水润滑橡胶轴承的制备及摩擦磨损性能研究

以丁腈橡胶(NBR)为基体,制备水滑润橡胶轴承;研究填料、载荷、转速、润滑介质、NBR品种等因素对橡胶轴承在水润滑介质中的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析其摩擦和磨损机制。结果表明,炭黑量和二硫化钼添加量明显影响橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量;随着载荷的增大,橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量均呈现先增大后减小再明显增大的趋势;随着转速的增大,橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量均明显减小,并且在海水中的摩擦因数和磨损量均大于在淡水中的摩擦因数和磨损量。     

水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦磨损性能的研究

以丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ） 为基体,制备水滑润橡胶轴承;研究填料、载荷、转速、润滑介质、ＮＢＲ品种等因素 对橡胶轴承在水润滑介质中的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析其摩擦和磨损机制。结果表明,炭黑量和二硫化钼添加量明 显影响橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量;随着载荷的增大,橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量均呈现先增大后减小再明显增大 的趋势;随着转速的增大,橡胶轴承的摩擦因数和磨损量均明显减小,并且在海水中的摩擦因数和磨损量均大于在淡水 中的摩擦因数和磨损量。     

氧化铝陶瓷在海水润滑下的摩擦学行为研究

采用UMT-3摩擦实验机研究氧化铝陶瓷在海水润滑条件下的摩擦学行为,并与其在干摩擦和纯水润滑条件下的摩擦学行为进行比较。利用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱观察并分析氧化铝陶瓷磨损表面形貌以及磨损表面主要元素的化学状态,探讨氧化铝陶瓷在海水中的摩擦化学特性。结果表明,氧化铝陶瓷在干摩擦时具有最大的摩擦因数和最小的磨损率,在海水润滑条件下具有最小的摩擦因数和最大的磨损率,这是氧化铝在海水中发生了摩擦化学反应的结果。氧化铝陶瓷在干摩擦时的磨损主要表现为轻微的脆性剥落,在纯水润滑条件下表现为严重的脆性剥落,而在海水润滑条件下表现为摩擦化学磨损以及极轻微的脆性剥落。     

硬度对螺旋槽水润滑橡胶推力轴承摩擦磨损性能影响的实验研究*

水润滑橡胶推力轴承是船舶推进系统中提供轴向支撑力的重要零部件,其摩擦磨损特性严重影响船舶推进工作性能。开展螺旋槽水润滑橡胶推力轴承实验,测试2种橡胶硬度推力轴承在不同工况下的摩擦力,以及高速重载工况下实验前后橡胶层的表面形貌,分析转速、载荷、旋转方向、橡胶层硬度对摩擦因数的影响,以及推力轴承的主要磨损形式。结果表明:相同载荷下,随着转速的增加,2种硬度推力轴承的摩擦因数呈显著下降趋势,摩擦因数下降幅值最大达到了0.51;在高速时,载荷对摩擦因数的影响不显著;高硬度推力轴承在低速时摩擦性能表现更优,而低硬度推力轴承在高速重载条件下不易发生黏着磨损,因此,建议在低速重载条件下使用高硬度橡胶推力轴承,而高速重载条件下使用较低硬度的推力轴承。     

纤维取向、转速、载荷对飞龙材料的摩擦磨损行为影响

在MRH-03型环-块摩擦试验机上,在不同转速、载荷下对不同纤维取向的“飞龙”材料以及饱和吸水后的材料在纯水和人工海水下的摩擦性能进行研究。结果表明：不同纤维取向的“飞龙”材料具有不同的摩擦特性,摩擦方向垂直于单张纤维布时摩擦因数最大,而磨损率最低,摩擦位于单张纤维布上时摩擦因数最小而磨损率最大;随着转速增加,摩擦因数和磨损率均有所降低;随着载荷增加,纯水润滑时磨损率增大,海水润滑时磨损率无明显变化;饱和吸水后,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,纯水润滑条件下降低,海水润滑条件下增大。SEM形貌分析表明,飞龙材料的磨损行为受到纤维对基体材料的支撑作用和基体材料对纤维的保护作用协同影响。     

PEEK450 FC30与SiC陶瓷在海水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性研究

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮PEEK450 FC30与工程陶瓷SiC软硬组合作为海水柱塞泵关键摩擦副备选材料,利用MCF 10摩擦磨损试验机对其在海水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性进行试验研究,探讨接触压力、滑动转速对材料磨损率和摩擦系数的影响规律。试验结果表明：在一定范围内的滑动速度、接触压力下,该摩擦副呈现出较小的磨损率和摩擦系数。当滑动速度在0.5~1.5 m/s之间,接触压力为1.33 MPa时,磨损率最小。通过扫描电子显微镜观察摩擦副磨损表层发现,在海水润滑下,SiC磨损并不明显,而PEEK450 FC30的磨损主要是以塑性涂抹为特征的粘着和SiC表面粗糙峰引起的机械犁耕。研究结果对水液压元件的选材具有十分重要的指导作用。     

水润滑橡胶尾轴承摩擦、磨损试验研究

与传统的金属轴承不同,水润滑轴承一般由非金属材料制成,材料的性能是决定轴承工作性能和使用寿命的一个主要因素,而橡胶材料是水润滑轴承的最佳选择。通过在船舶尾轴承试验机上进行水润滑橡胶尾轴承摩擦、磨损模拟试验,研究了橡胶尾轴承的摩擦原因及摩擦因数的影响因素和橡胶尾轴承的磨损原因及其影响因素。     

石墨烯和聚四氟乙烯微粉共混物作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损行为研究

采用CETR UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机考察不同质量配比的石墨烯和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉作为润滑油添加剂时65Mn弹簧钢的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、三维形貌仪、拉曼光谱等表征手段观察和分析磨痕形貌及化学成分,探究石墨烯和聚四氟乙烯润滑下的摩擦磨损机制。实验结果表明:相对单纯石墨烯添加剂,其与聚四氟乙烯微粉混合后具有更优异的减摩抗磨性能。当石墨烯与聚四氟乙烯微粉质量配比为6∶4时,平均摩擦因数相比于单纯石墨烯低了44.3%,磨损率降低了77.75%。在含石墨烯和聚四氟乙烯微粉的润滑油润滑下,65Mn弹簧钢磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

赛龙轴承材料摩擦学性能的试验研究

利用数显式高速环块摩擦试验机,对赛龙轴承试块/镀镍钢环配副,分别在干摩擦、湿润滑、海水润滑条件下,进行摩擦磨损试验研究,分析赛龙轴承的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:赛龙干摩擦时的平均摩擦因数为0.4左右,相对其他非金属材料,赛龙的干摩擦性能较好,但赛龙不耐高温,高温时材料表面会被破坏生成丝状磨屑;湿润滑时赛龙的摩擦因数比干摩擦时的低,说明湿润滑时已处于边界润滑状态;海水润滑时摩擦因数较低,此时润滑状态逐渐变为完全流体动压润滑状态.正交试验结果表明,干摩擦和湿润滑时,转速变化对摩擦因数的影响较大;海水润滑时,载荷变化对摩擦因数影响较大.     

水润滑艉轴承磨损可靠性寿命评估模型研究

水润滑艉轴承作为舰船推进系统中的重要支撑部件,它的工作可靠性和使用寿命会直接影响舰船的航行安全、隐蔽性能和营运成本等。根据水润滑艉轴承的磨损特性,基于水润滑艉轴承的磨损率和最大允许配合间隙之间的关系,建立平均寿命模型、可靠性磨损寿命模型和模糊可靠性寿命模型3种数学模型,来评估水润滑艉轴承的磨损可靠性寿命。实例分析表明:磨损可靠性寿命模型和模糊可靠性磨损寿命能较好地反映水润滑艉轴承副由于磨损而失效的渐进性,其中利用模糊可靠性计算模型获得的可靠度最为保守,针对船舶运行于苛刻环境中,采用模糊可靠性模型进行寿命评定能在最大程度上保证船舶艉轴承的营运安全。     

GCr15微动磨损转向往复滑动磨损特性的研究

对GCr15金属球和平面试块在300N的法向力作用下作了从微动磨损向往复滑动磨损转变的试验研究，对摩擦磨损过程中的磨损系数、摩擦力变化特性、磨痕的轮廓进行了分析研究。结果表明，在微动磨同往复滑动磨损转变前后，除磨损系数出现突变外，摩擦系数和磨痕的轮廓形貌也发生了比较大的变化，磨损转变过渡区的范围为70－100μm。     

深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术研究

概述了近年来深井、超深井套管磨损机理及预测技术的研究动态，讨论了套管磨损主导机理及其影响因素的几种观点，重点分析了磨损效率模型的特点，明确了深井、超深井套管磨损研究的主要发展方向。     

Characterization of wear scar surfaces using combined three-dimensional topographic analysis and contact resistance measurements

In this paper, a technique for the quantitative characterization of wear scar surfaces, using combined three-dimensional topographical analysis and contact resistance measurements, is introduced. Parameters for the characterization of wear surfaces, developed during sliding of pin-on-disk specimens in oxygen at high temperature, such as wear volume, roughness, average wear depth on the disk specimen, surface coverage by wear-protective oxide layers and their distributions over the wear surface, are presented and calculated. Such analyses provide more effective data for the analysis of wear processes and wear mechanisms.This method has been applied to the analysis of dry reciprocating sliding wear of a nickel-base alloy, N80A, at temperatures to 600°C. It was found that there was usually a difference between the wear rates of the pin and the disk. This difference increased with increase in temperature, the wear of the pin being much less than that of the disk at the higher temperatures. Although the total wear of both the pin and the disk decreased considerably with increase in temperature, the damage to the disk, judged by the wear depth of the scar, was much higher at elevated temperatures than at low temperatures. The roughnesses of the wear surfaces generally increased with increase in temperature. Less than 50% coverage of the scar surfaces by wear-protective oxide layers was sufficient for the severe-to-mild wear transition. However, the distribution of the wear-protective layers over the wear surfaces was non-uniform. Most of them were concentrated near the centre of the scar, along the sliding direction, under the present conditions. These features of the wear scar surfaces were mainly related to the adhesion and compaction of wear debris particles onto the wear surfaces, leading to development of the wear-protective layers at the various temperatures.     

A Finite Element Approach to Modeling Abrasive Wear Modes

Machine components operating in sandy environments will wear because of the abrasive interaction with sand particles. In this work, a method is derived to predict the amount of wear caused by such abrasive action, in order to improve the maintenance concept of the components. A finite element model is used to simulate various tips scratching a smooth surface. The model is verified by comparing the obtained results with a set of experiments performed earlier (M. Woldman, et al., 2013, Wear, 301(1–2), pp 76–81).     

陶瓷材料磨损机制及磨损程度评价方法综述

综合分析陶瓷材料摩擦磨损的机制和影响摩擦磨损的各种因素,如表面加工状况、载荷、速度、时间、温度、润滑等。介绍几种陶瓷材料摩擦磨损程度的评定方法,如用量纲一化参数(最大赫兹接触压力、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数Sc,硬度、最大表面粗糙度和断裂韧性的函数S*)大小评价磨损程度,用磨损表面的粗糙度Ry与平均粒径Dg的比值评价陶瓷材料磨损程度,用磨损率评价陶瓷材料磨损程度等。以期指导人们进一步认识陶瓷摩擦磨损的本质规律,有目的地调整材料的性能以提高其耐磨性。     

Wear reducing effects and temperature dependence of tribolayer formation in harsh environment

Certain materials show a tribolayer formation especially at enhanced temperatures in abrasive environment, building a wear protection layer with the abrasive on the surface. Three materials with different microstructures were tested in three-body abrasive and impact/abrasive environments at temperatures up to 700 °C to investigate tribolayer formation. Optical and electron microscopical methods were used for wear qualification. Furthermore, hot hardness tests were performed up to 700 °C to investigate the influence of hardness drop on tribolayer formation.It was shown that no significant tribolayer formation occurs on grey cast iron, whereas other materials form tribolayers. Generally, tribolayer formation increases with increasing testing temperature, especially for austenitic and ferritic materials. This entails a self-protecting effect and thus superior wear resistance in abrasive environment.     

ZTA陶瓷刀具连续切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能研究

研究两种自主研制的新型ZTA(Al2O3/Zr O2)陶瓷刀具切削淬硬T10A时的切削性能。刀具后刀面磨损量随切削深度和切削速度的增加而增大;刀具的主要磨损形态为后刀面磨损;主要磨损机理为后刀面磨粒磨损和部分粘结磨损。     

Wear prediction for metals

In spite of the large number of wear models found in the literature, no model can predict metal wear a priori based only on materials property data and contact information. The complexity of wear and the large number of parameters affecting the outcome are the primary reasons for this situation. This paper summarizes the current understanding of wear modelling for metals. Several recent approaches such as wear mapping and wear transition diagrams have suggested some future possible directions for improvement. Some success has been achieved in describing severe wear of steels under unlubricated conditions using thermomechanical approaches. However, modelling of mild wear remains problematic, especially under lubricated conditions. In mild wear, asperity contact events dominate the wear processes. A single asperity collision simulation apparatus has been used to study asperity-asperity contact phenomena. Shear strain and strain accumulation were found to be the dominant underlying causes for wear. It is proposed that future research in wear prediction for metals incorporate the following aspects: wear mapping, temperature, shear strain response, boundary lubricating film strength, and surface roughness.     

Fretting Wear Behavior of UHMWPE—Influence of Load and Stroke

In this study, the tribological behavior of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) against a GCr 15 steel ball during fretting wear conditions was investigated using an oscillating reciprocating tribometer. The aim of this study was to characterize the critical value of normal load and stroke corresponding to this transition in UHMWPE worn surface at room temperature. Results showed that there existed a critical value of load or stroke at fixed condition. The friction coefficient and wear volume loss of UHMWPE at or near the critical values of load and stroke exhibited extreme changes. Based on observation of the worn surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface profiler measurements, it can be found that damage to the worn surface can be linked to the contact load and stroke. In addition, results showed that during the process of fretting wear under different load or stroke conditions, the gross slip regime dominated throughout the whole test period.     

Microstructure and Wear Behaviors of Plasma-Sprayed FeCrNiMoCBSi Coating with Nano-Grain Dispersed Amorphous Phase in Reciprocating Sliding Contact

A novel FeCrNiMoCBSi amorphous/nanocrystalline coating was fabricated using a plasma spraying process. The coating was dense with a low porosity of approximately 0.99%. The coating consisted of a 67.8 vol% amorphous phase coupled with many nanocrystalline grains that were approximately 5?nm in diameter. The mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coating were determined by nanoindentation measurement, and the tribological behaviors were systematically investigated in a reciprocating sliding contact. The results show that FeCrNiMoCBSi coatings possess superior wear resistance compared to other typically similar Fe-based amorphous coatings. The tribological behaviors evolve with the combination of normal load and sliding velocity. Herein, the dominant wear mechanisms are delamination wear and oxidation wear. With an increase in normal load and sliding velocity, the abrasive wear is gradually weakened, the formation of oxide films on the worn surfaces is facilitated, and wear debris is ground to powder. The oxide films suffer from fatigue wear with induced cracks undergoing reciprocating sliding effects.