V型肋高对涡轮叶片半劈缝冷却换热特性影响

为了明确V型肋高对涡轮叶片半劈缝冷却换热特性的影响,寻求较优的V型肋高度,调节肋高度值使其在d/H=1/6~1/2范围内变化,通过数值计算分析了带肋壁面冷却效率、努塞尔数等参数随肋高的变化规律。研究发现:随肋高增加,冷却效率呈下降趋势;换热增强因子及强化换热综合指标均随肋高的增大而增大,肋高d/H=1/3的半劈缝通道表现出了较为稳定且良好的强化换热综合性能。     

螺旋曲面三维肋强化传热的数值模拟研究

利用计算流体力学软件Fluent6.3研究普通直型三维肋和螺旋曲面三维肋分别用于矩形流体通道的流动换热特性,分析两者在雷诺数Re为2000～10000、迎流攻角β均为45°时的传热与阻力特性。研究结果表明:矩形流体通道内加螺旋曲面三维肋时平均努赛尔数Nu和平均阻力系数f皆大于普通直型三维肋,并随着Re的增大而增大。同时,利用综合评价准则数G对其传热进行综合判定,G值大于1。螺旋曲面三维肋的综合性能优于普通直型三维肋。     

离散叉排肋化内冷通道流动与传热的数值模拟

运用数值模拟方法,计算肋片导流角θ为15°～45°的离散叉排肋化冷却通道在雷诺数介于1×104～20×104之间时的换热和流阻特性。研究结果表明,(1)各算例的强化换热能力随雷诺数的增大而减小,流动阻力随雷诺数的增大而增大,综合换热效率随雷诺数的增大而减小。(2)肋片导流角的改变可以显著改变通道的换热和流阻特性。相同雷诺数下,θ=45°的强化换热比和通道阻力增大比最高,θ=15°的强化换热比和通道阻力增大比最低。在研究范围内θ=15°的综合换热效率最好。     

燃机透平叶片带肋直通道结构优化策略

在不降低换热能力的基础上,提出了新的带肋通道优化策略,以降低流动阻力,改善壁面温度的不均匀性。采用Kriging代理模型和遗传算法对宽高比为1、带有45°肋片直通道进行了优化计算,获得了良好的优化效果。得到以下结论:在带肋直通道切除部分肋片效率为负的肋片,可以降低通道的流动阻力且提升换热强度,优化后的通道换热性能因子可提高2.8%;通过寻优计算,获得了宽高比为1肋片倾斜角度45°直通道最优参量范围。     

微通道内流体流动及换热特性的数值分析

采用Navier—Stokes方程与滑移边界条件联立的理论分析模型，对等壁温、等热流及无温度梯度工况下，气体在微通道中的流速分布、阻力系数变化趋势（Cf·Re）和传热特性（努塞尔数）进行了数值研究。结果表明：气体稀薄效应可显著减小管内的摩擦阻力和努塞尔数，增大气体流速；壁面的速度滑移和温度跳跃对微圆管内换热特性的影响相反，温度跳跃的影响更大；等热流加热与等壁温加热两种情况下，努塞尔数随克努森数的变化趋势明显不同。     

矩形带肋通道中蒸汽与空气换热特性比较试验研究

模拟实际燃气轮机叶片内冷通道几何及传热结构,研究了蒸汽和空气在两面带有肋片的矩形通道中当雷诺数为10000⁸0000时的换热和摩擦特性。试验通道宽高比(肋片在宽面上)为0.5,肋间距p/e为10,通道阻塞比为0.047,试验通道长度L为1000mm。试验结果显示,蒸汽和空气在带肋通道中的平均换热系数,平均摩擦系数和换热性能随雷诺数的变化趋势几乎相同;在相同试验条件下,蒸汽在带肋通道中的平均换热系数比空气高30.2%,平均摩擦系数比空气高18.4%;蒸汽在带肋通道带肋面和光滑面上的换热性能比空气分别高8.4%和7.3%。     

横流通道中肋角度对外表面气膜冷却影响研究

采用非结构化网格和Realizablek-ε紊流模型,求解三维N-S方程,对带肋横流通道中肋的角度不同情况下,外表面气膜冷却换热特性进行了数值模拟。具体分析了肋与横流流动方向成60°、90°、120°时对气膜冷却外表面换热系数的影响。结果表明:横流及肋的存在使通道流场变得非常复杂,肋角度的变化对气膜孔内及出口气体流动有较大影响;肋角度的变化还改变了外表面换热系数的分布,肋角度为120°时外表面换热系数最大,60°次之,90°最小。     

肋片焊接方式对其传热的影响

通过改变肋片的焊接尺寸以及焊接形状建立肋片传热模型,采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic)模拟的方法,将模拟结果与传统铸造肋片的传热情况进行对比,研究不同焊接方式以及焊接尺寸对整个肋片的换热量以及换热系数的影响.结果显示,肋片焊接后,对整个肋片的换热量和换热系数有一定的影响,但影响较小.其中换热量根据焊接尺寸的增加先减小后增大;而换热系数呈波浪形变化,但有减小的趋势.     

涡轮叶片表面流动及换热特性实验研究

为深入了解叶片表面的流动和换热特性,在叶片表面布置静压测孔获得叶片中截面压力系数和速比系数分布规律,同时采用瞬态液晶技术获得叶片表面高分辨率的努塞尔数分布云图。结果表明,叶片前缘受来流直接冲击,努塞尔数中间高两侧低;在吸力面上努塞尔数在分离区域降低,在再附着区域升高;在压力面上努塞尔数先降低再逐渐升高。     

压缩机中冷器针肋管的传热及流动阻力的试验研究

肋片是一种强化换热的有效手段 ,在紧凑式换热器中肋片管已经得到了广泛地应用。本文对三种新型针肋管试件进行了传热和阻力特性的试验研究 ,给出了 Rem为 4.5× 1 0 3～ 7.0× 1 0 4范围内的换热与流动的曲线。     

车用小通道平行流换热器传热流动试验与分析

小通道平行流换热器是燃料电池汽车的主要散热部件。吸收了电堆废热的冷却液(50%乙二醇溶液),流过小通道换热管,由换热器外侧空气冷却。在进液温度、进风温度、冷却液流量以及风速变化的试验工况下,测试了换热器的传热流动性能。引入量纲一参数k,评估了各工况参数对换热量、阻力影响的强弱。接着,分析液侧努谢尔数Nu和摩阻系数f随雷诺数Re的变化趋势,结果显示:在小通道内(当量直径D=2.685 mm),冷却液从层流到湍流的转浪点Re_c=1 750,介于微尺度与常规尺度的临界值之间。在此基础上,通过多元回归法,拟合得到层流和湍流的液侧换热系数,摩阻系数的关联式,以及空气侧阻力f_a公式。Nu和f的计算值与试验值误差分别在[-7.06%,5.93%]和[-3.95%,4.11%]内,f_a的误差在[-2.22%,3.62%]内。基于这些关联式,建立数学模型,可在广泛多变的运行条件下,对换热器的运行性能进行理论预测和评估。     

Heat transfer and friction characteristics in steam cooled rectangular channels with rib turbulators

We studied the heat transfer and friction characteristics in steam-cooled rectangular channels with rib turbulators on W side or H side walls in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 10000-80000. Each of the test channels was welded by four stainless steel plates to simulate the actual geometry and heat transfer structure of blade/vane internal cooling passage. The length of the channel L was 1000 mm, the cross section of the channel was 40 mm × 80 mm, and the pitch-to-rib height ratio p/e was kept at 10. The channel blockage ratio (W/H) was 0.047. Results showed that the Nusselt number (Nu) distributions displayed different trends at the entrance region with the increase of Re for the rib turbulators on the W side walls. The heat transfer performance of the rib turbulators on the H side walls was about 24-27% higher than that on the W side walls at the same pumping power. In addition, semi-empirical correlations for the two cases, rib turbulators on W side walls and rib turbulators on H side walls, were developed based on the heat transfer results, which could be used in the design of the internal cooling passage of new generation steam-cooled gas turbine blade/vane.     

Entropy analysis for nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation/absorption and partial slip

The boundary layer heat transfer and entropy generation of a nanofluid over an isothermal linear stretching sheet with heat generation/ absorption have been analyzed. In the nanofluid model, the development of nanoparticles concentration gradient due to slip mechanisms, the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis, is taken into account. The dependency of the local Nusselt number and entropy generation number on the non-dimensional parameters is numerically investigated. The results show that the increase of heat generation parameter, Brownian motion parameter, or thermophoresis parameter decreases the entropy generation number in the vicinity of the sheet.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics in a square channel with various truncated ribs

Oblique ribs are widely applied to the internal cooling of turbine blades to promote the heat transfer between blade wall and coolant. In this study, the effect of several new types of truncated ribs on the heat transfer characteristics in 45° oblique rib channels is investigated experimentally and numerically. The numerical results obtained by the SST k-ω turbulence model agree well with the experimental data for the Reynolds number ranging from 10000 to 60000. The results indicate a significant entrance effect on the heat transfer in truncated rib channels. The numerical results show that ribs continuously truncated at 3.8 mm gives the best heat transfer performance among the newly truncated ribs. Compared with the original structure, the Nusselt number and heat transfer enhancement factor of newly truncated ribs increased by 24.6 % and 17.8 %, respectively. Concurrently, the friction factor is reduced by 5.1 %.

     

A parametric study of the 2D model of solar air heater with elliptical rib roughness using CFD

The heat transfer can be improved by providing artificial roughness on absorber plate of the solar air heat. Many studies are available on circular, semi-circular, triangular and rectangular rib roughened solar air heater. But in present study heat transfer enhancement by providing elliptical ribs on absorber plate was analyzed by developing CFD code on non-commercial ANSYS (Fluent) 12.1 software. The simulations were performed on 2-D CFD model and analysis was carried out to study the effect of relative roughness width, relative roughness height and relative roughness pitch on heat transfer and friction factor. The Reynolds number range from 4000 to 15000 and turbulence phenomena is modeled by using Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). The mathematical modeling is validated and compared with available results. The strong vortex formation takes place in the main stream flow because of elliptical roughness, which improved heat transfer augmentation in the solar air heater. The local turbulence kinetic energy strongly influenced by orientation of the elliptical ribs. The value of average Nusselt number increases by increasing relative roughness height but it decreases with the increase of relative roughness width and relative roughness pitch. The rib width has significant effects on heat transfer enhancement and maximum Nusselt number is observed for relatively small roughness width (i.e., 0.5) among the considered range of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. The maximum value of Nusselt number and friction factor is observed for relative roughness width of 0.5, relative roughness height of 0.045, and relative roughness pitch of 6.

     

Forced convection heat transfer of steam in a square ribbed channel

An experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of steam in a square channel (simulating a gas turbine blade cooling passage) with two opposite surfaces roughened by 60 deg parallel ribs was performed. The ranges of key governing parameters were: Reynolds numbers (Re) based on the channel hydraulic diameter (30000–140000), entry gauge pressure (0.2Mpa–0.5Mpa), heat flux of heat transfer surface area (5kWm⁻²–20kWm⁻²), and steam superheat (13°C–51°C). The test channel length was 1000mm, while the rib spacing (p/e) was 10, and the ratio of rib height (e) to hydraulic diameter (D) was 0.048. The test channel was heated by passing current through stainless steel walls instrumented with thermocouples. The local heat transfer coefficients on the ribbed wall from the channel entrance to the fully developed regions were measured. The semi-empirical correlation was fitted out by using the average Nusselt numbers in the fully developed region to cover the range of Reynolds number. The correlation can be used in the design of new generation of gas turbine blade cooled by steam.     

压缩机中冷器椭圆肋管与圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能比较试验研究

对椭圆肋管和圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能进行了对比试验，给出了相应的传热系数曲线和流动阻力系数曲线并指出椭圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能优于圆肋管。     

风扇结构和肋高对芯片散热器散热性能的影响

采用热阻分析法和CFD软件Fluent数值模拟相结合,研究风扇结构即风扇通风直径或外壳厚度以及肋片高度对芯片散热器散热能力的影响。结果表明,较小的通风直径导致肋片散热能力下降的根本原因为回流区面积的增加和空气流量的减小。此外,肋高的改变直接导致了流道几何参数的改变,进而对表面对流传热系数产生了重大的影响。     

An analytical investigation into the Nusselt number and entropy generation rate of film condensation on a horizontal plate

This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation rate of a condensate film formed on a horizontal plate with suction at the wall. Applying the minimum mechanical energy principle, the dimensionless liquid film thickness along the plate is found to vary as a function of the Rayleigh number, the Jakob number, the Prandtl number and the suction parameter. The governing differential equation of the condensate thickness is solved numerically by using a finite-difference shooting method. Closed-form analytical expressions are derived for the Nusselt number and the dimensionless overall entropy generation number. When there is no suction at the wall, the results obtained from the analytical expression for the Nusselt number are found to be in good agreement with those presented in the literature. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae Hee Lee Tong-Bou Chang received the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical En-gineering from National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, in 1997. From 1997 to 2001, he was a researcher at Yuloon-Motor Group (Taiwan), whose job function includes design and characterization of the thermal and fluid flow systems for vehicle. Since 2002, he has been as a Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University. His current research interests include heat transfer with phase change, energy-system optimization, heat and mass transfer in porous medium, enhancement heat transfer and high performance heat exchangers.