三轴转台初始位姿对准误差的测试方法

雷达仿真实验用卧式三轴飞行仿真转台的三轴交汇中心与射频阵列仿真系统球面的球心同心,转台的初始姿态满足一定要求,以减小雷达仿真时的误差。为了三轴转台位姿的精确对准,提出了一种能补偿经纬仪竖直轴线铅垂度误差和俯仰轴零位误差的对准方案,首先根据精确的已知基点的坐标,通过经纬仪对各基点的观测结果采用最小二乘迭代处理方法,确定了经纬仪的三轴交汇中心的位置,再通过经纬仪对转台的内、中环轴轴端安装的靶标进行观测,确定了三轴转台的位置与初始姿态。通过实际测试与调整,解算出了三轴转台的三轴交汇中的坐标为-0.485,0.203和-0.475mm,外环轴指向误差为-59″。该测试结果在位置误差1mm,姿态误差2′的要求范围之内,实现了三轴转台的位姿对准任务。     

细丝法测量三轴转台的轴线相交度

将一细丝固定于三轴转台的内环轴线上，使外环轴，中环内环轴处于不同的角位置，用经纬仪测量细丝上某点的水平角的变化，从而测试了三轴的相交度，通过建立坐标系，并用齐次变换法推导了坐标系之间的位姿关系，从而得出了三轴相交度的算法。     

用两根细丝测量双轴台的轴线相交度

在一双轴台的内环轴框架的对径上安装两根细丝 ,用经纬仪测量两细丝在外环轴和内环轴分别处于 0°和 180°位置时两细丝的水平角的变化量。根据经纬仪和两细丝的安装位置和水平角的变化量 ,推导了轴线相交度的计算公式 ,并对双轴台的轴线相交度进行了实测。     

静电陀螺仪对准误差产生的系统伺服随动误差分析

介绍了采用平行光管式光电位置探测器(PSD)测角的静电陀螺仪在伺服测试转台上测试时,陀螺坐标系与平台台体坐标系之间的两种对准误差,然后推导出由该对准误差引起的反射光斑中心点在PSD平面坐标系上的坐标变化公式,给出了当陀螺坐标系与台体坐标系之间存在对准误差时,计算伺服随动误差的步骤,并根据静电陀螺仪的结构及工作情况,选取一组数据进行了计算。结果表明:第一种对准误差比第二种对准误差约大两个数量级;为减小系统伺服随动误差,第一种对准误差应不大于4'。其结论对静电陀螺仪的设计与测试具有理论指导意义。     

水平式经纬仪指向误差的统一补偿技术

为修正水平式经纬仪的指向误差,提出了一种针对视轴指向的统一补偿模型.根据水平式经纬仪的光机结构,建立了照准坐标系和地平坐标系;通过两坐标系的几何关系得到目标在地平坐标系下的坐标方程,并对该方程进行全微分,得到地平坐标误差与指向误差的关系式.针对设备主要误差源之一(3轴误差)进行5次线性变换,推导出目标在地平坐标系中关于...     

打表法测量卧式三轴转台相交度的方法

在大型卧式三轴转台的底座上安装基准圆柱,采用打表法测量三轴相交度误差。将中环轴处于0°和180°水平状态,通过标准圆柱和千分表测量了内中相交度。通过外环轴处于0°、180°时,测量了内外相交度。外环轴处于90°、270°时,测量了中外相交度误差。最终实现了三轴相交度的测量,并对测试的不确定度进行了分析。     

用打表法测量三轴转台的轴线相交度

用千分表测出三轴转台的竖直轴分别位于 0°和 180°时两水平轴的轴线位移 ,可计算出水平轴与竖直轴的轴线相交度。通过调整水平轴位置 ,使滚动轴与竖直轴的轴线平行 ,分别旋转滚动轴和竖直轴 ,用千分表测量滚动轴线位移量 ,对得到的两组数据进行谐波分析 ,可计算出三轴转台的三轴相交度     

用经纬仪测量大尺寸三维导轨垂直度的方法

基于经纬仪将运动直线引出来的原理,提出了一种测量大尺寸三维导轨垂直度的新方法。首先在水平直线移动的Y导轨的动基座上安装经纬仪并观察静止靶标水平角的微小变化,采用最小二乘法拟合出了经纬仪视准轴分别与运动X导轨和Y导轨平行时的水平角,继而测量了X-Y导轨间的垂直度误差。然后将经纬仪固定在地基上,通过观测水平移动导轨上靶标的竖直角的微小变化,采用最小二乘法拟合了X、Y导轨的水平度误差;通过观测与Z导轨固定的靶标水平角的微小变化,采用最小二乘法拟合了Z导轨的二维铅垂度误差,利用X,Y导轨的水平度和Z导轨的铅垂度换算出了Z-X间,Z-Y间导轨的垂直度误差。最终实现了三维导轨X-Y之间、Y-Z之间、X-Z之间的垂直度的检测,并对测量的垂直度误差进行了精度分析。在研制的月球软着陆系统垂直度的调试中进行了应用,证明了该方法能够满足测量的精度要求。     

星上敏感器空间矢量自准直测量方法及标定试验

针对星上敏感器测量坐标系高精度标定的需求,提出一种空间矢量自准直测量方法,采用光电自准直经纬仪、卫星转台、基准镜阵列和坐标平移系统等,实现立方镜镜面法向矢量之间夹角的高精度自动化测量。给出空间角测量模型,基于误差传播原理推导出误差模型,并证明不确定度上限;仿真分析传感器精度对空间角测量误差的灵敏度,并在此基础上进行误差分配;设计并研制星上敏感器空间矢量自准直测量系统,对光电自准直经纬仪的转角精度、两轴垂直度和整个系统的空间角测量精度等进行试验标定;结果表明,光电自准直经纬仪转角精度优于0.6″、两轴垂直度优于0.2″,空间角测量精度优于3″,验证所提出方法的有效性、误差分配的合理性和设计方案的可行性,可为高精度星上敏感器的自动化测量标定系统的开发和应用提供参考。     

基于多体系统理论的五轴转台误差建模与分析

五轴转台误差对半实物仿真精度具有直接影响。分析五轴转台误差及对半实物仿真的影响机理,提出五轴转台误差的评价参数。基于五轴转台的拓扑结构,采用特征矩阵描述转台误差传递,建立了五轴转台误差模型。基于所建立的模型分析了误差对评价参数的影响,结果表明指向误差主要受垂直度、倾角回转误差及转角的影响;位置误差受各误差的综合影响,其中相交度和位移回转误差影响最大;目标误差受相交度和同轴度影响较显著。误差模型和分析结果可用于转台设计误差分配和半实物仿真系统误差分析。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.