等。绿色摩擦学包括环境友好润滑剂、摩擦噪声的减小、没有环境污染的磨损。生物摩擦学包括人类器官中的摩擦学和仿生摩擦学。超滑包含不同类型的润滑剂,比如类金刚石膜、水基润滑剂、一些生物润滑剂,其具有极低的摩擦因数(0.001量级)。纳米制造摩擦学包括纳米结构制造中的摩擦学、纳米精度制造中的摩擦学和跨尺度(微观、中观和宏观)制造中的摩擦学。这些领域需要不同的理论和技术,以适应不同的制造对象和尺度。极端工况摩擦学包括在重载下、在高/低温度下、在高/低速度下和强腐蚀或氧化环境条件下的摩擦学问题。与表面织构相关的摩擦学理论和技术也是当今发展较快的领域。这些领域的新进展和未来10年的新需求将在下文中具体介绍。     

Differential metabolome landscape of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> fruit tissues and potential valorization of the peel and seed tissues

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) is a woody wine plant with a peculiar fruit enriched in important health-promoting compounds. The non-editable part of the fruit, i.e., the seed and peel, represents more than 60% of the fruit and is considered a biowaste. This significantly restricts the development of the K. coccinea fruit industry. Clarifying the metabolic components of the different fruit parts can help to improve the utilization rate and valorization of K. coccinea. Herein, we evaluated K. coccinea fruit peel, pulp, and seed using widely-targeted metabolomics and quantified a set of 736 bioactive compounds from 11 major metabolite classes. The most prominent metabolite classes included lipids, amino acids, flavonoids, and lignans. Furthermore, our results emphasized a significant accumulation of flavonoids in pulp tissues, while alkaloids and lignans were abundant in peel and seed tissues, respectively. A total of 183 metabolites were differentially accumulated among the three tissues. Procyanidin C2, rutinoside, 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, nootkatol, isoquercitrin, isohyperoside, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, hyperin, and rutin showed elevated accumulation in the peel. In the seed, kadsuralignan G, kadcoccilactone A, kadsuralignan H, lysoPE 20:5, iso-schisandrin ethyl alcohol, and kadangustin were significantly enriched. Our results highlight the diverse metabolome composition of K. coccinea fruit parts, which can be further exploited for its valorization in various industries.     

[学科发展]润滑研究进展

过去20余年，薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、生物润滑、绿色润滑、微量润滑等取得了重要进展。最近10余年，超滑、仿生润滑、智能润滑与监测，以及摩擦学测试技术和模拟仿真技术等研究飞速发展。微观研究已经成为润滑研究的主要手段，面向风力发电机、高铁、深空探测、深海探测、大飞机、超高速飞行器、新能源汽车等领域的润滑与密封和绿色近零排放润滑研究已经成为工业界关注的焦点。超滑作为润滑领域的新型颠覆性技术，逐步显示出其在工业生产和人类日常生活中的应用优势与勃勃发展生机。生物润滑包括人类器官中的摩擦与润滑和仿生学研究，在人类健康生活方面展示出重要作用。极端环境（高温、超低温、真空、高压等）摩擦与润滑，在卫星、火箭、舰艇、核电站及其他国防设施上用途广泛。而智能润滑等新兴领域发展，也将智能化应用到润滑领域，为设备的智能运行和制造提供了新的思路。在此，对润滑领域几个重要发展方向，如超滑、薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、智能润滑、生物仿生学、绿色摩擦与润滑，以及摩擦学测试方法等方面进行回顾，介绍了国内外同行最新研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。     

DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM,CHROMIUM, COPPER,IRON, LEAD,AND ZINC IN OYSTERS FROM SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

This article presents a follow-up, a more comprehensive and extensive study to a previous, but limited study on three metals in oysters from the West Cove area of Lake Calcasieu in Southwest Louisiana. Results from a two-sampling period in mid-October and mid-December 2009 showed concentrations levels in μg/g (mean of 15 oysters, ± standard deviation, and range) as determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) of cadmium, 5.0, ±0.5, 4.0–6.3, and 3.0, ±0.5, 1.8–5.3; chromium, 3.1, ±0.6, 2.0–3.6, and 1.7, ±0.6, 0.7–3.0; copper, 125.0, ±115, 58–245, and 115, ±45, 76–228; iron, 224, ±66, 142–403, and 311, ±111, 160–559; lead, 3.4, ±0.7, 1.6–5.8, and 4.7, ±2.3, 0.7–13; and zinc, 1859, ±774, 740–3471, and 1578, ±783, 692–3056. These concentrations were lower by at least a factor of 10 from the previous study on cadmium and lead but similar to store-bought oysters. The two sampling period concentrations were not statistically different for the two sampling month periods. The lowering of the concentration was attributed to a cleaner (from metals) oyster beds. Results of the six metals from soils in six different sites in the oyster beds showed comparable or slightly higher concentrations than the oysters. Water samples from the six sites were low, or below the detection limit of the ICP-OES instrument.     

Stem cells in the development and differentiation of the human adrenal glands

There are no studies on stem cells (SCs) and development and differentiation (DD) of the human adrenal glands. The SCs in DD of the adrenal glands were herein investigated histochemically and immunohistochemically in 18 human embryonic adrenal glands at gestational week (GW) 7–40. At 7 GW, the adrenal glands were present, and at 7 GW, numerous embryonic SCs (ESCs) are seen to create the adrenal cortex. The ESCs were composed exclusively of small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli. The ESCs were positive for neural cell adhesion molecule, KIT, neuron‐specific enolase, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α, synaptophysin, and MET. They were negative for other SC antigens, including chromogranin, ErbB2, and bcl‐2. They were also negative for lineage antigens, including cytokeratin (CK)7, CK8, CK18, and CK19, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, epithelial membrane antigen, HepPar1, mucin core apoprotein (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6, and cluster differentiation (CD)3, CD45, CD20, CD34, and CD31. The Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was high (Ki‐67 LI = around 20%). α‐Fetoprotein was positive in the ESCs and adrenal cells. The ESC was first seen in the periphery of the adrenal cortex at 7–10 GW. The ESC migrates into the inner part of the adrenal cortex. Huge islands of ESC were present near the adrenal, and they appeared to provide the ESC of the adrenal. At 16 GW, adrenal medulla appeared, and the adrenal ESCs were present in the periphery or the cortex, in the cortical parenchyma, corticomedullary junctions, and in the medulla. The adrenal essential architecture was established around 20 GW; however, there were still ESCs. At term, there are a few ESCs. These data suggest that the adrenal glands were created by ESCs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:59–64, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Research on the calibration method of precipitation micro- physical characteristics sensor

In order to diminish the effect of the ambient light and CCD pixel non-uniformity to the Precipitation Micro-physical Characteristics Sensor,a modified calibration scheme was designed and calibration experiments in sunny,cloudy,night,different location of sample space were carried out. Firstly,the characteristics of particle images which affected by ambient light and different location of sample space were analyzed. Secondly,the relevance betw een particle image features and parameters of image processing were discussed. Finally,the parameter setting scheme were determined,the radium of median filtering algorithm is 3 pixels,the defocusing radius of point spread function( PSF) is 7 pixels,the radium of erosion is 3 pixels,and the binary threshold is obtained from the Area-thresh relationship. The results show that the new scheme could deal with the image calibration well,the average errors of equivolumetric diameter was 0. 041 mm with standard deviation of 0. 115 mm,and the average errors of the axis ratio was 0. 011 with standard deviation of 0. 085. The new scheme works well in the field observation too,the observed axis ratio is consistent with the empirical relationship that proposed by Beard. The relative error of accumulation precipitation is-3. 06% after calibration,w hich is improved 1. 94% low er than the initial one without calibration.