基于光纤传感技术的钢筋混凝土贮煤筒仓应力监测装置

从理论和实验两个方面对使用光纤制成应变传感器监测贮煤筒仓结构应变的方法进行了研究。采用背向散射法对光纤中的背向瑞利散射进行测量，采用缠绕式光纤传感器模式，并在光纤上不同位置进行缠绕，可形成准分布传感器阵列。利用此种方法对采用传统监测方法难以实现的筒仓内部结构应变监测，具有结构简单、成本低廉、与结构兼容性好及可实现准分布测量的优点。     

风机振动信号的真有效值测量方法

风机的振动量测量是风机故障诊断的一个重要参量。对风机的振动量监测可以采用振动信号波形的实时监测，也可采用对峰值或有效值的实时监测。本文讨论了一种振动信号有效值的测量方法，些种方法易于实现，测量精度高。     

基于形态学小波包降噪的管母挠度监测方法

为了实现对管型母线挠度进行监测，确保其能够正常连接，提出了一种非接触式的管母挠度实时监测方法。首先,通过建立计算机双目视觉测量体系，拍摄靶标确定摄像机的内、外参数；然后，基于形态学小波包变换对拍摄的管型母线原始图像进行降噪，并进行二值化处理;最后,对二值化后的图像进行测量点提取，恢复其三维坐标，通过最小二乘法模拟管型母线的挠度曲线，完成对管型母线挠度的实时监测。将该方法应用于某一500 kV变电站简支架支撑的管形母线挠度测量，得出了该管母的最大挠度和挠度曲线。实践结果表明，该方法能够有效对管型母线挠度进行测量，并进行实时监测     

钢绳芯胶带张力超限在线监测方法研究

提出一种用于钢绳芯胶带张力在线监测的新方法，介绍其基于挠性变形和受力分析的测量原理及1套实用装置。模拟试验和工业性试验结果表明：这种监测方法原理正确，具有较高的测量精度和可靠性，是一种可行的胶带张力监测方法。     

转轴扭振盲测点测量模型的研究

为解决复杂传动结构转轴实际测试中盲测点处物理振动参量获取的难题，运用动力学理论结合测量理论构建了一类连续轴段质量扭振测量分析模型，推导出求解盲测点处的扭振参数测量计算公式，建立了可测点和盲测点之间的振动传递特性，并通过生产现场采集扭矩测试数据，对比盲测点处的扭矩测量值和理论值，验证了方法的正确性、可行性和有效性。为复杂旋转机械现场监测不易布置传感器关键点的参数测量提供了理论依据和工程实现途径。运用该方法，通过编制程序可实现复杂旋转机械系统的在线监测和故障预测，确保机组正常平稳地运行。     

基于振动的蜗杆蜗轮减速器状态监测方法研究

蜗杆蜗轮减速器由于减速比大、传动平稳，在工业上得到了广泛的应用。当出现故障时，蜗杆蜗轮减速器磨损状态的监测往往要停机检查，检修周期长。本文基于蜗杆蜗轮减速器工作中振动信号的测量和分析，提出了一种蜗杆蜗轮减速器磨损状态的振动监测方法。该方法可在线测量蜗杆蜗轮振动信号以及分析蜗杆蜗轮减速器的磨损状态。通过工厂实际测试和分析，证实了该方法的有效性。     

压铸单元能效在线监测方法及监测系统

针对压铸单元能效复杂多变、难以实时有效监测的难题，通过对压铸单元能耗的构成进行分析建立了在线监测指标体系，提出了基于功率信息进行数据分析的在线监测方法。该方法通过小波变换对实时测量的压铸单元功率信息进行分析，利用极值查找法在线识别了设备的运行状态和加工件数，从而获得压铸单元的能效信息。基于C#语言开发了压铸单元能效在线监测系统。通过实验验证了所提方法和监测系统的有效性和实用性。     

数字化测绘技术在建筑工程测量中的应用探讨

本文针对数字化测绘技术的应用优势展开分析，讨论了数字化测绘技术在建筑工程测量中的应用要点，内容包括做好基础准备工作、构筑物基础测量、布设测量控制网、构筑物沉降监测、构筑物轴线监测、原图数字化处理等，通过研究拟定可靠测绘方案、改善网络应用环境、组建高水平监测队伍、加强测量误差控制等措施，其目的在于提高建筑工程测量数据的精准度，为后续工作的推进奠定良好基础。     

基于多源参量感知的航空工装定位器在线监测方法与系统研究

航空工装定位器作为飞机部件装配的定位基准，其全局力位状态直接影响装配精度。因此，赋予工装力位状态自检能力对保障装配精度与效率具有重要意义。提出一种基于多源参量感知的航空工装定位器在线监测方法，可实现严重遮挡、受限测量空间下工装定位器全局位移与应变状态的在线监测。提出可见区域视觉测量-近封闭空间涡流传感的局部位移在线采集方法，拓展工装复杂结构的位移在线监测能力；研究定位器受载状态下应变敏感区域，综合系统敏感性与测量空间可达性，建立光纤内嵌传感的工装应变高性能监测方法；同时，构建定位器在不同工况下力位数据集，并以此数据为基础，提出工装定位器“离散在线监测-全局实时感知”的力位信息全局预测方法，最终形成了基于多源参量感知的航空工装定位器在线监测系统。仿真试验及现场应用验证结果表明，所提方法与系统可赋予航空工装多源状态在线监测能力，实现工装在线自检，推进智能工装的发展。     

微波测速、测距系统的设计

车速、车距测量是汽车避撞系统中的关键技术，分析了车速、车距测量方案，并详细讨论了调频连续波(FMCW)测量系统的工作原理，给出了主要电路的设计方法。此系统可以在雾天或夜间准确监测前方车辆，并在车速、车距达到安全边界时给出警示信号，避免碰撞事故的发生。     

Measurement of steam flow rates using a clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter with various wetness fractions

Most of the heat in industrial plants is supplied by steam. To minimize energy waste, measuring the steam flow rates in existing pipes is important. Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters are used for this purpose, for which the sensors are attached to the pipe wall. However, flow conditions that can be used are limited because the signal-to-noise ratio of the ultrasonic signal in a steam flow is low. Furthermore, the steam wetness increases with heat losses, which may affect measurement results. Therefore, flow rate measurements in wet steam flows using clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters have not been fully established. In this study, steam flow rates with various wetness fractions and system pressures were measured using a laboratory-made clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter. The results show that flow rates in wet steam could be determined within a 10% error under general conditions in a steam piping system, although the conversion factor from line-average to area-average velocities was calibrated in superheated conditions, and the speed of sound in saturated conditions at each pressure was used. However, the error of the flow rates tended to increase with the wetness fraction and was biased toward positive values. The speed of sound and liquid volume fraction were evaluated at different wetness fractions. The flow rate error due to the change in sound speed was less than 1%, and 1.2% of the flow rates were overestimated owing to the liquid volume fraction. The velocity distribution in wet steam was considered different from that in the superheated steam owing to the existence of the liquid phase, and the change in velocity profile may lead to an overestimation of the steam flow rates in the wet steam condition.     

一种新型三针法角度精密测量仪的原理与结构

介绍的三针法角度法角度精密测量采用比较测量原理,引入了传递系数的概念,对新型三针法角度精密测量仪的工作原理做了比较详细的介绍,讨论了三针法测量角度精密测量仪标定的可行性,建立了新型三针法角度精密测量仪的工作结构,用测量算例验证了三针法测量角度精密测量仪的工作原理,说明了该角度精密测量仪测量过程,分析了新型三针法角度精密测量仪的工艺特点,总结了测量精度的影响因素并提出了设计注意事项。     

齿轮测量仪器的动态设计方法及其应用

为了解决目前齿轮量仪中由于动态性能不足而严重影响测量结果的稳定性、可靠性和精确性的问题,对齿轮测量仪器的动态设计方法展开研究,提出利用有限元分析与实验模态分析技术相结合的动态设计方法。首先,研究了动态分析的理论基础、有限元分析的基本步骤和实验模态分析的基本原理;接着,以某齿轮快速检测仪为例,对其进行了有限元分析与实验模态分析;然后,在该齿轮快速检测仪上进行测量实验,即采用不同精度的齿轮,在不同的速度下进行测试;最后,分析了测量实验中存在振动扰动以及测量过程中振动的变化情况。实验结果表明,有限元分析法可以在设计阶段有效的提高仪器的动态性能,从根本上提高仪器的动态性能指标。实验模态分析方法可以在仪器制造以后准确的获得仪器的实际动态性能指标,可以有效地进行最佳工作转速选择,进一步提升仪器的使用性能。通过测量实验,验证了有限元分析和实验模态分析的正确,为齿轮提高齿轮量仪的动态精度提供了一种方法,为量仪的合理使用提供了一条确实可行的途径。     

基于实例推理的虚拟仪器设计方法研究

根据虚拟仪器软件系统的特点,论述了基于框架的虚拟仪器软件系统的实例表示方法和实例库的建造方法,在此基础上,提出了基于实例推理的虚拟仪器设计方法,该方法充分利用已有的虚拟仪器设计方案和组件资源,实现了虚拟仪器软件资源的重用,提高了虚拟仪器的设计效率。     

自动衡器的分离检定法和集成检定法——衡器检定中非常规的方法之二

衡器检定通常是采用直接加砝码法。但在一些实际检定中，有时需要采取某些非常规的方法，分离检定法和集成检定法就是方法之一。分离检定法和集成检定法通过运用控制衡器解决了自动衡器现场的动态检定，且能够满足进行量传的基本要求。     

Voltammetric in situ measurements of heavy metals in soil using a portable electrochemical instrument

This paper presents a portable electrochemical instrument capable of detecting and identifying heavy metals in soil, in situ. The instrument has been developed for use in a variety of situations to facilitate contaminated land surveys, avoiding expensive and time-consuming procedures. The system uses differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry which is a precise and sensitive analytical method with excellent limits of detection. The identification of metals is based on a statistical microprocessor-based method. The instrument is capable of detecting six different toxic metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, mercury and copper) with good sensitivity.     

Elemental analysis of cemented carbides by calibration-free portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The process of cemented carbides manufacturing requires rapid and field elemental analytical techniques to control and evaluate the properties of products. Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is such a potential elemental analytical technique. In this work, a portable LIBS instrument combined with a CF method was developed for the analysis of cemented carbides. Three batches of cemented compact carbides without reference samples were analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method. To validate the analysis results, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze the samples as well. The results of CF-LIBS agreed well with the results of XRF, with relative errors between ?29.53 and 24.70%. The results demonstrated that the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method was capable for direct and rapid analysis without any need of standard measurements. Notably, with the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method, acceptable accuracy could be obtained, which is promising for practical field applications.     

微机化的超声波气体流量在线检测仪

本文阐述了用超声波测气体流量原理及相应的校准方法，并研制了相应的微机化的智能仪。该仪器用声时，声衰减及数字处理技术联合去除绕管道传播及其它干扰的声波，并采用了一种高精度声时测量方法，以提高流量测量精度。该仪器可用于大中型管径中低频脉动气流及稳态气流的流量测量。     

自适应环境温度变化的压力式温度仪表的研制

针对如今的市场对压力式温度仪表的精度和操作简洁性有了更高的要求,提出了一种毛细管补偿方法来解决环境温度变化对压力式温度仪表精度的影响。该补偿的原理是在测温系统中置入一个反向偏转机构,反向偏转机构连接一根新增的毛细管,当外部环境温度变化时引起毛细管中感温介质的压力变化,压力变化通过反向偏转机构带动指针的偏转来实现反向补偿。通过传动机构与弹簧管理论分析证明该补偿机构的有效性,并经实验对比了带补偿机构与无补偿机构测温仪表的测量误差,分析得出带补偿机构的温度仪表能使测温仪表的精度得到较大的提高。     

Measurement of the gas flow stagnation temperature by the method of two identical thermocouples in the short-duration aerodynamic facilities

Investigations of the temperature and heat flux distributions over the external surface of flying vehicles are important for the development of hypersonic planes. For obtaining correct results, experiments are performed in short-duration high-enthalpy wind tunnels. Determination of the stagnation temperature of the flow in such facilities is a challenging task due to short start-up times and high flow temperature. In this paper a new method is proposed for determining the stagnation temperature of a gas flow in the short-duration aerodynamic wind tunnels with stepwise changes in its parameters. The method is based on using two identical thermocouples with different initial temperatures. It is shown that in the case of jump-like changes in flow parameters the instrument function of the difference of the thermocouple readings coincides with the instrument function of each thermocouple, and the instrument function itself is actually the normalized temperature difference. The instrument function obtained in the study allows temperature retrieval by the method of deconvolution. This approach is highly sensitive to random noise of experimental data; therefore, regularization methods are applied for high-frequency noise suppression. A procedure for choosing the regularization parameter for temperature reconstruction is proposed. The research novelty of the article is that the proposed method allows exact reproduction of the stepwise function and instrument function without any additional assumptions, while the measurements and dynamic calibration are performed in one experiment. Applicability of the method for obtaining the stagnation temperature in the short-duration high-enthrall wind tunnel IT-302 M ITAM SB RUS is demonstrated.